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Diketopyrrolopyrrole based small molecular semiconductors containing thiazole units for solution-processed n-channel thin-film transistors
摘要： In this work, three diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated small molecular semiconductors characterized by the combination of a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) central core, thiazole π-conjugated moiety, and dicyanovinyl end group with different alkyl side chain substituents, 2TzDPPA1-2DCV, 2TzDPPA2-2DCV, and 2TzDPPA3-2DCV were synthesized. These small molecules have a similar narrow band gap of about 1.50 eV and deep LUMO energy level at -4.30 eV. Under ambient conditions, electron mobilities of 0.28 cm2 V-1 s-1, 0.13 cm2 V-1 s-1, 0.25 cm2 V-1 s-1 for solution processed thin films of 2TzDPPA1-2DCV, 2TzDPPA2-2DCV, and 2TzDPPA3-2DCV were obtained, due to high crystallinity and well-organized molecular stacking. Compared with the other two materials, thin films of 2TzDPPA1-2DCV enable the best OFET performance with desirable Ion / Ioff rates exceeding of 107, attribute to the coefficient of smoother film morphology and stronger crystallinity. These results reveal that introducing the thiazole unit into the DPP-based conjugated skeleton is conducive to enhance the crystallinity and tailor LUMO energy levels which ensure good performance and excellent stability of these molecules as active materials for n-channel electronic devices.
关键词： small molecules,solution-processed n-channel thin-film transistors,thiazole unit,diketopyrrolopyrrole,air stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology] Air-Stable Inverted Organic Light-Emitting Diodes ||
摘要： We introduce the importance of air stability on the basis of the principles and the history of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and the way of realising air-stable OLEDs finally. OLEDs are current-driven self-emitting devices that, in principle, have the features of lightness and thinness. Therefore OLEDs are expected to have unprecedented flexibility. However, it is difficult to achieve air stability in OLEDs, which is the key property for the realisation of flexible devices, because it has been essential to use air-active materials in consideration of the operational mechanism.
关键词： organic electronics,air stability,OLEDs,encapsulation,flexibility
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Silicon Nanoparticle Films Infilled with Al <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>3</sub> using Atomic Layer Deposition for Photosensor, Light Emission and Photovoltaic Applications
摘要： Solution-processed thin films of crystalline silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) have a great potential for a wide variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, such films are inherently unstable due to their huge surface-to-volume ratios and high surface energies, making them prone to degradation associated to spontaneous oxidation in ambient conditions. In this work, we explore the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a means to stabilize and potentially functionalize solution-processed thin films of Si NPs for (opto)electronics e.g. thin-film transistors, photosensors, light-emitting devices, and photovoltaics. We prepared films of randomly distributed Si NPs with ultrashort surface ligands (Si-H termination) using wet-chemistry and spray-coating and then use ALD to infill the films with Al2O3. Through microscopy and optical structural/morphological analysis, we demonstrate the achievability of ALD infilling of films of Si NPs and probe the stability of these films against oxidation. Moreover, we show that the ALD infilling leads to changes in the light emission properties of the Si NP films, including a relative quenching of disorder-related emission features and variations in surface-related dielectric confinement effects. Our studies reveal ALD as a relevant technique toward manufacturing de facto robust, functional nanomaterials based on Si NPs and on nanoscale silicon materials more generally.
关键词： Photoluminescence properties,Nanoparticle film infilling,Silicon nanocrystal films,Air stability,Atomic layer deposition
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Degradation Mechanism Identified for the Fullerene and Non-fullerene based Organic Solar Cells under Ambient Condition
摘要： Solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) have becoming a promising photovoltaic technology for a low-cost electricity generation. However, poor stability of OSCs is still a severe problem need to be understood and solved for future application. In this work, we conducted an air stability study for both fullerene and non-fullerene based OSCs. As a result, the degradation mechanism was found different for these two types of OSCs. The Urbach energy determined the EQE measurement indicates that the air-degradation in fullerene based OSCs is mainly ascribed to its increased energetic disorder. Differently, the photoluminescence (PL) measurement implied that the air-degradation in non-fullerene based OSCs mainly results from the degraded charge dissociation and energy transfer ability. Therefore, different stability improving strategy will be needed for fullerene and non-fullerene based OSCs in future.
关键词： non-fullerene,air stability,degradation mechanism,fullerene,organic solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly Air-Stable Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells through Grain-Surface Protection by Gallic Acid
摘要： Maintaining the stability of tin halide perovskites is a major challenge in developing lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Adding extra SnX2 (X=F, Cl, Br) in the precursor solution to inhibit Sn2+ oxidation is an essential strategy to improve the device efficiency and stability. However, SnX2 on the surface of perovskite grains tends to prohibit charge transfer across perovskite films. Here, we report a coadditive engineering approach by introducing antioxidant gallic acid (GA) together with SnCl2 to improve the performance of tin–based PSCs. The SnCl2–GA complex can not only protect the perovskite grains but also more effectively conduct electrons across it, leading to highly stable and efficient PSCs. The unencapsulated devices can maintain ~ 80% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h storage in ambient air with a relative humidity of 20%, which is the best air stability that can be achieved in tin-based PSCs until now.
