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Effect of processing conditions on additive DISC patterning of P3HT films
摘要： There is a critical need to develop a method to pattern semiconducting polymers for device applications on the sub-micrometer scale. Dopant induced solubility control (DISC) patterning is a recently published method for patterning semiconductor polymers that has demonstrated sub-micron resolution. DISC relies on the sequential addition of molecular dopants (here 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ)) to the conjugated polymer. In doped areas, the conjugated polymer is protected from dissolution while in undoped areas, the polymer dissolves into solution. Here we examine factors that affect the resolution of the developed pattern. Two factors are determined to be critical to pattern resolution, the initial crystallinity of the polymer, here poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and the quality of the development solvent. We find that dopants diffuse more readily in highly crystalline films than in amorphous films of P3HT and that dopant diffusion reduces the fidelity of the resulting pattern. We also find that the choice of development solvent affects both the fidelity of the pattern and dopant distribution within the patterned polymer domains. Finally, we show that a dopant that diffuses more slowly than F4TCNQ in the P3HT film can be used to pattern the film with higher fidelity. These results together provide a road map for optimizing additive DISC patterning for any polymer/dopant pair.
关键词： crystallinity,semiconducting polymers,development solvent,pattern fidelity,P3HT,DISC patterning,F4TCNQ
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Nanostructured Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Applications in Harsh Environments Fabricated via Nanosecond Laser‐Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) in Indium–Tin Oxide Films on Glass
摘要： A self-organization phenomenon named laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) is utilized for pattern formation in indium–tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive films coated on borosilicate glass. Stripe patterns with periodicities down to 175 nm are created by scanning the focused beam (30 μm spot diameter 1 e?2) of a nanosecond pulsed laser operating at 532 nm wavelength over ITO films. Highly ordered ITO-LIPSS are generated at a pulse duration of 6 ns, pulse frequencies between 100 and 200 kHz, pulse energies around 20 μJ, and laser spot scan speeds in the range of 50–80 mm s?1. Resulting nanopatterns are electrically conductive and feature improved optical transparency as well as stability against strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and even aqua regia. The formation of mixed phases between ITO and silicon is considered to be the origin for the chemical robustness of laser patterned transparent conductive electrodes.
关键词： laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS),laser patterning,self-organization,indium–tin oxide (ITO),transparent conductive films (TCF)
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Self-Patterned CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals for High-Performance Optoelectronics
摘要： All-inorganic lead halide perovskites are promising materials for many optoelectronic applications. However, two issues that arise during device fabrication hinder their practical use, namely inadequate continuity of coated inorganic perovskite films across large areas and inability to integrate these films with traditional photolithography due to poor adhesion to wafers. Herein, for the first time, to address these issues, we show a room-temperature synthesis process employed to produce CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet features. Due to the unique properties of these 2D nanocrystals, including the 'self-assembly' characteristic, and 'double solvent evaporation inducing self-patterning' strategy are used to generate high-quality patterned thin films in selected areas automatically after-drop-casting, enabling fabrication of high-performance devices without using complex and expensive fabrication processing techniques. The films are free from micro-cracks. In a proof-of-concept experiment, photodetector arrays are used to demonstrate the superior properties of such films. We provide evidence of both high responsivity (9.04 A/W) and high stability across large areas. The photodetectors fabricated on flexible substrate exhibit outstanding photo-response stability. Advanced optical and structural studies reveal the possible mechanism. Our simple and cost-effective method paves the way for the next-generation nanotechnology based on high-performance, cost-effective optoelectronic devices.
关键词： photodetector,Self-assembly,self-patterning,two-dimensional nanosheet,perovskite
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Fabrication of octagonal and dodecagonal single crystal Si micropyramids via etching without using a pre-patterned mask
摘要： Surface texturing of Si has attracted signi?cant attention over the past decades as micro/nano patterns allow for preferred opto-electronic and electrochemical properties. Here a new fabrication method, based on etching in aqueous NaOH-polyethylene glycol solution is presented, which allows the formation of novel eight and twelve sided Si micropyramids. Particularly, the presence of NaOH resulted in the formation of four sided facets along intersecting {111} planes, while with continuous etching the high molar mass polyethylene glycol resulted in the formation of four additional facets identi?ed to be (212) planes producing octagonal pyramids. Further etching of these octagonal pyramids lead to the formation of twelve-sided pyramids. Eight-faceted (octagonal) pyramids have been reported in the literature, but only through the use of photolithography, while twelve-faceted (dodecagonal) pyramids have not been observed for any type of crystal.
关键词： Pyramids,Octagon,Si patterning,Etching,Polyethylene glycol,Dodecagon
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photolithographic Patterning of Cytop with Limited Contact Angle Degradation
摘要： Cytop is a commercially available amorphous fluoropolymer with excellent characteristics including electric insulation, water and oil repellency, chemical resistance, and moisture-proof property, making it an attractive material as hydrophobic layers in electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) devices. However, its highly hydrophobic surface makes it difficult for photoresists to be directly coated on the surface. To pattern Cytop, plasma treatment prior to applying photoresists is required to promote the adhesion between the photoresist and the Cytop coating. This approach inevitably causes hydrophobicity loss in the final EWOD devices. Thus, a damage-reduced recipe for Cytop patterning is urgently needed. In this paper, we first characterized the damage caused by two categories of surface treatment methods: plasma treatment and metal treatment. Parameters such as plasma gas source (Ar/O2), plasma treatment time (0–600 s), metal target (Al/Cu/Cr/Au), metal deposition process (magnetron sputtering or e-beam evaporation) were varied. Film thickness, wettability, and roughness were quantified by ellipsometry measurements, contact angle measurements, and atom force microscope (AFM), respectively. We then evaluated the effectiveness of annealing in damage reduction. Experimental results show that: (1) annealing is necessary in restoring hydrophobicity as well as smoothing surfaces; (2) specified film thickness can be obtained by controlling plasma treatment time; (3) “Ar/O2 plasma treatment + an AZ5214 soft mask + annealing” is a feasible recipe; (4) “an Al/Cu/Cr/Au hard mask + annealing” is feasible as well.
