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Fast neutron detectors with silicon photomultiplier readouts
摘要： This work summarizes a fast neutron detection performance of two different silicon photomultipliers from two manufacturers. The first SiPM (MAPD-3NK) from Zecotek Photonics consists of deeply buried cells with the active area 3.7x3.7 mm2. The second one (MPPC-S12572-010P) from Hamamatsu, however, consists of surface cell structure which the active area is 3x3 mm2. Both SiPMs have the same pixel density of 10000 mm-2. Both SiPMs coupled to Stilbene (5*5*5 mm3) and p-terphenyl (5*5*5 mm3) plastic scintillators were evaluated for detection ability of fast neutrons using a PuBe neutron source. Charge comparison and zero crossing neutron/gamma discrimination techniques were performed for these detectors and the results were compared. The obtained results prove a good fast neutron detection performance of the SiPMs which makes it possible to use these types of neutron detectors in fast neutron detection applications.
关键词： Pulse shape discrimination,Micropixel avalanche photodiode,Charge comparison,SiPM,MAPD,PSD,Zero crossing,Silicon photomultiplier
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Development of a high resolution LaGPS imaging detector with pulse shape discrimination capability of different types of radiations
摘要： Ce doped (Gd,La)2Si2O7 (LaGPS) is a new scintillator which has high light output and is a promising candidate for high resolution radiation imaging detectors. Thus we developed a radiation imaging detector using a LaGPS plate combined with a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) and evaluated the performance. We found that the decay times of LaGPS were different with the types of radiations and the separations of the images of the different types of radiations were possible using pulse shape discrimination. The spatial resolution for Am-241 alpha particles (5.5 MeV) was better than 0.31 mm FWHM and the energy resolution was 11 % FWHM. The spatial resolution for Sr–Y-90 beta particles was ～0.6 mm FWHM and those for Co-57 gamma photons (122 keV) and Cs-137 X-ray (～35 keV) were better than 0.6 mm FWHM and ～0.8 mm FWHM, respectively. The decay times for alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma photons were 143 ns, 124 ns, and 119 ns, respectively. With these different decay times, the separation of alpha particles and gamma photons or beta particles was possible using the pulse shape discrimination. We conclude that the developed LaGPS imaging detector has high resolution for all types of radiations and is also capable of the simultaneous imaging and separating the different types of radiations.
关键词： Alpha particles,Imaging,Pulse shape discrimination,Beta particles,Gamma photons,Decay time,LaGPS
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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-ray suppression using artificial neural networks with the liquid scintillators BC-501A and BC-537
摘要： In this work we present a comparison between the two liquid scintillators BC-501A and BC-537 in terms of their performance regarding the pulse-shape discrimination between neutrons and γ rays. Special emphasis is put on the application of artificial neural networks. The results show a systematically higher γ-ray rejection ratio for BC-501A compared to BC-537 applying the commonly used charge comparison method. Using the artificial neural network approach the discrimination quality was improved to more than 95% rejection efficiency of γ rays over the energy range 150 to 1000 keV for both BC-501A and BC-537. However, due to the larger light output of BC-501A compared to BC-537, neutrons could be identified in BC-501A using artificial neural networks down to a recoil proton energy of 800 keV compared to a recoil deuteron energy of 1200 keV for BC-537. We conclude that using artificial neural networks it is possible to obtain the same γ-ray rejection quality from both BC-501A and BC-537 for neutrons above a low-energy threshold. This threshold is, however, lower for BC-501A, which is important for nuclear structure spectroscopy experiments of rare reaction channels where low-energy interactions dominates.
关键词： fast-neutron detection,BC-537,digital pulse-shape discrimination,liquid scintillator,BC-501A,neural networks
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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-rays in liquid scintillation detectors by using low sampling frequency ADCs
摘要： It is well known that the digital pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) of fast neutrons and γ-rays in liquid scintillation detectors can be adversely affected by the low sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Previous studies have recommended that using an ADC with a sampling frequency of above 250 MHz is necessary to achieve a PSD performance comparable to that of the analog PSD systems. In the present study, we show that, in principle, a sampling frequency of above 32 MHz is sufficient to fully preserve the pulse-shape information of liquid scintillation detectors, though at such sampling frequencies a significant degradation of the PSD performance may arise from the used PSD algorithm. To avoid this problem, a new PSD algorithm in the frequency domain is presented and its excellent performance at low sampling frequencies is experimentally demonstrated. At the sampling frequency of 32 MHz, a Figure-of-Merit (FOM) of 1.31±0.04 in the light output range of 200-1400 keVee (electron equivalent energy) is achieved with an ADC of 10-bit resolution.
