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Enhanced Efficiency and Stability of Nonfullerene Ternary Polymer Solar Cells Based on Spontaneously Assembled Active Layer: The Role of a High Mobility Small Molecular Electron Acceptor
摘要： It is challenging to afford efficient and stable organic solar cells based on the as-cast active layer without any external treatments. We present a planar organic electron acceptor BPTCN with high electron mobility as a third component in nonfullerene ternary polymer solar cells, which comprises an electron-deficient 4,7-bis(5H-4,6-dioxothieno[3,4-c]pyrrol-1-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole core, doubly endcapped by 2-(3-ethyl-5-methylene-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylidene)malononitrile through the alkylated thiophene-2,5-ylene unit. It shows a π-π stacking distance of 3.60 ? and μe of 1.31 × 10?3 cm2 V?1 s?1. BPTCN exhibits an absorption maximum at 569 nm in the as-cast film and good miscibility with the NIR-absorption acceptor COi8DFIC, leading to complete f?rster energy transfer in the blends. Adding BPTCN into the PTB7-Th:COi8DFIC blend produces multiple beneficial effects: i) facilitating exciton dissociation and charge transfer at the donor/acceptor interface while suppressing bimolecular and trap-assisted recombination by analysis of the Jph–Veff, Jsc–Ilight and Voc–Ilight characteristics, ii) increasing hole and in particular electron transport; and iii) generally promoting the crystallinity of the polymer donor PTB7-Th, as revealed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the phase purity is greatly improved in the ternary blend PTB7-Th:COi8DFIC:BPTCN (1:1.05:0.45 by weight). Consequently, the tentatively optimized ternary solar cell provides a PCE of 11.62% with Voc = 0.74 V, Jsc = 25.93 mA cm-2 and FF = 60.61% in comparison with the binary systems PTB7-Th:COi8DFIC (PCE of 9.41%) and PTB7-Th:BPTCN (6.42%) in the absence of any extra treatments. After thermal aging at 80 oC for 450 h, this ternary solar cell exhibits increased stability with PCE retaining 84.39% of the initial value.
关键词： PTB7-Th,COi8DFIC,BPTCN,electron acceptor,organic solar cells,thermal stability,nonfullerene ternary polymer solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Bis (tri-alkylsilyl oxide) silicon phthalocyanines: understanding the role of solubility on device performance as ternary additives in organic photovoltaics
摘要： The use of ternary additives in organic photovoltaics (OPV) is a promising route to improve overall device performance. Silicon phthalocyanines (SiPcs) are ideal candidates due to their absorption profile, low cost and ease of synthesis and chemical tunability. However, to date only a few examples have been reported and specific strategies to help design improved ternary additives have not been established. In this study, we report a relationship between ternary additive solubility and device performance, demonstrating that device performance is maximized when the SiPc additive solubility is similar to that of the donor polymer (P3HT, in this case). This improved performance can be attributed to the favored interfacial precipitation of the SiPcs when its solubility matches that of the other components of the thin film. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) varied from 2.4% to 3.4% by using axially substituted SiPcs with different solubilities, where the best ternary additive led to a 25% increase in PCE compared to the baseline device.
关键词： organic photovoltaics,solubility,ternary additive,phthalocyanine
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Role of Dipole Moment in Two Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with One Polymer Donor based Ternary Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant progress and attracted considerable attention due to their simple device architecture and broad absorption range in devices. There are three key parameters that need to be fine-tuned in ternary OSCs including absorption, energy level and morphology in order to realize high efficiencies. Herein, a series of FREAs with diverse electron-rich cores or electron-deficient terminals are developed and rationally combined to achieve high performance ternary OSCs. A new factor of dipole moment of FREAs’ terminals is unveiled and its working mechanism has been thoroughly investigated by systematical studying of six ternary OSCs. These ternary blends all exhibit complementary absorptions and cascade energy levels, which can facilitate efficient light-harvesting and charge transfer. Additionally, the morphological effects on ternary OSCs are eliminated through comparative studies while demonstrating distinctively different performance. The preliminary results show that compatible dipole moment between two FREAs is critical in ternary blends. Specifically, the performance of the ternary system with two FREAs having quite different dipole moment terminals is worse than that with similar terminal dipole moments. The pair with larger difference in dipole moment will also negatively impact device performance. This interesting phenomenon is likely due to that very different dipole moments of terminals in FREAs can significantly decrease the electron mobility as well as induce unbalanced hole/electron transport. Consequently, it results in increased charge recombination and reduced charge collection efficiency. This finding demonstrates that dipole moment of FREAs should be taken into account in designing ternary OSCs.
