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Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis
摘要： Background: A substantial number of epidemiological studies have investigated the possible associations between sunlight exposure and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), but the results from studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between sunlight exposure and the risk of AMD. Methods: Relevant studies were searched using databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled covariates-adjusted odds ratio (OR). Subgroup analyses based on study design, stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude were carried out. The heterogeneity across the studies was tested, as was publication bias. Results: Fourteen eligible studies including 43,934 individuals based on the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The pooled OR for sunlight exposure and AMD was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.98–1.23). In addition, similar insignificant results were observed in further subgroup analyses based on stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude. Sun-avoidance behavior did not decrease the risk of AMD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.76–1.67). Moderate heterogeneity was observed in most of analyses. Conclusion: The results indicate that sunlight exposure may not be associated with increased risk of AMD based on current published data.
关键词： Meta-analysis,Risk factor,Sunlight,Macular degeneration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Longitudinal Changes in Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error Among Children With Preschool Myopia
摘要： PURPOSE. Preschool myopia generally indicated a high risk of progression to high myopia. However, no previous study has reported its longitudinal evolution. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in preschool myopia and explore the associated key determinants. METHODS. Medical records of patients seeking refractions at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between 2009 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean rates of change in spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors were evaluated in patients with preschool myopia. Association between the rate of change in SE and patient characteristics at the initial visit were examined using linear mixed-effect regression models. RESULTS. A total of 495 cases (median initial age: 5.12 years, interquartile range [IQR], 4.12–5.76 years) were assessed with at least 2-year follow-up. The initial median SE was (cid:2)3.00 D (IQR, (cid:2)5.25 to (cid:2)1.75 D) and the median duration of follow-up was 3.69 years (IQR, 2.89–4.99 years). On average, myopia progressed by (cid:2)0.59 6 0.47 D/year. A total of 312 (63.0%) children demonstrated myopia progression (mean rate of change in SE (cid:3) (cid:2)0.50 D/year in either eye) and 177 (35.8%) children demonstrated refraction stability (mean rate of change < 60.50 D/year in both eyes). Older age (b ? (cid:2)0.06, P ? 0.003), female sex (b ? (cid:2)0.09, P ? 0.035), and initial lower myopic SE (b ? (cid:2)0.07, P < 0.001) were associated with faster myopia progression. CONCLUSIONS. Preschool myopia on average progresses, although considerable proportion of subjects demonstrates longitudinal refraction stability. The rate of myopia progression is associated with initial patient characteristics.
关键词： preschool myopia,risk factor,progression
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Screening for retinopathy of prematurity by telemedicine in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit in France: Review of a six-year period
摘要： To analyze the prevalence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and severe (treatment-requiring) ROP. A retrospective study was conducted in a level III neonatal unit in Bordeaux, France, from 2009 to 2015. Four hundred and nineteen preterm infants who were screened for ROP exclusively by RetCam were included. ROP of any degree was diagnosed in 27.68% of infants. Stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 ROP was found in 44%, 46%, 9% and 1% of subjects, respectively. No stage 5 ROP was observed. 28/419 infants (6.6%) were treated exclusively with laser photocoagulation. No intravitreal anti-VEGF injections or surgical treatments were performed. No infants born at > 31 weeks or with BW > 1110 g required ROP treatment. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for ROP development were low birth weight, low gestational age at birth, high duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, shock or use of vasopressors. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for severe, treatment-requiring ROP were male gender, gestational age ≤ 27 weeks and Apgar score at 5 minutes ≤ 7. In our 6-year series, ROP was successfully identified on screening exclusively by telemedicine, and no surgical treatment was required. This study identifies known ROP risk factors, but the Apgar score at 5 minutes as a risk factor for severe ROP requires further studies in order to be confirmed.
关键词： Risk analysis,Retinopathy of prematurity,Pediatric ophthalmology,Retina,Risk factor
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Recurrent rates and risk factors associated with recurrent painful bullous keratopathy after primary phototherapeutic keratectomy
摘要： Objective: To assess the recurrent rate, mean survival time, and risk factors associated with recurrent painful bullous keratopathy (BK) after primary treatment with phototherapeutic keratectomy. Methods: Medical records from 72 patients (72 eyes) who had phototherapeutic keratectomy for painful BK were evaluated. Data for sex, age, duration of BK, associated ocular and systemic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, asthma, dyslipidemia, and rheumatoid arthritis), frequency and degree of pain (grade 1–3), visual acuity, corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and laser setting were extracted and analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64.2±11.4 years. The mean preoperative duration of BK was 15.0±11.0 months. Most patients had pseudophakic BK (69.40%). Majority of the cases had grade 3 degree of pain (48.60%). Glaucoma and hypertension were markedly found among these patients (51.40% and 19.40%, respectively). Preoperative mean intraocular pressure and corneal thickness were 13.70±4.95 mmHg and 734.1±83.80 μm, respectively. The mean laser diameter and depth were 8.36±1.22 mm and 38.89±8.81 μm, respectively. Systemic disease was significantly associated with the risk for developing recurrent painful BK (P=0.022, hazard ratio [HR] 1.673, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–2.58). The overall recurrent rate was 51%. The average duration time of recurrent painful BK was 17.3±12.9 months (range 1–50 months). The median survival time before recurrence was 29.0±6.6 months. Conclusion: Systemic disease was found to be the only risk factor significantly associated with the development of recurrent painful BK. Low recurrent rate and long mean survival time showed that phototherapeutic keratectomy was effective in relieving recurrent painful BK and can be used as an alternative procedure for patients waiting for corneal transplantation.
关键词： mean survival time,phototherapeutic keratectomy,PTK,recurrent painful,bullous keratopathy,risk factor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14