- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Evaluation of the effectiveness of infrared light-emitting diode photobiomodulation in children with sleep bruxism
摘要： Background: Sleep bruxism is a masticatory muscle activity characterized as rhythmic (phasic) or nonrhythmic (tonic). In children and adolescents, etiological factors, such as breathing pattern and sleep quality, have recently been addressed in studies investigating sleep bruxism. New therapies for adults, such as botulinum toxin, have been investigated, but such techniques are not applicable for individuals in the growth and development phase. Methods: The participants will be 76 children, which will be randomly allocated to a control group, that is group 1, absence of bruxism; group 2, children with bruxism treated with infrared light-emitting diode (LED); and group 3, bruxism treated with occlusal splint. All participants will be submitted to a clinical evaluation to evaluate muscle activity and salivary biomarkers, before and after treatments. Muscle activity will be veri?ed by electromyography of muscles mastication, masseter and temporal, and salivary biomarkers observed will be cortisol and dopamine levels. Discussion: Photobiomodulation therapy has piqued the interest of researchers, as this noninvasive method has demonstrated positive results in problems related to muscle tissues. This document describes the protocol for a proposed study to evaluate morphological and psychosocial aspects in children and adolescents with awake bruxism and their responses to photo-biomodulation therapy with infrared LED.
关键词： LED,electromyography,children,sleep bruxism,salivary biomarkers
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Beyond the H&E: Advanced Technologies for in situ Tissue Biomarker Imaging
摘要： For decades, histopathology with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining has been and remains the gold standard for reaching a morphologic diagnosis in tissue samples from humans and veterinary species. However, within the past decade, there has been exponential growth in advanced techniques for in situ tissue biomarker imaging that bridge the divide between anatomic and molecular pathology. It is now possible to simultaneously observe localization and expression magnitude of multiple protein, nucleic acid, and molecular targets in tissue sections and apply machine learning to synthesize vast, image-derived datasets. As these technologies become more sophisticated and widely available, a team-science approach involving subspecialists with medical, engineering, and physics backgrounds is critical to upholding quality and validity in studies generating these data. The purpose of this manuscript is to detail the scientific premise, tools and training, quality control, and data collection and analysis considerations needed for the most prominent advanced imaging technologies currently applied in tissue sections: immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, laser capture microdissection, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic/optical methods. We conclude with a brief overview of future directions for ex vivo and in vivo imaging techniques.
关键词： laser capture microdissection,immunohistochemistry,quality control,in situ hybridization,biomarkers,molecular pathology,fluorescence microscopy,MALDI
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
-
Detection of Various Biomarkers and Enzymes via Nanocluster-Based Fluorescence Turn-On Sensing Platform
摘要： The profiling of disease-related biomarkers is an essential procedure for the accurate diagnosis and intervention of metabolic disorders. Therefore, the development of ultrasensitive and highly selective fluorogenic biosensors for diverse biomarkers is extremely desirable. There is still a considerable challenge to prepare nanocluster-based fluorescence turn-on probes capable of recognizing multiple biomolecules. We herein provide a novel nanocluster-based chemical information processing system (CIPS) for the programmable detecting various metabolites and enzymes. This CIPS consists of the biocatalytic reactions between substrates and their respective oxidases to generate H2O2, which was then employed to synthesize bright fluorescent silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs). Utilizing this system, we are able to accurately probe a series of substrates/ corresponding oxidases with high sensitivity and specificity, including glucose/ glucose oxidase, uric acid/ uric acid oxidase, sarcosine/ sarcosine oxidase, choline/ choline oxidase, xanthine/ xanthine oxidase, and lactic acid/ lactic acid oxidase. Furthermore, this metabolite profiling CIPS can integrate with binary logic operations, which create an intelligently tool for the high throughput screening of various diseases in vitro (e.g., diabetes, gout, prostate cancer, cardiovascular disease, and lactic acidosis).
