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Optimal Cost of a Solar Photovoltaic System for a Remote House in Bihar
摘要： Energy plays a vital role for the growth of a country. Solar energy is the most important renewable energy resources that can play vital role in the replacement of fossil resources to generate clean energy. Due to technological developments in solar power technologies, solar energy can be used for cooling, heating, and daily electricity demand of the world and emerged as viable alternative to produce clean energy in future. The paper describes the technological development of PV model, its present status and future opportunities in the context of Bihar, India. The study was carried out in Bihar, global solar radiation data is required for the calculation and assessment of the working principles of PV system installed at remotely located house to provide adequate power backup. The case study has been based on the solar radiation data available in Bihar, India, the cost of a suitable PV model for a house has been computed based on the analysis of power requirement of a houses in a day.
关键词： Solar Energy,Solar Radiation,Solar Irradiance,Photovoltaic (PV) system
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Local Tilt Optimization of Photovoltaic Solar Panels for Maximum Radiation Absorption
摘要： Incident solar radiation on photovoltaic (PV) solar panels is not constant throughout the year. Besides dependence on the season, solar radiation is reliant on the location and weather conditions. For a given location on Earth, the best-?xed orientation of a PV panel can be determined by achieving the maximum incident solar irradiance throughout the year or for a predetermined period. In this paper, we use a sophisticated atmospheric radiative transfer model to calculate the direct and di?use solar irradiation (radiant exposure) for the solar spectrum incident on PV solar panels to determine the best tilt angle of the panel in order to maximize absorption of solar radiation for selected periods. We used the Regula-Falsi numerical method to obtain the tilt angle at which the derivative of solar irradiation (concerning the tilt angle) approaches zero. Moreover, the spectral response of typical silicon cells is taken into account. These calculations were carried out in S?o Carlos (SP), a town in the southeast of Brazil. The best tilt angle was obtained for three selected periods. Additionally, we provide results for Southern latitudes ranging from 0° to ?55° in steps of ?5° for the meteorological seasons. We have shown that for each period, there is an increase in solar radiation absorption compared to the traditional installation angle based exclusively on the local latitude. These calculations can be extended to any location.
关键词： Regula-Falsi numerical method,solar radiation absorption,photovoltaic solar panels,tilt angle optimization,atmospheric radiative transfer model
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Photovoltaic Thermal System for Application in Greater Toronto Area, Canada
摘要： We present a study conducted to obtain optimum tilt angle and orientation of a solar panel for the collection of maximum solar irradiation. The optimum tilt angle and orientation were determined using isotropic and anisotropic di?use sky radiation models (isotropic and anisotropic models). The four isotropic models giving varying optimum tilt angles in the range of 37 to 44°. On the other hand, results of the four anisotropic models were more consistent, with optimum tilt angles ranging between 46–47°. Both types of models indicated that the collector tilt should be changed four times a year to receive more solar radiation. The results also indicate that the solar panel should be installed with orientation west or east of due south with a ?atter tilt angle. A 15° change in orientation west or east of due south results in less than 1% reduction of the total solar radiation received. For a given optimum tilt angle, the e?ect of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) orientation west or east of due south on the outlet temperature was determined using a one-dimensional steady state heat transfer model. It was found that there is less than 1.5% decrease in outlet temperature for a PV/T panel oriented up to 15° east or west of due south from March to December. This result indicates that existing roofs with orientations angles up to 15° east or west of due south can be retro?tted with a PV/T system without changing the roof shape.
关键词： PV/T system,anisotropic models,solar radiation,optimum tilt angle,isotropic models,solar PV orientation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Rabat, Morocco (2018.12.5-2018.12.8)] 2018 6th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC) - Criteria for Identifying More Favourable Areas for Photovoltaic Installations : Case of East Spain
摘要： Technological development and social concern about the natural environment mean that renewable energies are a real alternative to fossil fuel sources. Renewable energies are not only a market niche, but can be a profitable alternative in agricultural economic domains. When studying where to locate photovoltaic installations, it is necessary to bear in mind the opportunity cost; that is, alternative land use. Medium- or large-sized photovoltaic installations are placed on lands normally used for farming, so the opportunity cost of such installations must be included in both economic and location terms.
