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In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Three-Core Fiber for Measurement of Directional Bending
摘要： A highly sensitive directional bending sensor based on a three-core fiber (TCF) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is presented in this study. This MZI-based bending sensor was fabricated by fusion-splicing a section of TCF between two single-mode fibers (SMF) with core-offset. Due to the location of the core in the TCF, a bend applied to the TCF-based MZI led to an elongation or shortening of the core, which makes the sensor suitable for directional bending measurement. To analyze the bending characteristics, two types of TCF-based sensors, with the fusion-spliced core located at different positions between the SMFs, were investigated. A swept source was employed in the measurement technique. The experimental results showed that, for the two types of sensors in this setup, the bending sensitivities of the two sensors were 15.36 nm/m?1 and 3.11 nm/m?1 at the bending direction of 0?, and ?20.48 nm/m?1 and ?5.29 nm/m?1 at the bending direction of 180?. The temperature sensitivities of the two sensors were 0.043 nm/?C and 0.041 nm/?C, respectively. The proposed sensors are compact, versatile, inexpensive to fabricate, and are expected to have potential applications in biomedical sensing.
关键词： Mach-Zehnder interferometer,fiber optic sensors,bending direction,three-core fiber,bending sensitivities
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Functional Sensing Interfaces of PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Chemical and Biological Sensors: A Mini Review
摘要： Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising devices for applications in in vitro and in vivo measurements. OECTs have two important sensing interfaces for signal monitoring: One is the gate electrode surface; the other is the channel surface. This mini review introduced the new developments in chemical and biological detection of the two sensing interfaces. Specific focus was given on the modification technological approaches of the gate or channel surface. In particular, some unique strategies and surface designs aiming to facilitate signal-transduction and amplification were discussed. Several perspectives and current challenges of OECTs development were also briefly summarized.
关键词： organic electrochemical transistors,interface functionalization,chemical sensors,biosensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Processing and Characterization of ZrO<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> Porous Films by Dip Coating for Application as Environmental Sensors
摘要： The main objective of this work is to study and characterize porous ZrO2-TiO2 films on alumina substrates that will be used for the production of porous ceramic sensors for the monitoring of air humidity in environments subject to the incidence of solar radiation. For the production of the films the dip coating technique was adopted. A viscosity study was performed to obtain stable suspensions of ZrO2-TiO2 in isopropyl alcohol with the para-aminobenzoic acid deflocculant (PABA), at concentrations of 10, 12.5 and 15% by weight of solids. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations were performed for the identification of crystalline phases, morphological analyzes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analyzes by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results allowed to determine the minimum value of viscosity and amount of deflocculant to stabilize the suspension. The sensor elements in the form of 1:1 (weight) ZrO2 - TiO2 porous films showed great potential to be used as sensors for the measurement of relative humidity the size and distribution of desirable pores in the porous film for application as moisture sensors was obtained with 12.5 and 15 % by weight ZrO2-TiO2
关键词： deflocculant,sensors,porous ceramic films,viscosity
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Superior Sensing Properties of Black Phosphorus as Gas Sensors: A Case Study on the Volatile Organic Compounds
摘要： The unique structure and prominent properties of black phosphorus (BP) and its monolayer and multilayers in device applications have attracted significant attention to this elemental 2D material. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of the candidacy of monolayer BP as a channel material for high-performance volatile organic compound (VOC) sensors is conducted combining first-principles density functional theory calculations and non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism. The adsorption configurations and energetics of several typical VOCs (ethanol, propionaldehyde, acetone, toluene, and hexane) on monolayer BP are examined and it is demonstrated that VOCs generally exhibit stronger interaction with monolayer BP than with the widely studied monolayer MoS2, indicative of monolayer BP potentially being a more sensitive VOC sensor. Monolayer BP is shown to exhibit highly anisotropic transport behaviors, whereas the absolute modification of current–voltage responses due to VOCs is found to show a trend that is direction independent. Moreover, the adsorption of VOCs on monolayer BP is strong enough to resist thermal disturbance, yet allows fast recovery time. The results suggest that BP is a compelling and feasible candidate for sensing applications of VOCs.
关键词： density functional theory calculations,gas sensors,black phosphorus,volatile organic compounds,non-equilibrium Green’s function formalism
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Tertiary Amines Differentiated from Primary and Secondary Amines by Active Ester-Functionalized Hexabenzoperylene in Field Effect Transistors
摘要： Herein, we report two novel derivatives of hexabenzoperylene (HBP) that are functionalized with ester groups. Methyl acetate functionalized HBP (1) in single crystals self-assembles into a supramolecular nanosheet, which has a two-dimensional π-stack of HBP sandwiched between two layers of ester groups. With the same self-assembly motif, active ester-functionalized HBP (2) in field effect transistors has enabled differentiation of tertiary amines from primary and secondary amines, in agreement with the fact that active ester reacts with primary and secondary amines but not with tertiary amines to form amides.
