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A Quantification Procedure for Interior Performance of Architectural Openings Associated with Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
摘要： Windows with various colors are important design elements used widely ranging from traditional architecture to contemporary buildings to express the architectural fa?ade, the interior atmosphere, and so on. Recently, there is a possibility that solar cells can be used to replace windows with various colors. In particular, attempts to manufacture windows using Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are actively underway. Accordingly, there is a need to determine physical and environmental performances of DSSCs. This study attempted a methodological approach to evaluate indoor environmental performance of windows and DSSCs. The concept of color gamut overage normally used in the field of displays was utilized to evaluate color expressions. In addition, a standard visual inspection table suggested by the International Ophthalmological Society was used to evaluate the recognition of shapes. This study compared performances between RGB color windows and DSSCs using the two above previous concepts. Measurement data showed that most DSSCs performed poorly in comparison with architectural color windows. However, some DSSCs showed good enough performances that could be used as alternatives of architectural color windows. Green DSSCs with VLT 18% had a color gamut similar to clear glasses. Blue DSSCs with VLT 18% were found to have similar or better shape recognition than current architectural color windows. Based on these results, limitations of DSSCs as alternatives of architectural color windows and their future development directions are suggested.
关键词： indoor environment,shape recognition,color gamut overage,color environment,dye-sensitized solar cells,architectural window
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Optimal Design Methodology of Tapered Waveguide Transducers for Thickness Monitoring
摘要： For the purpose of providing transducers for long-term monitoring of wall thinning of critical pressure equipment in corrosion or high temperature environments, the optimal design methodology for tapered waveguide units was proposed in the present study. Firstly, the feasibility of the quasi-fundamental shear horizontal (SH0*) wave propagating in the tapered waveguide units was analyzed via numerical simulations, and the transmitting limitations of the non-dispersive SH0* wave were researched. Secondly, several tapered waveguide transducers with varying cross-sections to transmit pure SH0* wave were designed according to the numerical results. Experimental investigations were carried out, and the results were compared with waveguide transducers with a prismatic cross-section. It was found that the tapered waveguide units can transmit non-dispersive shear horizontal waves and suppress the wave attenuation at the same time. The experimental results agreed very well with the numerical simulations. Finally, high-temperature experiments were carried out, and the reliability of thickness measuring by the tapered waveguide transducers was validated. The errors between the measured and the true thicknesses were small. This work paves a solid foundation for the optimal design of tapered waveguide transducers for thickness monitoring of equipment in harsh environments.
关键词： optimal design,quasi-fundamental shear horizontal wave,structural health monitoring,tapered waveguide unit,harsh environment
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synergy of PVP and ethanol to synthesize Ni3S4 quantum dots for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors
摘要： Ni3S4 quantum dots (QDs) have great potential for supercapacitors due to their unique quantum effects, high specific surface area, high water solubility and good stability, but the current preparation process is cumbersome and toxic. Here, we highlighted a facile and environmental-friendly synthesis of Ni3S4 QDs for the first time by virtue of the synergy of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethanol. The synergistic mechanism was revealed by using XRD to investigate the effect of synthesis solvent. When QDs was used as a supercapacitor electrode material, it exhibited excellent electrochemical properties, and the specific capacitance at 1 A g-1 was 1440 F g-1. In addition, Ni3S4 QDs and activated carbon (AC) are assembled into Ni3S4 QDs//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), which delivered the maximum energy density of 60.4 Wh kg-1. This work provides new ideas for the preparation of QDs and opens up new concepts for the synthesis of nickel sulfide.
关键词： supercapacitors,nickel sulfide,energy storage,environment friendly,PVP,quantum dots
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Fluorescent Sensors Based on a Novel Functional Design: Combination of an Environment-sensitive Fluorophore with Polymeric and Self-assembled Architectures
摘要： The fluorescence properties, e.g., fluorescence intensity, of fluorescent sensors can change due to covalent derivatization or noncovalent complexation with a target chemical species (i.e., molecules and ions) or by variations in circumstantial physical parameters (e.g., temperature and viscosity). The internal charge transfer (ICT) character and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) efficiency can be used to tune the fluorescence switching mechanism, facilitating the development of new fluorescent sensors. In addition, the utilization of an environment─ sensitive (i.e., polarity─ and hydrogen bonding─ sensitive) fluorophore in stimulus─ responsive macromolecules to design novel fluorescent sensors has been proposed. Based on this concept, highly sensitive fluorescent polymeric thermometers and (extremely sensitive) digital fluorescent pH sensors have been developed. These thermometers are being used to measure the temperature of live cells in biological and medical studies. This concept has also allowed nanoscale proton mapping near membranes, which exemplifies the downsizing of targets for fluorescent sensing from a micrometer─ scale to a nanometer─ scale.
