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Laser-induced photothermal generation of flexible and salt-resistant monolithic bilayer membranes for efficient solar desalination
摘要： Harvesting solar energy and generating steam through solar thermal energy are viable approaches with diverse applications such as power generation, desalination, and water purification. Particularly, for efficient and stable solar desalination, hierarchically porous materials are desired to enable the required multiple functionalities. However, high thermal/chemical energy required and time consumed remain roadblocks. In this study, a facile, fast, and scalable laser-induced photothermal method to achieve flexible monolithic bilayer sheets (MBS) of hierarchically porous graphitic carbon (HPGC) and polymeric foam for use in salt-resistant and flexible solar steam generators is reported. The MBS-based self-floating solar steam generator shows outstanding solar desalination performance with a solar thermal efficiency of 83.2% (1-sun) and a high salt-rejection ratio (99.9%). Efficient solar thermal energy transformation is achieved by the versatile multi-functionalities of the MBS, including broad-spectrum solar light absorption, heat localization, and capillary action. Anisotropic wetting properties of hydrophobic HPGC and hydrophilic polyimide (PI) foam effectively prevent salt accumulation on the HPGC surface. The salt-resistant MBS enable long-term stability for solar desalination with actual seawater. Our laser-based photothermal method has potential in the development of high-performance solar thermal systems with substantial cost reduction by scalable production of multiscale hierarchically structured materials from micro-structured polymers.
关键词： monolithic bilayer structures,solar evaporation,porous polyimide,salt-resistant solar steam generators,self-floating,flexibility,laser-induced graphene
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Electron Transport Bilayer with Cascade Energy Alignment for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Energy alignment between electron transport layers (ETLs) and perovskite has a strong influence on the device performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Two approaches are deployed to tune the energy level of ETLs: 1) doping ETLs with aliovalent metal cations and 2) constructing heterojunction bilayers with different materials. However, the abrupt interfaces in the heterojunction bilayers introduce undesirable carrier recombination. Herein, a homojunction bilayer ETL is developed by stacking Sb-doped SnO2 (Sb-SnO2) and SnO2 ETLs via low-temperature spin-coating processes. The energy levels of ETLs are tuned by the incorporation of Sb and altering stacking orders. Bilayer ETL of Sb-SnO2/SnO2 with cascade energy alignment promotes the best power conversion efficiency of 20.73%, surpassing single-layer ETLs of SnO2 (18.23%) and Sb-SnO2 (19.15%), whereas the SnO2/Sb-SnO2 bilayer with barricade energy alignment receives the poorest device performance. The cascade bilayer ETL facilitates charge separation and suppresses carrier recombination in PSCs, which is verified by photoluminescence, conductivity, and impedance characterizations. The homojunction bilayer ETLs with adjustable energy levels open a new direction for interface engineering toward efficient PSCs.
关键词： electron transport layers,perovskite solar cells,energy alignments,bilayer structures,tin dioxide
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04