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Octadecyltrichlorosilane Capped Au Nanodot Arrays as Hydrophobic Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate for Biomedical Applications
摘要： Plasmonic nanostructures provide as a highly active-SERS substrate that can potentially achieve biomolecules detection. However, the detection of highly diluted, small volume analyte detection remains an urgent problem, due to the diffuse over the hydrophilic surfaces, which far from the plasmonic sensitive areas and limits the SERS detection sensitivity. In this study, we describe the fabrication and characterization of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) capped gold nanodot (Au ND) arrays, the combination of hydrophobic surfaces and nanoplasmonics, and demonstrates their suitability as hydrophobic SERS active substrate for biomedical application. The activity of OTS capped Au ND arrays as SERS substrate was experimentally verified using Rhodamine B as an analyte. This substrate showed 3-fold signal enhancement compared to the ordinary hydrophilic Au ND arrays due to the hydrophobic condensation effect. It is expected that the OTS capped Au ND arrays can be lead to development of a highly sensitive and selective tool for biomedical applications using SERS detection.
关键词： Gold Nanodot Arrays,Octadecyltrichlorosilane,Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering,Hydrophobic,Plasmonic Structure,Biomedical Application
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Normalization of <sup>11</sup> C-autoradiographic images for semi-quantitative analysis of woody tissue photosynthesis
摘要： To understand plant survival and mortality during drought it is important to gain better insights into the different mechanisms contributing to both the carbon budget and the hydraulic functioning of plants. However, the role of internally transported carbon dioxide (CO2) in xylem together with related woody tissue photosynthesis is often neglected. Trees contain large amounts of CO2 (often between 3 and 10%, and sometimes exceeding 20%), which is substantially higher than the atmospheric CO2 concentration (c. 0.04%). It is known that a portion of this locally respired CO2 escapes to the atmosphere during transport and that photosynthetic active cells in woody tissues or leaves can fix another portion. A new approach for direct visualization of woody tissue (stem) photosynthesis is presented in this study and using a radioactive 11C-tracer and autoradiographic imaging. To allow semi-quantitative comparison of woody tissue photosynthesis between different branches, a normalization method is required. We developed such a normalization technique by taking into account: (i) the radioactivity at the start of the experiment; (ii) the labeling time; (iii) the start and (iv) duration of exposure of the branch to the autoradiographic phosphor screen. In addition to these time-related parameters, we also accounted for total transpiration during the labeling experiment.
关键词： biomedical imaging,woody tissue photosynthesis,positron autoradiography
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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An efficient sampling algorithm for uncertain abnormal data detection in biomedical image processing and disease prediction
摘要： In this paper, we propose a computer information processing algorithm that can be used for biomedical image processing and disease prediction. A biomedical image is considered a data object in a multi-dimensional space. Each dimension is a feature that can be used for disease diagnosis. We introduce a new concept of the top (k1, k2) outlier. It can be used to detect abnormal data objects in the multi-dimensional space. This technique focuses on uncertain space, where each data object has several possible instances with distinct probabilities. We design an efficient sampling algorithm for the top (k1, k2) outlier in uncertain space. Some improvement techniques are used for acceleration. Experiments show our methods' high accuracy and high efficiency.
关键词： uncertain,outlier,computer information processing,Biomedical image,disease diagnosis,abnormal detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Edge-illumination x-ray phase contrast imaging restoration using discrete curvelet regularization transform
摘要： This article considers the problem of recovering edge-illumination x-ray phase contrast (EIXPC) images from a set of potentially Poisson noisy projection measurements. The authors cast a recovery as a sparse regularization problem based on Anscombe multiscale variance stabilizing transform (MS-VST) with fast discrete curvelet transform which was applied to simulated edge-illumination x-ray phase contrast images. For accurate modelling, the noise characteristics of the EIXPCi data are used to determine the relative importance of each projection. Two implementations of curvelet sparse regularization transforms were applied, including the unequally-spaced fast Fourier transform and the wrapping-based transform. The algorithms were evaluated in terms of contrast improvement, quality of image restoration, object perceptibility, and peak signal-to-noise ratio. The methods provide nearly optimal solution without excessive memory and recovery time requirement. The performance of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated through a series of complex numerical geometric and anthropomorphic phantom studies. The results of numerical simulations demonstrate that the discrete curvelet transform with MS-VST is fast and robust, and it can effectively improve image quality, preserve and enhance edges and restore lost information while signi?cantly reducing the noise. Additionally, both sparse sampling and decreasing x-ray tube current (i.e. noisy data) lead to the reduction of radiation dose in the x-ray imaging.
关键词： x-ray imaging,x-ray phase-contrast,curvelet regularization,biomedical imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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New Parametric Imaging Method with Fluorescein Angiograms for Detecting Areas of Capillary Nonperfusion
摘要： Fluorescein angiography (FAG) is currently the most useful diagnostic modality for examining retinal circulation, and it is frequently used for the evaluation of patients with diabetic retinopathy, occlusive diseases, such as retinal venous and arterial occlusions, and wet macular degeneration. This paper presents a method for objectively evaluating retinal circulation by quantifying circulation-related parameters. Methods: This method allows the semiautomatic preprocessing and registering of FAG images. The arterial input function is estimated from the registered set of FAG images using gamma-variate fitting. Then, the parameters can be computed by deconvolution on the basis of truncated singular value decomposition, and they can finally be presented as parametric color images in a combination of three colors, red, green, and blue. Results: After the estimation of arterial input function, the parameters of relative blood flow and mean transit time were computed using deconvolution analysis based on truncated singular value decomposition. Conclusions: The parametric color image is helpful to interpret the status of retinal blood circulation and provides quantitative data on retina ischemia without interobserver variability. This system easily provides the status of retinal blood circulation both qualitatively and quantitatively. It also helps to standardize FAG interpretation and may contribute to network-based telemedicine systems in the future.
