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Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral leukoplakia: a systematic review
摘要： Objective: The aim of the present study was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of oral leukoplakia (OLK). Methods: This systematic review aimed to address the following focused question: “Is photodynamic therapy effective in the management of oral leukoplakia?’’ PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, OVID, CNKI, and WANFANG DATA were searched up to and including June 2018 using different combinations of the following keywords: photodynamic therapy, leukoplakia, oral dysplasia, oral precancers, and oral premalignant lesions. Results: Sixteen studies were included in the present study. A total of 352 patients was included in this review, with the age ranging from 20 to 79 years. Photosensitizers used were aminolevulinic acid, Photofrin, methylene blue, and chlorine-e6. Laser wavelength, duration of irradiation, and power density were 420 to 660 nm, 60 to 1000 seconds, and 100 to 150 mW/cm2, respectively. On the whole, the rates of complete response and partial response were 32.9% and 43.2%, and the sum was 76.1%. The follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 119 months. The recurrence rate of OLK was 0-60%. Conclusion: PDT seems to be a useful therapeutic strategy in the management of oral leukoplakia as a non-surgical treatment. Further RCTs with long follow-up period, standardized PDT parameters, and comparing efficacy of PDT with various therapies are expected to acquire definite conclusions.
关键词： Light source,Oral dysplasia,Oral leukoplakia,Photosensitizer,Photodynamic therapy,Oral premalignant lesions
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Development of a new multi-mode NIR laser system for photodynamic therapy
摘要： Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been used in various fields especially in cancer treatment. In PDT, designing a light source has vital importance in order to achieve a successful treatment. Among the light sources, Lasers are important candidates for their precise wavelengths to activate the photosensitizers (PS), coherent nature and fiber-coupled usage. In order to achieve perfect PDT treatment, the Laser light sources needs to be embedded with high stability current, temperature controllers and closed loop control systems. In this study, a novel Multi-mode PDT Laser system (MPTL) was developed with four different radiation modes. Importantly, Super Pulse Mode (SPM) was implemented for the first time among the PDT Laser systems in the open literature to minimize the thermal damage to the target tissue. The proposed system achieved high optical output stability by precise current and temperature control of the Laser resonator. The MPTL achieved high optical output stability ( ± 1mW) in the range of 0–1500 mW, high wavelength stability ( ± 1nm) at 635 nm, and high temperature stability ( ± 0.2 °C) in all radiation modes. The MPTL system with super pulse mode can be safely used for wide range of PDT clinical applications.
关键词： Pulse mode laser,Photodynamic therapy,PDT light source,NIR,Super-pulse,Laser system,Multi-mode
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Clinical trial of photodynamic therapy for peripheral-type lung cancers using a new laser device in a pilot study
摘要： Introduction/Aim: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of a tumor-specific photosensitizer and laser irradiation, and one of the treatment options recommended for early centrally located lung cancers, but not yet for peripheral-type lung cancers. We developed a new laser probe, the composite-type optical fiberscope (COF), which allows accurate laser irradiation of a cancer lesion with simultaneous visualization of the lesion. Methods: This phase I study was conducted in 7 patients with peripheral lung cancers (primary tumor ≤20 mm in diameter). We performed endobronchial PDT for these patients using the new laser probe and talaporfin sodium as the photosensitizer. Results: We performed PDT for 3 patients with peripheral lung cancer using a laser dose of 50 J/cm2 at 120 mW, and confirmed the feasibility of using this dose. Then, we escalated the laser dose to 100 J/cm2 in 4 additional patients. A total of 7 patients met our inclusion criteria. Evaluation at 2 weeks and 3 months after the PDT revealed no complication such as pneumonia or pneumothorax. At the evaluation conducted 6 months later, we found CR in 3 cases and SD in the remaining 4 cases. Conclusion: PDT was found to be a feasible and non-invasive treatment modality for early peripheral-type lung cancer. In the future, PDT could become a standard treatment option for peripheral-type lung cancer.