关键词： ternary organic solar cells,morphology,dipole moment,charge transfer,Fused-ring electron acceptors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A novel design of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate)/molybdenum disulfide/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposites for fabric micro-supercapacitors with favourable performances
摘要： Fabric supercapacitors with mechanical flexible and excellent energy storage capacity attract considerable attention for the potential application in wearable smart electronics. A novel ternary composite electrode and assembled all-solid-state fabric supercapacitors are expected to achieve favorable electrochemical performances. The facile vapor phase polymerization method is employed to fabricate the ternary poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate)/molybdenum disulfide/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composite electrodes. The molybdenum disulfide nanograins are incorporated into the conducting polymer matrix which further facilitates the formation of hierarchical porous structures. On account of profitable synergistic effect among three-component materials and porous structure with reinforced electronic/ionic transport, the as-prepared hybrid electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance of 51.01 mF/cm2 at current density of 0.1 mA/cm2, as well as long cycling durability with 93.6% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles of galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. Furthermore, symmetric fabric micro-supercapacitor assembled by the as-prepared electrodes is also evaluated in a belt-shaped device. This assembled device exhibits an energy density of 0.2 μWh/cm2 (1.81 mWh/cm3) and the power density of 0.09 mW/cm2 (0.82 W/cm3). These results of excellent flexibility and favourable capacitive performance indicate a promising application in portable and wearable electronic devices.
关键词： synergistic effect,ternary nanocomposites,porous structure,flexible micro-supercapacitors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Topochemical Path in High Lithiation of MoS <sub/>2</sub>
摘要： Lithiation of MoS2/RGO (reduced graphite oxide) electrodes repeatedly reached experimental capacities larger than 1000 mA·g–1, corresponding to at least 6 lithium equivalents per gram of MoS2. At our best knowledge, a convincing explanation is still missing in literature. In most cases, phase separation into Li2S and elemental Mo was assumed to occur. However, this can only explain capacities up to 669 mA·g–1, corresponding to an exchange of four Li. Formation of LiMo alloys could resolve the problem but the Li/Mo system does not contain any binary phases. If signs for Li2S formation were found, indeed experimental capacities were below 700 mAh·g–1. Here we present a topochemical mechanism, which sustains multiple charge/discharge cycles at 1000 mAh·g–1, corresponding to an exchange of at least 6 Li per formula unit MoS2. This topochemical reaction route prevents decomposition into binary phases and thus avoids segregation of the components of MoS2. Throughout the whole lithiation/delithiation process, distinct layers of Mo are preserved but extended or shrunk by slight movements and reshuffling of sulfur and lithium atoms. On addition of 6 Li per formula unit to MoS2, all central sulfur atoms are hosted in mutual Mo–S layers such that formal S2– and Mo2– anions appear coordinated by lithium cations. Indeed, similar structures are known in the field of Zintl phases. Our first-principles crystal structure prediction study describes this topological path through conversion reactions during the lithiation/delithiation processes. All optimized phases along the topological path exhibit a distinct Mo layering giving rise to a series of dominant scattering into pseudo 001 reflections perpendicular to these Mo planes. The mechanism we present here explains why such high capacities can be reached reversibly for MoS2/RGO nano composites.
关键词： topological path,Crystal structure prediction,Total energy calculations,MoS2,Li-Mo-S ternary phases,Li-ion battery,Lithium
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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HPW/PDMAEMA-b-PMAA/ZIF-8 ternary lamellar composites and its photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue
摘要： PDMAEMA-b-PMAA block copolymers were prepared by sequential RAFT of DMAEMA and tBMA and followed by hydrolyzation. The phosphotungstic acid (HPW) was anchored to the PDMAEMA blocks via the electrostatic interaction. Then the obtained HPW-PDMAEMA-b-PMAA was added to the synthesis system of ZIF-8. During the formation of ZIF-8, the PMAA blocks with carboxyl groups can coordinate with Zn2+. The HPW anchored to the PDMAEMA blocks also interact with Zn2+. So the block copolymer can consolidate the interaction with HPW and ZIF-8 and prevent the leaking of HPW. At last, the HPW/PDMAEMA-b-PMAA/ZIF-8 ternary lamellar composites were obtained. The structure of HPW/PDMAEMA-b-PMAA/ZIF-8 hybrid material was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a photocatalyst, the HPW/PDMAEMA-b-PMAA/ZIF-8 ternary lamellar composites showed the excellent photoactivity toward the degradation of methylene blue. The rate of degradation of MB is 0.0240 min-1, which is 7.5 times that of the commercially available P25 (0.0032 min-1). In the presence of H2O2, the kinetic degradation parameters of the composites achieved to 0.0634 min?1, which is about 19.8 times of P25.
