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Efficient Nanorod Arrays Perovskite Solar Cells: A Suitable Structure for High Strontium-Substitution in a Nature Environment
摘要： Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research hotspot because of their excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE), but the presence of toxic lead (Pb) in perovskite film has significantly limited their commercial application. In this study, using a TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNRAs) as the electron transport layer (ETL), strontium chloride (SrCl2) was chosen to fabricate lead-less PSCs in air environment (relative humidity, RH=50%) by a simple two-step spin-coating method. The influence of introduced strontium (Sr) on the perovskite films and cell properties was systematically investigated by various characterization methods. With increasing Sr substitution amount from 0 to 15 mol%, the formed perovskite films with a compact structure and a large crystalline size essentially remained invariable, while residual PbI2 was reduced, which is beneficial for the cell performance. The optimal PCE of 16.08% (average PCE = 15.37%) was obtained for the 5 mol% Sr-substituted PSCs because of the enhanced charge extraction from the perovskite film to the TNRAs and the suppressed charge recombination in the PSC. Both the humidity and thermal stability of the Sr-substituted PSCs were improved. More importantly, the 15 mol% Sr-substituted PSCs still exhibited a PCE of 15.09% in air (RH = 50%), maintaining 99% of the cell efficiency of the pristine (0 mol% Sr) PSC (15.27%), suggesting that the TNRAs structure is suitable for synthesis of high Sr-substituted lead-less PSCs.
关键词： Lead-less perovskite solar cells,TiO2 nanorod arrays,Defect density,Strontium substitution,Recombination
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Sol–gel approach for the growth of vertically aligned 3D-TiO2 nanorod arrays as an efficient photoanode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells
摘要： In this study, a facile, low cost, and scalable sol–gel method has been proposed for the coating of ultra-thin layer of TiO2 on FTO substrate as a seed layer for the growth of 3D-TiO2 nanorod (3D-TiO2-NR) arrays on FTO. Then, the two-step hydrothermal process including nanorod growth and the chemical etching treatment was proceeded for the fabrication of FTO/3D-TiO2-NR photoanodes. The thickness of the deposited TiO2 in FTO/TiO2-sg samples was measured with small-angle X-ray scattering technique, and it was obtained to be 21.3 nm. FE-SEM and TEM techniques were used for the morphological characterization of 3D-TiO2-NR, and it was obtained that the tightly adhered film of vertically aligned 3D-TiO2-NR with two-layer nanostructuring is formed with a cubic base and a nanorods head. Finally, DSSCs with iodine-based and cobalt(II/III) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complex-based electrolytes with two different photoanodes including 3D-TiO2-NR and TiO2-NP were assembled and their photovoltaic characteristics were investigated. For [Co(bpy)3]2+/3+ shuttle-based DSSC, the obtained power conversion efficiency (η) was about 3.5% with Jsc of 9.36 mA cm?2 in 3D-TiO2-NR-based DSSC, while η of TiO2-NP-based DSSC was about 1.4%. The results showed that employing 3D-TiO2-NR-based photoanode in DSSCs with bulky electron shuttles remarkably improves the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies also showed the lower charge transfer resistances for DSSCs with nanorod-based photoanode building blocks.
关键词： Adhesion,Electron shuttle,TiO2 nanorod arrays,DSSC,Cobalt(II/III) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes,Sol–gel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Ag-Ag2S quantum-dots modified TiO2 nanorod arrays with enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties
摘要： In this paper, highly ordered titanium dioxide nanorod (TNR) arrays decorated with Ag-Ag2S quantum-dots (QDs) were synthesized on FTO substrate through hydrothermal treatment and in-situ vulcanization. The content of Ag2S QDs on Ag/TNR was controlled by changing the immersion time of Ag/TNR in the N-N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution containing dissolved sulfur element. The morphology, structure, composition and optical, photoelectric and photocatalytic properties of QDs/TNR arrays were studied in detail. In the visible range, the QDs/TNR array with a soaking time of 12 h exhibits the maximal photocurrent density (0.082 mA/cm2) and photodegradation rate (62.2%), which is 5.5 and 1.85 times higher than that of pure TNR. The improvement of these properties could be attributed to synergy effect between Ag and Ag2S materials. That is, Ag QDs can stably capture and transmit photo-generated electrons from the TNR surface, whereas the Ag2S promoter is regarded as the interface active sites to enhance photocatalytic reactions. Therefore, the synergistic effect of Ag-Ag2S can significantly enhance the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic propertise of the TNR arrays.
关键词： Ag-Ag2S quantum-dots,photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties,synergistic effect,TiO2 nanorod arrays
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36