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New carbazole-based bipolar hosts for efficient green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
摘要： In this work, two new bipolar host materials 3-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4’-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (BCZ-PBM) and 3-(5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3’-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-[1,1’-biphenyl]-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (BCZ-TRZ) were designed and synthesized by introducing benzimidazole and triazine groups as acceptor units with carbazole as the donor unit. These two compounds have excellent thermal stability with a high glass transition temperature (Tg > 160°C) and thermal decomposition temperature (Td > 450°C). Green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) D1 and D2 were obtained by doping Ir(ppy)3 into BCZ-PBM and BCZ-TRZ, in which BCZ-PBM based device D1 revealed better performance with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.4%, maximum current efficiency (CE) of 69.3 cd/A, and maximum power efficiency (PE) of 54.8 lm/W. Notably, the BCZ-PBM-based device exhibited excellent efficacy stability and a low efficiency roll-off of 1.7% at 1000 cd/m2 and 4.7% at 5000 cd/m2.
关键词： Carbazole,Green PHOLEDs,High efficiency,Bipolar host materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Regioisomer effects of dibenzofuran-based bipolar host materials on yellow phosphorescent OLED device performance
摘要： Four regioisomers were synthesized for use as bipolar host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) by classic cross-coupling reactions using cyanofluorene and fused dibenzofuran and were readily purified. To realize the bipolar host material, a cyano-substituted fluorene was selected as the n-type unit and dibenzofuran as the p-type unit. Yellow PhOLEDs were fabricated with iridium(III) bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C20)acetylacetonate [PO-01] as a phosphorescent emitter. The achieved maximum current efficiency was 77.2 cd A?1 and the external quantum efficiency was 25.3% for the [PO-01]-based PhOLED; the 7-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-carbonitrile (CF-2-BzF) host had the best device performance. The color coordinates of yellow PhOLEDs at 1000 cd m?2 were (0.50, 0.50) (CF-1-BzF), (0.50, 0.49) (CF-2-BzF), (0.51, 0.49) (CF-3-BzF), and (0.50, 0.50) (CF-4-BzF).
关键词： regioisomer effects,phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes,device performance,bipolar host materials,yellow PhOLEDs
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Diphenylamine/triazine hybrids as bipolar hosts for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
摘要： The bipolar host materials employing diphenylamine (DPA) as donor unit and triazine (TRZ) as acceptor unit could achieve suitable energy levels and balanced charge transporting properties, which are necessary for high performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, three DPA/TRZ based host materials, named 2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DPA-TRZ), 2,4-bis(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DDPA-TRZ), and 2,4,6-tris(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TDPA-TRZ) were designed and synthesized. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and carrier transporting properties were investigated to reveal the relationship between molecular structure and properties. The number of DPA units could regularly tune the optical and electrical properties of the hybrids. The triplet excited state energy (ET) values of DPA-TRZ, DDPA-TRZ, and TDPA-TRZ are 2.38, 2.51, and 2.73 eV, respectively. To evaluate the electroluminescent properties of the three host materials, blue, green, red, and white phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) were fabricated and characterized. With the highest ET value, TDPA-TRZ can afford from blue to red phosphorescent emitters. All these devices exhibited EQEs of over 20% with relatively low efficiency roll-offs. The single-host white PhOLEDs based on TDPA-TRZ showed impressive color stability and superior color rendition. These results demonstrate that the combination of DPA and TRZ is an effective way to construct highly efficient bipolar host materials.
关键词： diphenylamine,triazine,phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes,charge transporting properties,bipolar host materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Chromenopyrazole-based bipolar host materials for solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLEDs exhibiting high efficiency and low roll-off
摘要： This study reports the design, synthesis, and characterization of two new bipolar host materials, DCzCP and TCzCP. Both materials were implemented as hosts by doping a known green thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitter (t4CzIPN) in solution-processable OLEDs. DCzCP-based devices a?ord the best performance with the maximum external quantum e?ciency (EQE) of 21.2%. Notably, the EQE was maintained at 20.7% and 19.7% at a practical luminance of 500 cd m(cid:2)2 and 1000 cd m(cid:2)2, respectively, demonstrating very small roll-o?.
