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Molecular interactions and mutational impact upon rhodopsin (G90→D90) for hindering dark adaptation of eye: A comparative structural level outlook for signaling mechanism in night blindness
摘要： For night blindness, a detailed structural exploration of the interactions among G-protein receptor rhodopsin, transducin and arrestin was performed. Rhodopsin is responsible for dim light vision while a point mutation (G90→D90) results in an adverse change in its photo-transduction. The validated 3D models of the three proteins were utilized, and upon mutation and interactions, rhodopsin attained higher stability (evaluated through thermodynamic energy calculations, electrostatic surface potential and solvent accessible area), thereby participating strongly with transducin. Conformational switches in mutated rhodopsin also depicted a firm conformation with few 310 helices accompanied by increased percentage of pure α-helices and sheets. All evaluations were corroborated through paired T-tests. Glu33 (glycosylated unit in the N-terminal zone) of rhodopsin plays a chief role in the overall interaction pattern. Arg69 and Glu33 from wild-type rhodopsin participated in ionic interactions, while the latter set of ionic interaction remained preserved even after mutation. Cys323 (C-terminal residue) and Arg69 formed H-bonds from the wild-type rhodopsin. Cys323 exceptionally supports cellular signaling pattern in the non-mutated situation and for the non-sufferers of night-blindness. Ser297 and Tyr43 from mutated rhodopsin reside in helices and interact with Thr32 of transducin, preserving the steady conformation in activated interacted state, even in the dark. Ser297 lies adjoined to Lys296 (retinal attachment site), which resides in NPXXY motif (an 'activation switch' for signal transduction). Thus, the molecular facet for involvement of photo-transduction, which holds a paramount zone in ophthalmology, was dealt with. This might instigate the future prospect for drug discovery to prevent such mutations.
关键词： Rhodopsin,Thermodynamic Stabilities,Conformational Fluctuations,Mutational Impact
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Chalcogenide Materials and Derivatives for Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Chalcogenide AB(S,Se)3 materials have recently attracted increased attention as they could simultaneously solve both the stability and toxicity issues faced by conventional perovskite solar cells. Computer-aided design of metal chalcogenide semiconductors has experienced important progress over the past few years, leading to the discovery of very promising AB(S,Se)3 compounds and derivatives for application as absorbers in thin-film photovoltaic devices. Experimental evidence demonstrates that the synthesis of such compounds is possible, confirming the theoretical predictions, although more research work needs to be done to further investigate the optoelectrical properties of the corresponding thin films. With the aim to provide an exhaustive starting point to further develop chalcogenide absorbers and related devices, this Review presents both an overview of the predicted chalcogenide materials and interesting derivatives for thin-film solar cells applications, as well as a summary of the synthesis techniques developed so far to prepare such materials. The possible challenges that can be encountered during the development of chalcogenide-based solar cells are also discussed.
关键词： lead-free perovskites,chalcogenides,solar cells,computational materials designs,thermodynamic stabilities
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59