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Green method by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and spectral region selection for the quantification of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in pharmaceutical formulations
摘要： An alternative method for the quantification of sulphametoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and partial least square regression (PLS) was developed. Interval Partial Least Square (iPLS) and Synergy Partial Least Square (siPLS) were applied to select a spectral range that provided the lowest prediction error in comparison to the full-spectrum model. Fifteen commercial tablet formulations and forty-nine synthetic samples were used. The ranges of concentration considered were 400 to 900 mg g-1 SMZ and 80 to 240 mg g-1 TMP. Spectral data were recorded between 600 and 4000 cm-1 with a 4 cm-1 resolution by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The proposed procedure was compared to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained from the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), during the validation of the models for samples of sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) using siPLS, demonstrate that this approach is a valid technique for use in quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. The selected interval algorithm allowed building regression models with minor errors when compared to the full spectrum PLS model. A RMSEP of 13.03 mg g-1 for SMZ and 4.88 mg g-1 for TMP was obtained after the selection the best spectral regions by siPLS.
关键词： green analytical method,diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy,interval partial least squares (iPLS),chemometrics,synergy partial least squares (siPLS),high performance liquid chromatography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A direct and safe method for plutonium determination using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
摘要： A direct, simple and safe micro-analytical method for the determination of plutonium (Pu) using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry is reported for the first time. The TXRF specimens were made by depositing sample solution aliquots containing 100–160 ng of Pu on quartz sample supports. The TXRF specimens of Pu, thus prepared after drying, were further isolated by dropcasting 10% collodion solution in amyl acetate on the sample spots. This novel methodology fixes Pu on TXRF supports, thus avoiding loose radioactive particles in TXRF specimens. These operations were carried out inside a fume hood. Since the analyte amount required for analysis was in ng levels, Pu particles fixed on the supports were in a non-dispersible form and the analysis was performed without touching the sample spot, there was no risk of Pu contamination, when these specimens were handled in the ambient atmosphere. The developed methodology showed the average precision of TXRF values as 3% (1s, n = 3) and the average deviation of TXRF determined values from the expected values was 6% with a sample size of 100–160 ng of Pu and measurement time of 2000 seconds. The detection limit for Pu was 0.4 ng. The studies resulted in the development of a TXRF compositional characterization method for precious, hazardous and radioactive samples without putting the instrument inside a glove box and thus, avoiding complicated handling of the spectrometer inside the glove box as well as minimizing the sample amount, radiation dose and the radioactive waste generation.
关键词： plutonium determination,TXRF spectrometry,micro-analytical method,radioactive samples,collodion isolation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) - Mashhad (2018.5.8-2018.5.10)] Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Iranian Conference on - Analytical Approaches for Determining Optimal Tilt Angle and Orientation of PV Modules Considering Regional Climate Conditions
摘要： The increasing growth of solar power plants installation necessitates performing accurate investigations on new methods to find optimum tilt angel and orientation of photovoltaic (PV) panels. Using optimum methods increases collected solar irradiance, and consequently, maximize the expected annual harvested energy, which means better financial performance of PV power plants. In this paper, the optimum tilt angle and orientation of PV panels are calculated by introducing two accurate analytic methods, which take into account the climate conditions of the installation region by considering wind speed, irradiance and ambient temperature. The results of this paper, which are supported by Monte Carlo simulation, indicate that compared with the traditional method, an increase in expected annual produced energy of solar panels is achievable using the optimum tilt angel and orientation calculated by the presented methods.
关键词： photovoltaic,orientation,analytical method,Monte Carlo,tilt angle
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A green approach for the quantification of daptomycin in pharmaceutical formulation by UV spectrophotometry
摘要： Daptomycin is the first approved drug from a new class of antimicrobials, the cyclic lipopeptides, and is a very important antimicrobial agent in current clinical practice. Currently, there are no “green” analytical methods described in the literature to analyze the typical pharmaceutical dosage form of daptomycin. Thus, the aim of this work was to validate an environment-friendly spectrophotometric method in the UV region, for the analysis of daptomycin as a lyophilized powder. Water was used as diluent and the analyses were carried out on a spectrophotometer at 221 nm. The method met all validation requirements of the ICH guidelines, over a concentration range of 6-21 μg mL-1. A Student’s t-test demonstrated that the proposed method was comparable to an HPLC method previously validated. Thus, the validated spectrophotometric method could quantify daptomycin in a powder form for injectable solutions, while being an economical, rapid, and “green” alternative for routine analysis in quality control.
关键词： Antimicrobials/quality control,Daptomycin/determination,Spectrophotometry/green analytical method,Spectrophotometry/UV region/quantitative analysis
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Fluorescent Chemosensor for Quantitation of Multiple Atmospheric Gases
摘要： Recently, the sensing and monitoring of gases from ambient as well as industrial sources has gained a great importance in order to ensure occupational hygiene, public health, and societal welfare. The development of new technologies for visualizing and detecting gases at trace levels is imperative for various applications. There exist several established traditional methods to detect different gases. In this article, we review the latest trends in the area of fluorescence sensing of gas molecules, which is a high sensitivity technique with minimum or negligible interferences. The gas sensors fabricated with the use of fluorescent nanoparticles as detecting elements possess special feature, like high surface-to-volume ratios, ultra sensitivity, enhanced selectivity, cost effectiveness, and fast response. The inherent properties of the related systems, e.g. a large fluorescence lifetime, nanoscale particle size and a tunable zeta potential, make it possible to devise fluorescent sensors with an attractive pathway of fluorescence ‘off–on’. Several fluorimetric methods are known to detect specific gases from the atmospheric gaseous samples with satisfactory detection results. Modern fluorescent gas sensors are did not cause interference from the co-pollutants thus making the fluorimetric sensing process to be quantitative as well as specific.
关键词： Atmospheric environmental sample,Fluorescent gas sensor,Job’s plot,Fluorescent organic nanoparticles,Analytical method,Fluorescence lifetime
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14