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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF) - Silicon Valley, CA, USA (2018.7.9-2018.7.11)] 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF) - EIRP, TRP, Partial TRP and Radiated Immunity For 5G millimeter Wave Device Compliance
摘要： 5G millimeter wave devices and low frequency devices have different FCC compliance requirements. The 5G millimeter wave devices must meet new parameters such as sum of equivalent isotropic power (EIRP) and total radiated power (TRP). Massive MIMO devices must be evaluated differently as compared to conventional MIMO devices. The network telecommunications equipment EMC standard, GR1089 sets test levels for radiated immunity testing at millimeter wave frequencies. This document discusses 5G device test draft test methods and testability challenges for meeting FCC compliance and new radiated immunity requirements
关键词： Radiated Immunity,massive MIMO,TRP,millimeter Wave,OTA,Sum of EIRP,5G,Partial TRP
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Direct Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Reduction of Disulfide Bonds in Insulin and Vasopressin
摘要： Ultraviolet (UV) light has been shown to induce reduction of disulfide bonds in solution. The photoreduction is proposed to be a result of electron donation from excited Tyr or Trp residues. In this work, a powerful UV femtosecond laser was used to generate photoreduced products, while the hypothesis of Tyr/Trp mediation was studied with spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. With limited irradiation times of 3 min or less at 280 nm, the laser-induced reduction in arginine vasopressin and human insulin led to significant yields of ～3% stable reduced product. The photogenerated thiols required acidic pH for stabilization, while neutral pH primarily caused scrambling and trisulfide formation. Interestingly, there was no direct evidence that Tyr/Trp mediation was a required criterion for the photoreduction of disulfide bonds. Intermolecular electron transfer remained a possibility for insulin but was ruled out for vasopressin. We propose that an additional mechanism should be increasingly considered in UV light-induced reduction of disulfide bonds in solution, in which a single UV photon is directly absorbed by the disulfide bond.
关键词： mass spectrometry,photoreduction,disulfide bonds,Tyr/Trp mediation,femtosecond laser,Ultraviolet light
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Electroactive Au@Ag NP Assemblies Driven Signal Amplification for Ultrasensitive Chiral Recognition of D-/L-Trp
摘要： A novel ingenious and ultrasensitive chiral electrochemical transducer is proposed for the tryptophan (Trp) isomers detection by using electroactive Au@Ag NPs as electrochemical tags. Moreover, the large binding constant of D-Trp on NPs and strong interaction between D-Trp and Cu2+ cause electroactive Au@Ag NP to assembly on the electrode, generating strong differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signals from the oxidation of Ag0 to Ag+. In sharp contrast to D-Trp, L-Trp leads to the assembly of Au@Ag NP oligomers on electrode, resulting in a weak DPV signal. The distinct DPV responses enable the developed electrochemical chiral transducer for the sensitive and accurate quantification of D-/L-Trp. The limit of detection (LOD) is 1.21 pM for D-Trp. This established electrochemical chiral sensor also achieves the specific determination of enantiomeric excess. In comparison to other reported approaches, this proposed electrochemical chiral sensor excels by its sensitivity, simplicity and good availability of electroactive Au@Ag NP assemblies. Target-induced colorimetric assays can be converted into electrochemical assays for the dual signal amplification in the field of ultrasensitive enantioselective chiral discrimination.
关键词： Au@Ag NPs,Chiral recognition,Trp enantiomers,Electroactive,Assemblies
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36