关键词： air stability,coadditive engineering,tin-based perovskite solar cells,SnCl2–GA complex,gallic acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Air exposure oxidation and photooxidation of solution-phase treated PbS quantum dot thin films and solar cells
摘要： The air exposure oxidation mechanisms of PbS quantum dot (QD) thin films and solar cells are studied in the current paper. As a novel and advantageous method, QD thin films were prepared by the single-step deposition of colloidal QDs treated with different ligands of butylamine (BA), mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), tetra-butylammonium iodide (TBAI), methylammonium iodide (MAI) and methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3, perovskite). Photoluminescence (PL) measurements evaluated the stability of different surface treated PbS QDs during the colloidal to thin film transformation, and over the air exposure times. Blue-shift and quenching the PL spectra suggested rapid oxidation of QD thin films at the first times of air exposure. However, the oxidation rates significantly reduced for the QD thin films treated with organic MPA and all the inorganic ligands. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies, thin films oxidation accompanied with the formation of PbSO3 and PbSO4 compounds on the (100) facets of PbS QDs. Although MAPbI3 treatment led to the complete passivation of QDs in the air, perovskite shelling partially oxidized to PbO and PbCO3 compounds. Furthermore, the PL enhancement phenomenon observed at the first times of air exposure for the TBAI and MAPbI3-treated QD thin films, as a result of their strong surface passivation as well as the photoenhancement and photoelectrification mechanisms. Eventually, p-n and p-i-n structured solar cells were fabricated by the single-step deposition of solution-phase treated PbS QD inks. In this case, inorganic surface treatments not only increased the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells, but also led to a high stability of fabricated devices in the air environment (lower than 1% PCE loss after 500 h of storage in the air).
关键词： PbS quantum dot,Solar cell,Ligand,Photooxidation,Thin film,Air stability
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Aqueous-Soluble Naphthalene Diimide-Based Polymer Acceptors for Efficient and Air-Stable All-Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： Aqueous-processed all-polymer solar cells (aq-APSCs) are reported for the first time by developing a series of water/ethanol-soluble naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based polymer acceptors P(NDIDEG-T), P(NDITEG-T), and P(NDITEG-T2). Polymer acceptors are designed by using the backbones of NDI-bithiophene and NDI-thiophene in combination with non-ionic hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side chains that facilitate processability in water/ethanol mixtures. All three polymers exhibit sufficient solubility (20-50 mg mL?1) in the aqueous medium. The P(NDIDEG-T) polymer with shorter OEG side chains is the most crystalline with the highest electron mobility, enabling the fabrication of efficient aq-APSCs with the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.15%. Furthermore, these aq-APSCs are fabricated under ambient atmosphere by taking advantage of the eco-friendly aqueous process and, importantly, the devices exhibit outstanding air-stability without any encapsulation, as evident by maintaining more than 90% of the initial PCE in air after 4 days. According to a double cantilever beam test, the interfacial adhesion properties between the active layer and electron/hole transporting layers were remarkably improved by incorporating the hydrophilic OEG-attached photoactive layer, which hinders the delamination of the constituent layers and prevents the increase of series resistance, ultimately leading to enhanced durability under ambient conditions. The combination of increased device stability and minimized environmental impact of these aq-APSCs demonstrates them to be worthy candidates for continued development of scalable polymer solar cells.
关键词： eco-friendly solution process,aqueous process,air-stability,all-polymer solar cells,oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side chain
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Ambient Processable and Stable All-Polymer Organic Solar Cells
摘要： In this work, the way in which ambient moisture impacts the photovoltaic performance of conventional PCBM and emerging polymer acceptor–based organic solar cells is examined. The device performance of two representative p-type polymers, PBDB-T and PTzBI, blended with either PCBM or polymeric acceptor N2200, is systemically investigated. In both cases, all-polymer photovoltaic devices processed from high-humidity ambient conditions exhibit significantly enhanced moisture-tolerance compared to their polymer–PCBM counterparts. The impact of moisture on the blend film morphology and electronic properties of the electron acceptor (N2200 vs PCBM), which results in different recombination kinetics and electron transporting properties, are further compared. The impact of more comprehensive ambient conditions (moisture, oxygen, and thermal stress) on the long-term stability of the unencapsulated devices is also investigated. All-polymer solar cells show stable performance for long periods of storage time under ambient conditions. The authors believe that these findings demonstrate that all-polymer solar cells can achieve high device performance with ambient processing and show excellent long-term stability against oxygen and moisture, which situate them in an advantageous position for practical large-scale production of organic solar cells.
关键词： recombination,long-term air stability,all-polymer solar cells,ambient processability
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Kyoto, Japan (2019.7.2-2019.7.5)] 2019 26th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD) - Recent Progress in Inverted OLEDs: Mechanism of Electron Injection without Use of Alkali Metals
摘要： Inverted organic light-emitting diodes (iOLEDs) without the use of alkali metals have attracted extensive attention owing to the demand for the realization of flexible OLEDs that do not require stringent encapsulation; however, the advantage of iOLEDs and the device physics in iOLEDs have seldom been discussed. We show the advantage of iOLEDs over the conventional OLEDs from the fact that the luminance of a conventional-OLED-based flexible display decreases rapidly, whereas our iOLED-based flexible display exhibits approximately half of its initial luminance even after about 392 d. Electrons are injected into iOLEDs effectively by utilizing the solution process and a suitable dopant that can reduce the surface work function.
关键词： air stability,flexible displays,Inverted OLEDs,electron injection,alkali metals
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A Highly Stable Organic Radical Cation
摘要： Functionalization of a methylviologen with four methyl ester substituents significantly facilitates the first two reduction steps. The easily generated radical cation shows markedly improved air stability compared to the parent methylviologen, making this derivative of interest in organic electronic applications.
关键词： organic electronics,air stability,methylviologen,radical cation,electron-withdrawing groups
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14