关键词： digital fluorescent pH sensors,polymeric thermometers,nanoscale proton mapping,fluorescent sensors,environment─ sensitive fluorophore
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tapered ultra-high numerical aperture optical fiber tip for nitrogen vacancy ensembles based endoscope in a fluidic environment
摘要： Fixing a diamond containing a high density of Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center ensembles on the apex of a multimode optical fiber (MMF) extends the applications of NV-based endoscope sensors. Replacing the normal MMF with a tapered MMF (MMF-taper) has enhanced the fluorescence (FL) collection efficiency from the diamond and achieved a high spatial resolution NV-based endoscope. The MMF-taper’s high FL collection efficiency is the direct result of multiple internal reflections in the tapered region caused by silica, which has a higher refractive index (RI) than the surrounding air. However, for applications involving fluidic environments whose RI is close to or higher than that of the silica, the MMF-taper loses its FL collection significantly. Here, to overcome this challenge and achieve a high spatial resolution NV-based endoscope in a fluidic environment, we conceptually proposed a tapered ultra-high numerical aperture microstructured optical fiber (MOF) whose air capillaries at the tapered end are sealed. Since the end-sealed air capillaries along the tapered MOF (MOF-taper) have isolated the MOF core from the surrounding medium, the core retains its high FL collection and NV excitation efficiency in liquids regardless of their RI values. Replacing the MMF-taper with the MOF-taper will achieve a versatile NV-based endoscope that could potentially find widespread applications in fluidic environments where many biological processes and chemical reactions occur.
关键词： fluidic environment,Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) center,fluorescence collection,endoscope,optical fiber
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design of a Broadband NIR Phosphor for Security-Monitoring LEDs: Tunable Photoluminescence Properties and Enhanced Thermal Stability
摘要： Near-infrared (NIR) phosphors with capability for blue light to 850 nm broadband NIR emission conversion are highly desirable for security-monitoring LEDs. Targeted phosphor LaSc2.93-yGayB4O12(LSGB): 0.07Cr3+ (y = 0.6) is designed from the initial model of LaSc2.93B4O12(LSB): 0.07Cr3+ by chemical composition modification. The correlations among crystal-field environment, structural evolution, and luminescence properties of LSGB: 0.07Cr3+ (0 ≤ y ≤ 1.5) are elucidated by the Dq/B values, decay curves, and polyhedron distortion. The substitution of Sc3+ by Ga3+ in LSGB: Cr3+ (0 ≤ y ≤ 1.5) leads to decreasing structural polyhedron distortion and strengthened crystal field, consequently resulting in the blue-shift of broadband emission and enhanced thermal stability of LSGB: 0.07Cr3+ (y = 0.6) compared to that of LSB: 0.07Cr3+. The above results demonstrate that the superiority of blue-shift and enhanced thermal stability of LSGB: 0.07Cr3+ (y = 0.6) make it more suitable for the blue-pumped security-monitoring LEDs.
关键词： luminescence properties,crystal-field environment,security-monitoring LEDs,thermal stability,structural evolution,LaSc2.93-yGayB4O12(LSGB): 0.07Cr3+,Near-infrared (NIR) phosphors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Narrow plasmonic surface lattice resonances with preference to asymmetric dielectric environment
摘要： Plasmonic surface lattice resonances (SLRs) supported by metal nanoparticle arrays exhibit narrow linewidths and enhanced localized ?elds and thus are attractive in diverse applications including nanolasers, biochemical sensors and nonlinear optics. However, it has been shown that these SLRs have much worse performance in a less symmetric environment, hindering their practical applications. Here, we propose a novel type of narrow SLRs that is supported by metal-insulator-metal nanopillar arrays and that has better performance in a less symmetric dielectric environment. When the dielectric environment is as asymmetric as the air/polymer environment with a refractive index contrast of 1.0/1.52, the proposed SLRs have high quality factors of 62 under normal incidence and of 147 under oblique incidence in the visible regime. We attribute these new SLRs to Fano resonance between an in-plane dipole and an out-of-plane quadrupole (or dipole) that are respectively supported by the two metal ridges under normal (or oblique) incidence. We also show that the resonance wavelength can be tuned by varying the geometric sizes or by changing the angle of incidence. By doing this, we clarify the conditions for the formation of the proposed SLRs and illustrate their attractive merits in sensing applications. We expect that this new SLR can open up applications in asymmetric dielectric environments.