关键词： Photodynamic Therapy (PDT),laser,peripheral type lung cancer,clinical trial,photosensitizer,endobronchial treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ferrous-Supply-Regeneration Nanoengineering for Cancer Cell Specific Ferroptosis in Combination with Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Non-apoptotic ferroptosis is of clinical importance because it offers a solution to surmount the inevitable bio-carriers of traditional apoptotic therapeutic means. Inspired by industrial Electro-Fenton technology featured with electrochemical iron cycling, we construct a ferrous-supply-regeneration nanoengineering to intervene tumorous iron metabolism for enhanced ferroptosis. Fe3+ ion and naturally derived tannic acid (TA) spontaneously form network-like corona onto sorafenib (SRF) nanocore. The formed SRF@FeIIITA nanoparticles can respond to lysosomal acid environment with corona dissociation, permitting SRF release to inhibit GPX4 enzyme for ferroptosis initiation. TA is arranged to chemically reduce the liberated and the ferroptosis-generated Fe3+ to Fe2+, offering iron redox cycling thus to effectively produce lipid peroxide required in ferroptosis. Sustained Fe2+ supply leads to long-term cytotoxicity, which is identified to be specific to H2O2-overloaded cancer cells but minimal in normal cells. SRF@FeIIITA-mediated cell death proves to follow ferroptosis pathway and strongly inhibits tumor proliferation. Moreover, SRF@FeIIITA provides a powerful platform capable of versatile integration between apoptosis and non-apoptosis means. Typically, photosensitizer-adsorbed SRF@FeIIITA demonstrates rapid tumor imaging owing to the acid-responsive fluorescence recovery. Together with ferroptosis, imaging-guided photodynamic therapy induces complete tumor elimination. This study offers ideas about how to advance anticancer ferroptosis through rational material design.
关键词： iron redox cycling,iron-tannic acid network,photodynamic therapy,ferroptosis,Electro-Fenton technology
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Photodynamic application of protoporphyrin IX as a photosensitizer encapsulated by silica nanoparticles
摘要： Background: Achieved Silica Nanoparticles (SiNPs) to encapsulate the photosensitizer [Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)] in photodynamic therapy (PDT) application was reported in this research. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity for five different concentrations of encapsulated and naked PpIX was measured. Optimum concentration and optimum exposure time of encapsulated and naked PpIX that needed to destroy the cells (Osteosarcoma cells) was measured. Results: The results showed that the encapsulated PpIX has more efficacy compared to the naked PpIX and the applicability of the encapsulated PpIX-SiNPs was proved on osteosarcoma cells. Conclusion: The results established the important in-vitro photodynamic effectiveness of PpIX-SiNP, which may open a new application for PpIX in its clinical and in-vitro studies.
关键词： encapsulation,osteosarcoma cells,protoporphyrin IX,silica nanoparticles,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Carbons dots: The next generation platform for biomedical applications
摘要： Among the wide range of carbon family nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) one of the promising candidate which have attracted tremendous attention due to its unique advantages such as facile synthesis procedure, easy surface functionalization, outstanding water solubility, low toxicity and excellent photo-physical properties. Due to these unique advantages, CDs are extensively used in catalysis, electronics, sensing, power as well as in biological sectors. In this review we will discuss recent progress in synthesis, structure and fluorescence properties of CDs with special highlight on its biomedical applications, more precisely we will highlight on CDs, for drug/gene delivery, bioimaging and photothermal and photodynamic therapy applications. Furthermore, we discuss the current challenges and future perspective of CDs in the field of biomedical sector.