关键词： Cytop,electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD),annealing,patterning,microfluidics
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Patterning Smectic Liquid Crystals for OFETs at Low Temperature
摘要： The preparation of regular microstructures with liquid crystalline materials for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) is an attractive but challenging issue. However, it is usually limited by the difficulty of forming large-area single crystals aligned in a desirable direction. Herein, several terthiophene (TTP) smectic liquid crystals such as 8-TTP-8 and 12-TTP-11OH are patterned into highly crystalline microstripes by a sandwich system through a dewetting method. Morphology and orientation of the microstripes strongly depend on preparation temperature. Microstripes prepared below crystalline temperature are uniform, well-ordered, and show high field effect transistor (FET) mobility. Meanwhile, π–π stacking direction of the TTP backbone is perpendicular to the microstripe and the molecules stack in layer structure, standing up on the SiO2/Si substrate, which would provide an effective pathway for p-type charge transport. However, higher preparation temperatures at liquid crystalline or isotropic liquid range induce many defects in the crystal formation process and cause incline of the unit cell, thus leading to a sharp decrease in FET mobility. A possible mechanism of molecular stacking at different temperature range is proposed. This strategy promised to provide a new opportunity for the high cost-efficiency fabrication of OFETs.
关键词： OFETs,smectic liquid crystals,terthiophene,alignment,patterning
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2018.8.7-2018.8.9)] 2018 International Flexible Electronics Technology Conference (IFETC) - Improving The Adhesion Between Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrode and PET Film Using a Crosslinkable Polymer
摘要： Silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes and graphenes have found applications for flexible electronics. The adhesion and the patterning of those materials on polymer substrates have been a challenge. This paper reports a novel approach for the improvement of the adhesion between silver nanowires and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by using a thermally crosslinkable polymer. The technique was found very efficient in improving the adhesion between silver nanowires and PET substrates.
关键词： adhesion,printed electronics,patterning,crosslinkable polymer,silver nanowires
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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High-performance and Multifunctional Colorimetric Humidity Sensors Based on Mesoporous Photonic Crystals and Nanogels
摘要： Colorimetric sensors, as a key branch of the application of photonic crystals (PCs), sets off enthusiasm of scientists to make research. Here, simple mesoporous and structurally colored one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) constructed by alternating assembly of poly(acrylamide-N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide) (P(AM-MBA)) nanogels and TiO2 nanoparticles are reported as high-performance colorimetric humidity sensors. The sensors with bright colors display rapid response to relative humidity (RH) change and reach sensing balance in 0.5 s. By varying RH from 47.0% to 89.3%, stopband of a sensor changes from 426 nm to 668 nm, almost spanning the whole visible range. Meanwhile, visual sensing of RH possesses good reversibility and repeatability. Moreover, the sensors with delicate patterns are facilely fabricated by partial UV photodegradation of the polymer layers with nano TiO2 as catalyst. The delicate patterns and backgrounds show different colors, and change color simultaneously and quickly by varying the ambient humidity. Accurate QR code pattern is also realized on the PC sensor, it is found successful reading of the data is only achieved by increasing RH to realize high color contrast between the code and background. Given their excellent properties, the porous hybrid PCs are promising as high-performance humidity sensors with potential display, decoration, information-storage and encryption functions.
关键词： colorimetric humidity sensors,photonic crystals,nanogels,patterning,mesoporous structure
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 31st International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) - Kyoto, Japan (2018.7.9-2018.7.13)] 2018 31st International Vacuum Nanoelectronics Conference (IVNC) - Study on Photoemission of Patterned Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Gold Nanoparticles
摘要： Employing the edge effect and localized surface plasmon resonance effect, an enhanced photoemission is obtained from a carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays modified with gold nanoparticles. Compared with the unpatterned CNTs, the quantum efficiency of patterned CNTs is improved from 3.69×10-6 to 1.85×10-5. After modification with gold nanoparticles, the quantum efficiency of patterned CNTs is further raised to 4.98×10-5. This work makes CNTs as a promising material for the high stability and high efficiency photocathode.
关键词： Patterning,Photocathode,Gold nanoparticles,CNTs
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Manipulating disordered plasmonic systems by external cavity with transition from broadband absorption to reconfigurable reflection
摘要： Disordered biostructures are ubiquitous in nature, usually generating white or black colours due to their broadband optical response and robustness to perturbations. Through judicious design, disordered nanostructures have been realised in artificial systems, with unique properties for light localisation, photon transportation and energy harvesting. On the other hand, the tunability of disordered systems with a broadband response has been scarcely explored. Here, we achieve the controlled manipulation of disordered plasmonic systems, realising the transition from broadband absorption to tunable reflection through deterministic control of the coupling to an external cavity. Starting from a generalised model, we realise disordered systems composed of plasmonic nanoclusters that either operate as a broadband absorber or with a reconfigurable reflection band throughout the visible. Not limited to its significance for the further understanding of the physics of disorder, our disordered plasmonic system provides a novel platform for various practical application such as structural colour patterning.
关键词： broadband absorption,external cavity,disordered plasmonic systems,tunable reflection,structural colour patterning
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01