关键词： nanocluster-based fluorescence turn-on sensing platform,silver nanoclusters,chemical information processing system,biomarkers,enzymes
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
Recent Advances in Design of Fluorescence-based Assays for High-throughput Screening
摘要： Significant improvements in disease management have been achieved in the past few decades. Using cancer as an example, survival rates have increased dramatically in economically developed countries, according to the World Cancer Report published by WHO in 2014.1 One of the highlights is the average 5-year survival rate of children diagnosed before the age of 15 years in Britain increased from less than 30% in 1966-70 to almost 80% in 1996-2000. The improvement can be attributed to the establishment of early screening and awareness programs, identification of a large number of genetic or non-genetic risk factors or markers, and availability of diverse therapeutic strategies including surgery and treatments using radioactive reagents, small molecules, or biological drugs. Still, cancer remains one of the major causes of deaths worldwide, affecting millions of people. Survival rates in developing countries are poor, and the global and regional burden of cancer in terms of both incidence and mortality keep increasing along with the growing population and aging society. Further improvement heavily relies on early diagnosis, wide access to treatment options, and discovery of more effective biomarkers as well as anticancer drugs with high efficacy. Such demands are also applied to diagnosis and cure for all other diseases, calling for rapid advancements in high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies that can efficiently test a large number of targets and samples, monitor diverse enzymatic processes in situ, and effectively identify biologically active substances.2
关键词： Fluorescence-based assays,High-throughput screening,Disease diagnosis,Drug discovery,Biomarkers
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
Silicon photomultipliers applied to the fluorescence detection of biomarkers
摘要： The silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) has advantages that allow it to detect low levels of light intensity in medical, chemical and biological applications; it can also build integrated, portable microfluidic systems. This paper presents a SIPM application designed for the detection of fluorescence of biomarkers. In order to minimise the volume of the tested sample, the measurements were conducted in a microfluidic system. A data acquisition system for the SiPM has been designed consisting of a dedicated application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) required to amplify and shape signals from the photodetector. The application has been designed with the aim of transforming it into a portable device. The detection method chosen in the research is based on flow cytometry and single molecule detection [1,2]. Although only a single photodetector was used, the presented applications can be adapted to multi-detector measurements. Initially, the application measured the fluorescence of fluorophores. Afterwards, it was used in the detection of Anti-NPR1 to confirm the effectiveness of the method. The application is not dedicated to a single antigen. It can be applied for the detection of a vast range of biomarkers.
关键词： Biomarkers,Fluorescence detection,Silicon photomultiplier
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
Multimodal Imaging in Lung Cancer: It Is Time to Change
摘要： The imaging techniques can be classified into two main groups: Structural/morphological imaging (SMI), which includes X rays (XR), computed tomography (CT), ultrasounds (US) as well as some varieties of magnetic resonance (MRI), and shows anatomic-morphological aspects, and molecular imaging (MI), which includes nuclear medicine (SPECT, PET), fMRI, optical and nanosystems techniques, and provides information about biochemistry/biological activity, often before structural changes. According to Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, MI “is the visualization, characterization, and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels in humans and other living systems”. MI procedures are noninvasive, safe and painless. Its sensitivity is greater than SMI, but it lacks anatomical detail, which has led to the development of multimodal imaging, combining structural and molecular techniques, widely used at present in daily practice. The pillars of MI are biochemistry/biology, instrumentation and software, and its cycle is the following: study of biology/biochemistry of a process, establishment/definition of specific targets, and development of tracers, preclinical imaging, histological validation and finally clinical imaging. This new concept led to the individualized diagnostic and treatment, being the patient the center of the medical activity. “As opposed to the doctor-centric, curative model of the past, the future is going to be patient-centric and proactive” said Dr. Zerhouni (NIH Medline Plus Winter 2007). The doctor must adapt to the needs of the own patient and this fact requires a true change of heart, because MI is intimately tied to the biology of the disease to analyzing. A new and strong interrelationship came into being: a bidirectional system biology-imaging that will allow to be much more effective in the daily practice, not only in relation to diagnosis (specific and early), but also with therapy (guide cancer treatment selection and evaluate early treatment response). There is an absolute necessity to lock the two together. Likewise, in the future the biology of a disease will indicate us what is the most adequate imaging technique and vice versa. In this regard, we know that in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ALK+ status is associated with distinct characteristics at CT imaging (CT radiogenomic characterization) [1], and that in lung adenocarcinomas 18F-FDG uptake values are related with expression levels of cellular Glucose Transporters and EGFR mutations. For this reason, different EGFR mutations correlate with different FDG uptake values.