关键词： Photo-physical properties,Bioimaging,Photothermal and photodynamic therapy,Drug/gene delivery
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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An Insight Into the Potentiation Effect of Potassium Iodide on aPDT Efficacy
摘要： Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is gaining a special importance as an effective approach against multidrug-resistant strains responsible of fatal infections. The addition of potassium iodide (KI), a non-toxic salt, is recognized to increase the aPDT efficiency of some photosensitizers (PSs) on a broad-spectrum of microorganisms. As the reported cases only refer positive aPDT potentiation results, in this work we selected a broad range of porphyrinic and non-porphyrinic PSs in order to gain a more comprehensive knowledge about this aPDT potentiation by KI. For this evaluation were selected a series of meso-tetraarylporphyrins positively charged at meso positions or at β-pyrrolic positions and the non-porphyrinic dyes Methylene blue, Rose Bengal, Toluidine Blue O, Malachite Green and Crystal Violet; the assays were performed using a bioluminescent E. coli strain as a model. The results indicate that KI has also the ability to potentiate the aPDT process mediated by some of the cationic PSs [Tri-Py(+)-Me, Tetra-Py(+)-Me, Form, RB, MB, Mono-Py(+)-Me, β-ImiPhTPP, β-ImiPyTPP, and β-BrImiPyTPP] allowing a drastic reduction of the treatment time as well as of the PS concentration. However, the efficacy of some porphyrinic and non-porphyrinic PSs [Di-Py(+)-Me opp, Di-Py(+)-Me adj, Tetra-Py, TBO, CV, and MG] was not improved by the presence of the coadjuvant. For the PSs tested in this study, the ones capable to decompose the peroxyiodide into iodine (easily detectable by spectroscopy or by the visual appearance of a blue color in the presence of amylose) were the most promising ones to be used in combination with KI. Although these studies confirmed that the generation of 1O2 is an important fact in this process, the PS structure (charge number and charge position), aggregation behavior and affinity for the cell membrane are also important features to be taken in account.
关键词： cationic porphyrins,xanthenes,potassium iodide,phenothiazines,bioluminescent E. coli,antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Revisiting Barrett's Esophagus || Endoscopic Treatments: Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique developed in 1990 for reducing the severity of tumor symptoms and cancer size. It acts through a non-thermal mechanism utilizing the activation of a photosensitizer—administrated by intravenous, topical, or oral route—with a specific wavelength of light. The excited photosensitizer generates oxygen radicals which induces localized necrosis and cellular damage in the site of photoactivation. Site and depth of injury depended on several factors, including oxygen concentration, type of sensitizing agent, waiting time between dosing and light stimulation, energy per unit area, intensity of light dosimetry, wavelength, and time of irradiation. PDT may be used in the tissues accessible to light exposure, such as skin, retina, bronchial tree, and the gastrointestinal tract, for either palliative approach (namely lumen obstruction by lung and esophageal tract cancer) or curative therapy. In the gastrointestinal tract, PDT is thought to be effective in the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia. Further investigational applications include palliative approach to unresectable cholangiocarcinoma and treatment of duodenal or colon adenomas associated to FAP syndrome. Finally, there are few data on ablation of gastric superficial tumors. This review focused on PDT tools, indications, limits, and contraindications in the treatment of Barrett’s esophagus.
关键词： Light,Barrett’s esophagus,Gastrointestinal tract,Photosensitizer,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficacy of photodynamic therapy vs ultrasonic scaler for preventing gingival inflammation and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment
摘要： The effectiveness of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was compared vs ultrasonic scaler (US) as prophylactic methods for oral decontamination during the orthodontic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in FMPS, FMBS, PD, ICDAS scores and counts of P. gingivalis, P.intermedia and mutans streptococci at T1, T2 and T3 follow-ups. Based in the protocol designed, PDT and US allowed in a similar way to control the extent of the enamel demineralization until 6 months post-treatment and the progression of the gingival inflammation until 9 months post-treatment.
关键词： gingival inflammation,ultrasonic scaler,orthodontics,Photodynamic therapy,white spots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Bacteria-Targeted Supramolecular Photosensitizer Delivery Vehicles for Photodynamic Ablation Against Biofilms
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is believed to be a potent method for biofilm treatments. However, undesired damage to normal cells may be caused due to the nonselective nature of PDT. Therefore, targeted PDT is preferred on one hand to enhance antimicrobial effects and on the other hand to reduce cytotoxicity to normal cells. For this purpose, novel bacteria-targeted photosensitizer delivery micelles are fabricated, taking advantage of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) supramolecular assembly. Hydrophilic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Magainin I is covalently bound with PEG, working as a bacterial targeting group as well as the stabilizing shell of the supramolecular micelles. Photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) is grafted onto α-CD. The micelles exhibit excellent bacterial targeting effects. Compared to α-CD-Ce6, the supramolecular micelles possess enhanced biofilm killing ability against Gram (?) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and Gram (+) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms while reducing cytotoxicity to NIH/3T3 model cells.
关键词： antimicrobial peptides,biofilms,targets,cytocompatibility,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01