关键词： sensing applications,asymmetric dielectric environment,Plasmonic surface lattice resonances,metal-insulator-metal nanopillar arrays,Fano resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Investigation of a Bragg Grating-Based Fabrya??Perot Structure Inscribed Using Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in an Adiabatic Fiber Taper
摘要： This paper presents the fabrication of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based Fabry–Perot (FP) structure (7 mm total length) in an adiabatic fiber taper, investigates its strain and temperature characteristics, and compares the sensing characteristics with a standard polyimide coated FBG sensor. Firstly, a simulation of the said structure is presented, followed by the fabrication of an adiabatic fiber taper having the outer diameter reduced to 70 μm (core diameter to 4.7 μm). Next, the sensing structure, composed of two identical uniform FBG spaced apart by a small gap, is directly inscribed point-by-point using infrared femtosecond laser (fs-laser) micromachining. Lastly, the strain and temperature behavior for a range up to 3400 με and 225 ?C, respectively, are investigated for the fabricated sensor and the FBG, and compared. The fabricated sensor attains a higher strain sensitivity (2.32 pm/με) than the FBG (0.73 pm/με), while both the sensors experience similar sensitivity to temperature (8.85 pm/?C). The potential applications of such sensors include continuous health monitoring where precise strain detection is required.
关键词： Fabry–Perot,microfiber sensor structure,direct writing,sensor for structural health monitoring,point-by-point fabrication,femtosecond laser micromachining,harsh environment fiber sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP) - Marrakesh, Morocco (2019.12.14-2019.12.19)] 2019 Tenth International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP) - An Improved Scan Matching Method Based on Laser Reflection Intensity
摘要： High-precision localization performance of mobile robots in featureless environments plays an important role in the field of navigation. This paper describes an effective localization solution using a landmark whose surface is covered with two different materials resulting in different laser reflection intensities. Based on the landmark, a feature extraction algorithm is proposed and an improved scan matching method for mobile robot localization in featureless environments is described. Unlike traditional scan matching methods which only use geometric features, the proposed method mixes geometric information extracted from environment and laser reflection intensity extracted from the landmark to achieve accurate pose estimation. Experiments show that our method has higher precision than previous methods.
关键词： high-precision localization,scan matching,laser reflection intensity,featureless environment
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Plant Factory || LED advancements for plant-factory artificial lighting
摘要： Growing food crops without stressful environmental factors (e.g., drought, ?ooding, extreme heat or cold, growth-limiting light) typically enables shorter production cycles and higher yields per cycle, leading to an order of magnitude higher annual crop-productivity rate on an area-footprint basis for protected cultivation compared to open-?eld agriculture (Mitchell, 2004), and two orders of magnitude more productive for multitiered indoor crop production (Kozai et al., 2015). Variously termed worldwide as “indoor agriculture,” “urban farming,” “vertical farming,” or “plant factories” (PFs), such controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) enterprises have great potential to provide fresh, healthy produce year-round without long-distance transport, especially in view of urbanization and climate change caused by unchecked fossil-fuel use. All platforms of CEA, including greenhouse as well as warehouse-based food production, will play increasingly important roles in feeding a rapidly growing world population as we progress through the 21st century. In fact, it is anticipated that agricultural productivity will have to expand as much as 70% above current production levels over the next 30 years to keep pace with projected increases in food demand worldwide (Agrilyst, 2017). Although the productivity potential of CEA is clear, the heavy up-front capital investments for technology and high operational energy costs to grow crops productively indoors causes the indoor agriculture industry to struggle with near-term pro?tability and carbon-footprint issues. For this reason, quick-turning leafy greens and culinary herbs with low light requirements are the present crop types of choice for PF crop production in warehouses and converted shipping containers.
关键词： energy efficiency,plant factory,artificial lighting,controlled-environment agriculture,LED
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57