关键词： sensors,organic field effect transistors,organic semiconductors,self-assembly,arenes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing] Advanced Computing and Systems for Security Volume 883 (Volume Eight) || Remote Sensing Technology for Evaluation of Variations in Land Surface Temperature, and Case Study Analysis from Southwest Nigeria
摘要： Recent studies have shown that evaluation of the changes in the Land Surface Temperature (LST) of any area can be a re?ector of changes in urbanisation trend, industrial activities, population change and natural factors. Subsequently, many researches have evolved over time, especially with development in remote sensing, digital image processing and geographical information systems. This chapter is aimed at providing information on the relevance and challenges of remote sensing as a geospatial technology that is capable of being used for monitoring LST at different spatial and timescales. The case study analysis indicated that the results from the remote sensing processing of the imageries re?ect signi?cant in?uence of the spatial resolutions of selected imageries. The challenges of huge image data gaps, cloud cover, coarse spatial and temporal resolution, limited night-time data for evaluation of night-time urban heat island—for both technical and security reasons, in?uenced the reliability of the study results. The study recommended policies for improvement in the applications and utilisation of the geospatial technology in many developing countries, including Nigeria based on its strengths.
关键词： Nigeria,Image sensors,Land surface temperature,Image analysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Compact integrated magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond
摘要： We demonstrate an integrated and miniaturised magnetic field sensor based on the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centres (NV-) in diamond. The compact device includes all optical components, both for the optical excitation path and for the detection of the emitted fluorescence signal. We experimentally verify that it enables optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements and we specify noise and sensitivity of the magnetometer. The minimal detectable magnetic field of the device is ≈ 1 μT for a given integration time of 1 ms, which is approximately one order of magnitude larger than its photon shot-noise limit. It has the significant advantage over traditional setups using NV- centres (including a laser and a complex optical system) that the specific construction volume is about 2.9 cm3 with a total power consumption of ≈ 1.5 W, which enables the device for a wide range of industrial sensing applications.
关键词： synthetic diamond,defects,optical properties,high pressure high temperature (HPHT),sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Optimization of formaldehyde detection performance based on Ni2+ sensitized monodisperse amorphous zinc tin oxide microcubes
摘要： The pure and Ni2+ sensitized monodisperse amorphous zinc tin oxide (a-ZTO) microcubes were synthesized via an in-situ precipitation method and subsequent wet impregnation. XPS results revealed that Ni2+ sensitization increased the relative content of chemisorbed oxygen and oxygen vacancies on the surface of a-ZTO microcubes. Compared to pure a-ZTO microcubes, 0.75 at% Ni2+ sensitized a-ZTO microcubes can significantly improve the gas sensing performance to formaldehyde at 200 °C, which may be attributed to its uniform morphology and modification of Ni2+ on the surface of a-ZTO microcubes. Further, the gas sensing mechanism is briefly discussed.
关键词： Surface sensitization,Zinc tin oxide,Monodisperse,Amorphous material,Sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Direct-printed nanoscale metal-oxide-wire electronics
摘要： One-dimensional metal oxide (MO) micro-wires and nano-wires (MOWs) can be excellent functional units for integrated and transparent electronics. However, MOWs produced using conventional synthesis methods are short, uncontrollable, and randomly-distributed, so they cannot be easily used to fabricate high-density transistor arrays with precisely-controlled MOW-channels. Here, we describe a large-scale direct-printed universal nanoscale MOW electronics which includes highly-aligned, digitally-controlled and arbitrarily-long MOW arrays and various nanoscale applications of MOW field-effect transistors (FETs), neuromorphic synaptic transistors, and gas sensors. Broad classes of pristine, doped and alloyed MOWs are fabricated, so we demonstrated all-MOWFETs composed of conducting indium oxide (In2O3) wires and semiconducting indium zinc oxide (IZO) wires; the devices show a high carrier mobility μ ~17.67 cm2 V-1 s-1, comparable to μ of MO thin-film FETs. MOW synaptic transistors show presynaptic signals dependent postsynaptic behaviors similar to biological synaptic responses; which can be promising nano-electronic units of high-density neuromorphic devices. We also demonstrated MOW gas sensors which show high response to NO2 gas. Our direct-printed, large-scale, and individually-controlled MOW electronics would be a promising approach in development of industrially-viable MOW electronics and open new horizons for precisely-controlled inorganic MOW electronics and nanoscale printed electronics.
关键词： synaptic transistors,metal oxide nanowires,metal oxide gas sensors,nanowire printing,metal oxide transistors,nanowire electronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Novel color standards for digital color analysis of optochemical sensor arrays
摘要： The indicator-based polymeric color standards for color referencing in digital color analysis (DCA) of optical chemical sensors (optodes) are proposed. In the novel standards, the colors referring to the actual absorption bands of the protonated and deprotonated forms of the indicator are mixed in constant proportions. The standards are based on the lipophilic pH-indicators: ETH5350 and ETH2439, commonly used in optodes, and the lipophilic electrolyte TBATBB. The dependence of the standard color on the TBATBB concentration in the optode is established and found to be linear. The standard colors remain unchanged upon varying the solution pH and the nature and the concentration of the electrolyte. Calibration curves of the indicator pH-optodes obtained in horse serum and referenced to the developed standards demonstrate lower error to span ratio, broader span and higher sensitivity as compared to the same data processed with the conventional gray standard. The colorimetric signal of the pH-optodes array measured in serum sample and referenced to the developed standards allowed accurate determination of the sample pH thus demonstrating practical prospects of the proposed color standards.
关键词： color standards,digital color analysis,optical chemical sensors,polymeric optodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29