关键词： solar radiation,profitability,opportunity cost,solar energy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Recent Developments in Photovoltaic Materials and Devices || Experimental Study of Current-Voltage Characteristics for Fixed and Solar Tracking Photovoltaics Systems
摘要： The efficiency of solar electric systems basically depends on the materials used in making the solar cells and regardless of the type of application: fixed or tracking photovoltaics (PV), the quality and quantity of power produced by PV systems depend on both the amount of solar radiation incident on the solar panels as well as the current and voltage characteristics of the load. This present work, which involves field installation of a fixed PV alongside an existing equivalent tracking PV, simultaneously monitored the current and voltage response of both systems to changing solar radiation and ambient temperatures. The comparative results of the study provide a framework for decision-making on the choice of either of the systems and have shown that in the UK, both systems have a relatively slow electrical response to sunrise while the performance of fixed PV systems approximates that of tracking PV systems at noon time.
关键词： voltage-current (I-V) characteristics,solar radiation,maximum power,fixed PV,solar tracking PV
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Energy and Exergy Analysis of Photovoltaic Thermal Air Collector Under Climatic Condition of North Eastern India
摘要： The performance of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air collector has been studied in the climatic condition of North East, India theoretically and as the climatic condition of north east is different from the other zones of India. For this study, one of the city located in north eastern India named Silchar is chosen. Firstly, the validation of the theoretical model has been done with the experimental model of Agarwal and Tiwari (2012) which shows that theoretical model is in fair agreement with the experimental model as the correlation coefficient and root mean square percent deviation has been found as 0.94 and 9.1 %. The study is performed with three different values of mass flow rate (0.007 kg/s, 0.0097 kg/s and 0.0128 kg/s) for a typical day of December and March. It has been found that the maximum solar radiation has been achieved at 12.00 hr of the day for both the month under consideration. The nature of variation of solar cell temperature, back surface temperature, outlet air temperature, thermal and exergy gain throughout the day has been observed for different mass flow rates. It was reported from the study that the PVT air collector has better thermal performance for the mass flow rate of 0.0128 kg/s. For a mass flow rate of 0.0128 kg/s, it has been observed that for a typical day of December, the thermal energy gain and exergy gain has been achieved as152 Wh, and 7.88Wh, respectively, whereas for the month of March it has been observed as 185.15 Wh, and 17.82 Wh, respectively at 12.00 hr. Maximum outlet temperature has been obtained as 45°C, and 53°C, during winter (December) and summer (March), respectively. The exergy gain is found to enhance by almost 100% during summer than that of winter.
关键词： exergy,mass flow rate,solar radiation,energy,PVT air coolector
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Operational performance of a novel heat pump coupled with mini-channel PV/T and thermal panel in low solar radiation
摘要： Here we describe a heat pump system coupled with novel PV/T and thermal panels for space heating in low solar radiation conditions. Existing solar indirect-expansion systems connect the solar panels and evaporator of the heat pump in parallel with the heat storage tank. For our system these three components are instead connected in series, which can stabilize the temperature at the inlet of the evaporator and decrease the inlet temperature of the solar panels, leading to improved energy efficiency and the production of much more thermal energy. The experimental results of this system show that the average electrical, thermal and overall efficiency of the PV/T panels are 15.9%, 33.4% and 49.3%, respectively. The average thermal efficiency of the thermal panels is 60.4%, the COP of heat pump is 4.7 and the room temperature is constantly over 18oC. Based on the experimental results, some improvements are analyzed. We conclude that this operating model can meet the requirement of space heating in low solar radiation environments.