关键词： Small Cell Lung Cancer,PET,Biomarkers,CT,MRI,Lung Cancer,Molecular Imaging,Multimodal Imaging,Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,Structural/Morphological Imaging
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
-
Metabolic Volumetric Parameters in <sup>11</sup> C-Choline PET/MR Are Superior PET Imaging Biomarkers for Primary High-Risk Prostate Cancer
摘要： Purpose. Positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) can facilitate the use of noninvasive imaging biomarkers in clinical prostate cancer staging. Although multiparametric MRI is a widely used technique, the clinical value of simultaneous PET imaging remains unclear. This study aimed at investigating this issue. Methods. Between January 2015 and December 2016, 31 high-risk prostate cancer patients underwent 11C-choline PET/MRI for staging purposes. Clinical characteristics and imaging parameters, including the standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic volumetric parameters from PET imaging; apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from diffusion-weighted imaging; and volume transfer rate constant (Ktrans), reflux rate constant (Kep), and initial area under curve (iAUC) in 60 seconds from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI were analyzed. Results. 11C-Choline PET imaging parameters were significantly correlated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and metabolic volumetric parameters, including metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and uptake volume product (UVP), showed significant correlations with other MRI parameters. In our cohort analysis, the PET/MRI parameters UVP/minimal ADC value (ADCmin) and kurtosis of Kep (Kepkur)/ADCmin were significant predictors for progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02, p = 0.031 and HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.16, p = 0.009, respectively) in multivariate Cox regression analysis. High UVP/ADCmin and Kepkur/ADCmin values were significantly associated with shorter PFS. Conclusions. Metabolic volumetric parameters such as MTV and UVP can be routinely used as PET imaging biomarkers to add prognostic value and show better correlations in combination with MR imaging parameters in high-risk prostate cancer patients undergoing 11C-choline PET/MRI.
关键词： 11C-choline,metabolic volumetric parameters,imaging biomarkers,PET/MRI,prostate cancer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
-
Resistive Index of Ophthalmic Artery as a Bioimaging Biomarker for the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy
摘要： Objective: To assess the resistive index (RI) of ophthalmic artery (OA) and central retinal artery (CRA) as a bioimaging biomarker for the severity of diabetic retinopathy, for the first time. Design: Tertiary care center based cross sectional study. Setting: RI in OA and CRA was studied using color Doppler and gray scale sonography. Central Subfield Thickness (CST), Cube Average Thickness (CAT), retinal photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption, and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness were studied using SD-OCT. Participants: Sample size was calculated using 95% confidence interval. 69 consecutive cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus between the ages of 40 and 70 years were included after informed consent. According to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification cases were grouped as: diabetes mellitus with no retinopathy (No DR) (n=22); non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (n=25); and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) (n=22). Healthy control subjects of similar age were included (n=22). Main outcome measures: RI in OA and CRA. Results: A significant increase in RI of OA and CRA was observed with increased severity of DR. A significant positive correlation of RI of OA and CRA with CST, CAT and grades of EZ disruption and a negative correlation with RNFL thickness was observed. RI of OA was found to be a significant independent predictor of severity of DR [multivariate analysis OR=0.00, p<0.001; area under receiver operating characteristic curve analysis=0.941-1.000, p<0.001]. Conclusions: Resistive index of OA is a bio imaging biomarker for the severity of DR.
关键词： Retinal nerve fiber layer,Ophthalmic artery,Central retinal artery,Optical coherence tomography,Biomarkers,Resistive index,Diabetic retinopathy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
-
Influence of Water Molecules on the Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Cancer Biomarkers by Nanocomposite Quantum Resistive Vapor Sensors vQRS
摘要： The anticipated diagnosis of various fatal diseases from the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) biomarkers of the volatolome is the object of very dynamic research. Nanocomposite-based quantum resistive vapor sensors (vQRS) exhibit strong advantages in the detection of biomarkers, as they can operate at room temperature with low consumption and sub ppm (part per million) sensitivity. However, to meet this application they need to detect some ppm or less amounts of biomarkers in patients' breath, skin, or urine in complex blends of numerous VOC, most of the time hindered by a huge amount of water molecules. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the effects of moisture on the chemo-resistive sensing behavior of carbon nanotubes based vQRS. We show that in the presence of water molecules, the sensors cannot detect the right amount of VOC molecules present in their environment. These perturbations of the detection mechanism are found to depend on the chemical interactions between water and other VOC molecules, but also on their competitive absorption on sensors receptive sites, located at the nanojunctions of the conductive architecture. This complex phenomenon studied with down to 12.5 ppm of acetone, ethanol, butanone, toluene, and cyclohexane mixed with 100 ppm of water was worth to investigate in the prospect of future developments of devices analysing real breath samples in which water can reach a concentration of 6%.
关键词： conductive polymer nanocomposites,anticipated diagnosis,effects of humidity,VOC,quantum resistive vapor sensors,functionalized carbon nanotubes,biomarkers detection
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14