关键词： Digital Pulse-Shape Discrimination,Sampling Frequency,Analog-to-Digital Converter
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of YAG:Ce3+ for γ and α Detection
摘要： A bulk single crystal of yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, YAG:Ce3+) with good optical quality and free of cracks has been grown successfully by the Kyropoulos method. The dimension of the as grown crystal boule was ? 20 × 30 cm3. The cut and polished crystal sample of dimensions 1 × 1 × 0.5 cm3 was used for further measurements. The phase purity was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction pattern analysis. The scintillation properties, such as X-ray emission spectrum, pulse height spectra, energy resolution, and scintillation decay time, were investigated using a 137Cs γ-ray source. The recorded X-ray emission spectrum shows a broad band between 500 and 700 nm with a peak at around 540 nm, which is attributed to the 5d-4f transition of the Ce3+ ion. The pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) of α and γ signals in a YAG:Ce3+ crystal has been studied by using different pulse shapes. The grown YAG:Ce3+ crystal which is non-hygroscopic, chemically inert, fast inorganic scintillator could be used for radiation detection application in nuclear, and high energy physics.
关键词： YAG:Ce3+ crystal,Kyropoulos method,Pulse shape discrimination,Radiation detector
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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An ultrahigh spatial resolution radiation-imaging detector using 0.1 mm?×?0.1 mm pixelated GAGG plate combined with 1 mm channel size Si-PM array
摘要： Spatial resolution of a pixelated scintillator-based radiation-imaging detector is sometimes limited by the pixel size of the scintillators. We developed a small-size pixelated GAGG scintillator using a dicing method and combined it with a small channel-size Si-PM array for the development of an ultrahigh resolution radiation-imaging detector. The developed pixelated GAGG scintillator had a pixel size of 0.1 mm x 0.1 mm arranged in 0.15-mm separations. It was combined with a Si-PM array made of 1 mm x 1 mm channels to form a radiation-imaging detector. With the developed radiation imaging detectors, the 0.1 mm x 0.1 mm pixels could be resolved for Am-241 alpha particles (5.5 MeV). The spatial resolutions of this imaging detector were better than 0.31-mm FWHM for Am-241 alpha particles and Ca-45 (maximum energy: 0.24 MeV) beta particles. The spatial resolutions for Am-241 gamma photons (60 keV) and Cs-137 X-ray (~32 keV) were better than 0.6-mm FWHM. Separation of the images of alpha particles and gamma photons was possible using the scintillation decay time difference of GAGG between alpha particles and gamma photons. The developed ultrahigh spatial resolution pixelated GAGG radiation-imaging detector is promising for the imaging of alpha particles, beta particles, low-energy gamma photons and X-ray.
关键词： GAGG,ultrahigh spatial resolution,pulse-shape discrimination,pixelated,Si-PM array
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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O12:Ce scintillator
摘要： The light yield (LY) and decay kinetics of a single crystal scintillator of Gd3Al2Ga3O12(GAGG):Ce were measured for 0.662 MeV ??- and 5.48 MeV ??-rays between ?100 ?C and room temperature. As the temperature decreased, the LY increased by 20% for ??-rays, reaching its maximum at around ?70 ?C, and increased monotonously by 50% for ??-rays. Both the rise and decay times increased gradually. Furthermore, the results indicate that pulse shape discrimination is most effective at room temperature.
关键词： Pulse shape discrimination,Light yield,Temperature dependence,Scintillator,Gd3Al2Ga3O12(GAGG):Ce,Particle detector,Decay time
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) - Atlanta, GA, USA (2017.10.21-2017.10.28)] 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) - Characterization of Stilbene Scintillation Detectors with Light Guide Coupling and Silicon Photomultiplier Readout
摘要： We experimentally investigated the low energy pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of four cubic stilbene crystals with 6 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm sides. We used a 6 × 6 mm2 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) for readout, and coupled the crystals both with and without light guides, optimizing light guide wrapping for PSD. We compared the crystals’s figure of merit (FOM) dependence on light output. For the smaller three crystals, direct coupling provided better PSD (roughly 116% FOM of the guided at 100 ? 150 keVee). For the 10 mm sided crystal the trend was reversed and the light guide became advantageous (105% FOM of the direct at 100 ? 150 keVee).
关键词： organic scintillator,stilbene,Pulse shape discrimination,light guide
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14