关键词： heat pump,thermal panel,low solar radiation,space heating,PV/T
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Analyzing territory for the sustainable development of solar photovoltaic power using GIS databases
摘要： Solar energy generated by grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) systems is considered an important alternative electric energy source because of its clean energy production system, easy installation, and low operating and maintenance costs. This has led to it becoming more popular compared with other resources. However, finding optimal sites for the construction of solar farms is a complex task with many factors to be taken into account (environmental, social, legal and political, technical-economic, etc.), which classic site selection models do not address efficiently. There are few studies on the criteria that should be used when identifying sites for solar energy installations (large grid-connected photovoltaic systems which have more than 100 kWp of installed capacity). It is therefore essential to change the way site selection processes are approached and to seek new methodologies for location analysis. A geographic information system (GIS) is a tool which can provide an effective solution to this problem. Here, we combine legal, political, and environmental criteria, which include solar radiation intensity, local physical terrain, environment, and climate, as well as location criteria such as the distance from roads and the nearest power substations. Additionally, we use GIS data (time series of solar radiation, digital elevation models (DEM), land cover, and temperature) as further input parameters. Each individual site is assessed using a unique and cohesive approach to select the most appropriate locations for solar farm development in the Valencian Community, a Spanish region in the east of Spain.
关键词： Solar energy,Solar radiation,Grid connection,Solar farms
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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New Techniques for Sizing Solar Photovoltaic Panels for Environment Monitoring Sensor Nodes
摘要： The development of perpetually powered sensor networks for environment monitoring to avoid periodic battery replacement and to ensure the network never goes offline due to power is one of the primary goals in sensor network design. In many environment-monitoring applications, the sensor network is internet-connected, making the energy budget high because data must be transmitted regularly to a server through an uplink device. Determining the optimal solar panel size that will deliver sufficient energy to the sensor network in a given period is therefore of primary importance. The traditional technique of sizing solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is based on balancing the solar panel power rating and expected hours of radiation in a given area with the load wattage and hours of use. However, factors like the azimuth and tilt angles of alignment, operating temperature, dust accumulation, intermittent sunshine and seasonal effects influencing the duration of maximum radiation in a day all reduce the expected power output and cause this technique to greatly underestimate the required solar panel size. The majority of these factors are outside the scope of human control and must be therefore be budgeted for using an error factor. Determining of the magnitude of the error factor to use is crucial to prevent not only undersizing the panel, but also to prevent oversizing which will increase the cost of operationalizing the sensor network. But modeling error factors when there are many parameters to consider is not trivial. Equally importantly, the concept of microclimate may cause any two nodes of similar specifications to have very different power performance when located in the same climatological zone. There is then a need to change the solar panel sizing philosophy for these systems. This paper proposed the use of actual observed solar radiation and battery state of charge data in a realistic WSN-based automatic weather station in an outdoor uncontrolled environment. We then develop two mathematical models that can be used to determine the required minimum solar PV wattage that will ensure that the battery stays above a given threshold given the weather patterns of the area. The predicted and observed battery state of charge values have correlations of 0.844 and 0.935 and exhibit Root Mean Square Errors of 9.2% and 1.7% for the discrete calculus model and the transfer function estimation (TFE) model respectively. The results show that the models perform very well in state of charge prediction and subsequent determination of ideal solar panel rating for sensor networks used in environment monitoring applications.
关键词： battery state of charge,environment monitoring,solar radiation,discrete calculus model,transfer function estimation,solar photovoltaic panels,sensor nodes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Particle swarm optimisation-based model and analysis of photovoltaic module characteristics in snowy conditions
摘要： In this study, a novel methodology of photovoltaic (PV) modelling is proposed to represent the instantaneous electrical characteristics of PV modules covered with snow. The attenuation of the transmitted solar radiation penetrating a layer of snow is rigorously estimated based on the Giddings and LaChapelle theory. This theory introduced the level of radiation that reaches the surface of the PV module through the snowpack, significantly affected by the snow properties and thickness. The proposed modelling approach is based on the single-diode-five-parameter equivalent circuit model. The parameters of the model are updated through instantaneous measurements of voltage and current that are optimised by the particle swarm optimisation algorithm. The proposed approach for modelling snow-covered PV modules was successfully validated in outdoor tests using three different types of PV module technologies typically used in North America's PV farms under different cold weather conditions. In addition, the validity of the proposed model was investigated using real data obtained from the SCADA system of a 12-MW grid-connected PV farm. The proposed model can help to improve PV performance under snow conditions and can be considered a powerful tool for the design and selection of PV modules subjected to snow accretion.
关键词： photovoltaic,Giddings and LaChapelle theory,solar radiation,PV modelling,particle swarm optimisation,SCADA system,snow conditions
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04