关键词： thermally activated delayed fluorescence,high e?ciency,bipolar host materials,low roll-o?,Chromenopyrazole,OLEDs,solution-processable
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Oxadiazole derivatives as bipolar host materials for high-performance blue and green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
摘要： By combining two n-type groups, pyridine and oxadiazole, with one p-type carbazole group, two novel bipolar hosts, namely 2-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,10-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PyOxd-mCz) and 2-(40-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-[1,10-biphenyl]-3-yl)-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PyOxd-pCz) have been developed as hosts for blue and green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The two compounds exhibit similar HOMO levels of ?5.64 eV for PyOxd-mCz and ?5.63 eV for PyOxd-pCz and the same LUMO level of ?2.60 eV. With a more twisted configuration due to meta connections, PyOxd-mCz possesses a higher triplet energy level (ET = 2.77 eV) and more balanced carrier transport than PyOxd-pCz (ET = 2.60 eV). PyOxd-mCz hosted devices achieve a peak current efficiency of 39.7 cd A?1 and a maximum EQE of 20.8% with a low turn-on voltage of 3.5 V for FIrpic and 55.2 cd A?1 and 16.4% for Ir(ppy)3. Apart from the appropriate frontier molecular orbital levels and sufficiently high triplet energy of PyOxd-mCz, the more balanced carrier transport plays a key role for excellent device performance.
关键词： phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes,bipolar host materials,blue and green PhOLEDs,PyOxd-mCz,PyOxd-pCz
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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High-performance hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with bipolar host material and thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter
摘要： Bipolar host material and thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitter were used in hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the aim to achieve high performance. First of all, the single color OLEDs was optimized by changing the thickness of hole transporting layer, electron transporting layer and the doping concentration of emission material. Then, white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) were fabricated on the basis of the former single color OLEDs by modifying the doping concentration of TADF emitter. Finally, an optimized white device shows the best results of 43.67 cd/A, 45.73 lm/W and 18.52% for current efficiency, power efficiency and external quantum efficiency, respectively. This research may supply a theoretical basis for the development of WOLEDs.
关键词： Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF),Energy transfer,Hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs),Bipolar host material,High performance
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A Silanea??based Bipolar Host with High Triplet Energy for High Efficiency Deepa??Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs with Improved Device Lifetime
摘要： A high triplet energy host is developed using silane moiety. 9-(4-(triphenylsilyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-yl)-9H-carbazole (SiDBFCz) is designed through extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations to obtain appropriate hole and electron injection barriers. The chemical hardness and the charge transport characteristics are comprehensively investigated to realize a bipolar host with high triplet energy over 2.9 eV for deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). The synthesized SiDBFCz clearly exhibits the bipolar characteristics especially with emitter molecules doped. An external quantum efficiency over 19% without any microcavity optimization is achieved thanks to the good charge balance in the SiDBFCz PHOLED. The device lifetime of the SiDBFCz PHOLED is improved more than 1000%, compared to the unipolar control devices at an initial luminance of 500 cd/m2. The dramatic enhancement of the operational stability of the deep blue PHOLED is also thoroughly investigated in terms of electrochemical stability of host molecules in charged or excited states. The results clearly indicate that the device lifetime is strongly correlated with the bond dissociation energy and the activation energy for the bond dissociation reaction in triplet excited state.