关键词： ternary composite,photocatalysis,HPW/PDMAEMA-b-PMAA/ZIF-8
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Upgrading the photocatalytic achievement of g-C3N4 nanosheets along decoration with Ag@TiO2 nanospheres for the preparation of vitamin B3
摘要： In this investigation, synthesis of ternary heterojunctions made of g-C3N4 sheets decorated with Ag@TiO2 nanospheres was successfully achieved. The reaction was initially started by combustion routine adopting silica of mesoporous type as a template to fabricate mesoporous C3N4 of graphite-like structure. After that, g-C3N4 nanosheets were decorated with TiO2 nanospheres and then TiO2 nanospheres were doped with Ag. Ag@TiO2/g-C3N4 ternary heterojunctions having 140 m2 g?1 specific surface area were produced. The resultant heterojunctions acquired a limited bandgap (2.26 eV) in addition to 3.4 nm pore size. The resultant Ag@TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were tested applying the photo-catalytic preparation of vitamin B3. It was observed that vitamin B3 could be synthesized adopting mesoporous Ag@TiO2/g-C3N4 ternary heterojunctions with a higher rate (33 times) than that when pristine TiO2 was adopted. The greater photo-catalytic action of the synthesized heterojunction might be correlated to the favorable Vis light absorption as well as the large separation between es and positive holes produced from inclusion of Ti3+ self-doping. In addition, huge amount of active sites was offered owing to the mesoporous network nature of the resultant heterojunctions. Finally, the dopant Ag nanoparticles positively supported the photocatalytic activity by its surface plasma resonance effect.
关键词： Ag@TiO2/g-C3N4 ternary heterojunctions,Vitamin B3,Visible photocatalyst
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Structural and electrical properties of Sb<sub>x</sub>W<sub>1-x</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> (0, 0.5) ternary alloys
摘要： In present article, we demonstrated for the first time the synthesis and properties of SbXW1-XSe2 (0, 0.5) ternary alloys. The crystals of SbXW1-XSe2 (0, 0.5) ternary alloys were grown by direct vapour transport technique. The XRD results confirm the 2H-hexagonal lattice structure with P63/mmc space group and grown crystals are highly crystallographic c-axis oriented. The screw dislocation mechanism is predominating in the growth process of Sb0.5W0.5Se2 crystals. The results of electrical characterization show n-type semiconducting nature. The Raman spectra exhibit peaks corresponding to out of plane A1g, in-plane E2g and 2LA modes of vibration which is attributing the 2H-polymorph of grown SbXW1-XSe2 (0, 0.5) ternary alloys. The results shows substitution of Sb (+5) on W (+4) lattice site due to similar ionic size. The band gap tailoring from 0.93 to 1.40 eV is achieved, suggesting the effective way to tune the material characteristics for high performance devices.
关键词： structural properties,SbXW1-XSe2 (0,Growth of single crystal,0.5) ternary alloys,electrical transport
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Vacuum‐Deposited Bi-ternary Organic Photovoltaics
摘要： Ternary blend organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been introduced to improve solar spectral absorption and reduce energy losses beyond that of binary blend OPVs, but the difficulties in simultaneously optimizing the morphology of three molecular components results in devices that have generally exhibited performance inferior to analogous binary OPVs. Here we introduce a small molecule-based bi-ternary OPV comprising two individual, vacuum deposited binary bulk heterojunctions fused at a planar junction without component intermixing. In contrast to previous reports where the open circuit voltage (VOC) of a conventional, blended ternary cell lies between that of the individual binaries, the VOC of the bi-ternary OPV corresponds to one of the constituent binaries, depending on the order in which they are stacked relative to the anode. Additionally, dipole-induced energy-level realignment between the two binary segments necessary to achieve maximum efficiency is observed only when using donor-acceptor-acceptor’ dipolar donors in the photoactive heterojunctions. The optimized bi-ternary OPV shows improved performance compared to its two constituent binary OPVs, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 10.6 – 0.3% under AM 1.5G 1 sun (100 mW/cm2) simulated illumination with VOC = 0.94 – 0.01 V, a short circuit current density of 16.0 – 0.5 mA cm?2 and a fill factor of 0.70 – 0.01.
关键词： organic photovoltaics,bi-ternary,ternary blend,vacuum deposition,dipolar donors
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Efficient and Photostable Ternary Organic Solar Cells with a Narrow Bandgap Non-Fullerene Acceptor and Fullerene Additive
摘要： Recent breakthroughs in molecular design have allowed for remarkable achievement in the field of non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 15%. However, despite such promising advances, the inferior stability of OSCs under operational conditions remains a prominent challenge that must be overcome for their practical realization. Here, versatile ternary photoactive systems with simultaneously enhanced efficiency and photostability are developed by introducing a small amount of fullerene (PC71BM) into a narrow bandgap NFA-based bulk heterojunction nanocomposite (PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F); this approach leads to an enhanced PCE of 10.55% and a prolonged lifetime, retaining approximately 80% of the initial PCEs after 500 h of operation under continuous illumination. Based on the energy levels and surface energies of the component materials, cascade energetic alignment facilitates electron transfer without trapping. The PTB7-Th/PC71BM interface provides an energy barrier to suppress recombination between holes in PTB7-Th and electrons in IEICO-4F. Moreover, a small amount of PC71BM promotes favorable molecular packing and orientation of IEICO-4F, leading to enhanced electron mobility and balanced charge transport. The study on the transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the ternary blend effectively suppresses the evolution of charge recombination.
关键词： photostability,non-fullerene acceptor,power conversion efficiency,organic solar cells,ternary blend
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59