关键词： Fluorescein Angiography,Ophthalmology,Computer-Assisted Diagnosis,Eye Disease,Biomedical Engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Raman spectroscopy and its use for live cell and tissue analysis
摘要： As research progresses in the field of life sciences, there is an increased demand for new technologies that can allow us to study intact cells and tissues. The quantitative analysis and mathematical modeling of living things based on empirical data is useful for connecting molecular biology to new areas, such as computational biology. Raman spectroscopy is regarded as one of the possible methods by which we can observe living organisms in a noninvasive manner. This could improve the quality of research in the field of medicine and health and will largely contribute to society in the future. The present review introduces some techniques based on Raman spectroscopy and evaluates their applications in intact live samples.
关键词： Raman probe,Raman spectroscopy,Biomedical,in vivo
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis, and Therapy || Photoacoustic Imaging with Carbon Nanomaterials
摘要： Photoacoustic imaging is a novel, noninvasive biomedical imaging modality that has evolved considerably over the last few decades. As a label‐free imaging modality using both endogenous and exogenous contrast agent it has shown many advantages to safely and effectively differentiate diseased tissue from healthy tissues at a deeper depth. While endogenous light‐absorbing objects in living subjects such as hemoglobin, melanin, and glucose, have been useful in imaging, the use of exogenous contrast agents can improve the detection sensitivity and specific tissue‐targeting capabilities of photoacoustic imaging modality further. The carbon nanomaterial has been found to be one of the best contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging, which has strong absorption properties and great biocompatibility. This chapter covers the basic introduction of photoacoustic imaging and the application of carbon nanomaterials contrast agent such as imaging‐guided therapy and multimodal imaging in photoacoustic imaging.
关键词： photoacoustic imaging,contrast agents,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,multimodal imaging,biomedical imaging,carbon nanomaterials
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO) - Kiev (2018.4.24-2018.4.26)] 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO) - Simulated Phantom Projections for Reconstruction Quality Control in Digital Tomosynthesis
摘要： IMASIM software was used to generate sets of X-ray projections for quality control in digital tomosynthesis. Corresponding projections of a polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) phantom with the same size were taken using x-ray tomosynthesis imaging equipment. A specially designed fiduciary marker bead phantom was used to measure the relative positions of imaging system elements. A good correspondence was found between real and simulated projections and reconstructed slices. The ability to create simulated projections with predefined imperfections gives valuable benefits to analysis of overall tomosynthesis performance.
关键词： X-ray applications,digital X-ray tomosynthesis,quality control,biomedical imaging,numerical simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Optical Coherence Tomography as an Oral Cancer Screening Adjunct in a Low Resource Settings
摘要： Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, predominantly seen in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Two thirds of all cases are detected at a late stage when prognosis and treatment outcomes are poor. Oral lesions are commonly detected by visual inspection, followed by invasive surgical biopsy and time-consuming histopathological analysis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a minimally invasive tomographic imaging technology, can be used to non-invasively identify premalignant or malignant change in the oral mucosa. In this study, a mobile OCT imaging system was designed, constructed, and tested for its performance as a point-of-care oral diagnostic device in an LMIC. 20 patients with suspicious oral lesions and 10 healthy subjects were enrolled in this pilot study. Two-dimensional (2-D) OCT images as well as clinical examination data, risk habit history, and histopathology were collected. OCT images for healthy oral mucosa, dysplasia, and malignancy were evaluated in a blinded fashion by visual scoring and computed image processing techniques. It was found that the OCT image processing algorithm performed at or exceeded the performance of visual observer scoring of OCT images.
关键词： cancer,Image classification,optical coherence tomography,biomedical optical imaging,biomedical image processing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Epidermis inspired ultrathin 3D cellular sensors array for self-powered biomedical monitoring
摘要： Sensing devices with wearability would open the door to many advanced applications including soft robotics, artificial intelligence and healthcare monitoring. Here, inspired by the configuration of human epidermis, we present a flexible three-dimensional (3D) cellular sensor array (CSA) via a one-step thermally induced phase separation method. The CSA was framed by 3D cellular electret with caged piezoelectric nanoparticles, which was ultrathin (80 μm), lightweight and high mechanically durable. For biomedical sensing, the 3D-CSA holds a decent pressure sensitivity up to 0.19 V kPa-1 with a response time of less than 16 ms. Owing to its rigid structural symmetry, the 3D-CSA could be identically operated from both sides, and it was demonstrated to successfully measure the human heartbeat, detect the eye ball motion for sleeping quality monitoring, as well as tactile image. Mimicking the functionalities of human skin with a self-powered operation feature, the 3D-CSA was expected to represent a substantial advancement in wearable electronics for healthcare.
关键词： ultrathin,biomedical monitoring,self-powered,cellular sensors array,epidermis
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21