关键词： deep blue phosphorescent OLEDs,bond dissociation energy in triplet excited state,high triplet bipolar host,lifetime
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Phthalonitrile-based bipolar host for efficient green to red phosphorescent and TADF OLEDs
摘要： A bipolar host material named 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phthalonitrile (CzPN) was developed by combining carbazole and phthalonitrile as donor and acceptor units, respectively. The introduction of the phthalonitrile unit realized a relatively small energy gap of 3.00 eV as well as a deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of ?2.72 eV. The characterization of carrier-only devices demonstrated the bipolar charge transporting property of CzPN. With a triplet energy of 2.70 eV, CzPN was investigated as host in green, yellow, and red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) and green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) devices. A low turn-on voltage of 2.8 V was achieved by all the four diodes. Both PhOLEDs and TADF devices exhibited high external quantum efficiency values over 20% with relatively small efficiency roll-offs. These findings demonstrate that CzPN is an excellent host material for both phosphorescent and TADF emitters, and phthalonitrile is a promising unit to develop universal host materials.
关键词： Phthalonitrile,Bipolar host,Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode,Thermally activated delayed fluorescence
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Highly Efficient Solution-Processed TADF Bluish-Green and Hybrid White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Novel Bipolar Host Materials
摘要： Two pyridine containing bipolar host materials with high triplet energy, 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethyl-10-(3-(6-(3-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl acridin (DDMACPy) and N-(3-(6-(3-(diphenylamino)phenyl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine (DTPAPy), are synthesized from modifying the commonly adapted host material 2,6-bis(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine (DCzPPy). The HOMO levels of DDMACPy (5.50 eV) and DTPAPy (5.60 eV) are found to be shallower than that of DCzPPy (5.90 eV) that leads to the improvement in hole injection from the hole transport layer PEDOT:PSS (WF = 5.10 eV). These host materials are used in the emitting layer of bluish-green organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with the TADF emitter, 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine-2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DAMC-TRZ), as the guest. The DDMACPy-based device shows the highest performance among them with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax), current efficiency (CEmax) and power efficiency (PEmax) of 21.0%, 53.1 cd A-1 and 44.0 lm w-1 at CIE (0.17, 0.42), respectively. By further doping with the red emitting phosphor iridium(III) bis(2-phenylquinoline)(2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-ionate) [Ir(dpm)PQ2] and yellow emitting phosphor iridium(III) bis(4-(4-t-butyphenyl) thieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C20)acetylacetonate (PO-01-TB) emitters into the bluish-green emitting layer, a TADF-phosphor hybrid white OLED (T-P WOLED) is obtained with excellent EQEmax, CEmax and PEmax of 17.4%, 48.7 cd A-1 and 44.5 lm w-1 at CIE (0.35, 0.44), respectively. Moreover, both the bluish-green and white OLED show the low efficiency roll-off with external quantum efficiencies at the brightness of 1000 cd m-2 (EQE1000) 18.7% and 16.2% respectively, and are the highest performance records among the solution-processed TADF bluish-green and T-P WOLEDs.
关键词： low efficiency roll-off,solution process,bipolar host material,TADF bluish-green organic light-emitting diode,hybrid white organic light emitting diode
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Triarylboryl-substituted carbazoles as bipolar host materials for efficient green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices
摘要： Two novel bipolar host materials based on carbazole and triarylborane moieties, i.e. B-2CZ and m-B-CZ, are synthesized and characterized. The spatially crowded compound B-2CZ exhibits a high thermal stability (Td > 340 °C) compared to the reported triarylboryl carbazoles, presumably due to the highly compact architecture. As a result, phosphorescent Ir(ppy)3 combined with both the borylated compounds is selected to construct a host-guest system. Devices A (B-2CZ) and B (m-B-CZ) achieve peak efficiencies of 19.3% (69.1 cd/A and 88.1 lm/W) and 19.1% (66.1 cd/A and 77.2 lm/W), respectively. The respective turn-on voltages of devices A and B are recorded at 2.4 and 2.6 V, which are much lower than that of device with the benchmark host (mCP, 3.3 V). In addition, at a higher practical luminance of 100 cd/m2 (1000 cd/m2), the external quantum efficiencies of devices A and B are still preserved at 19.1% (17.3%) and 18.2% (13.0%) with the mitigated efficiency drops of 1% (10%) and 5% (32%), suggesting the promising advantage for realizing efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices.
关键词： Carbazole,Triarylborane,Bipolar host,Phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36