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Fusing Nanowires into Thin Films: Fabrication of Graded‐Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently experienced a rapid rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE), but the prevailing PSCs with conventional mesoscopic or planar device architectures still contain nonideal perovskite/hole-transporting-layer (HTL) interfaces, limiting further enhancement in PCE and device stability. In this work, CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires are employed for modifying the surface electronic states of bulk perovskite thin films, forming compositionally-graded heterojunction at the perovskite/HTL interface of PSCs. The nanowire morphology is found to be key to achieving lateral homogeneity in the perovskite film surface states resulting in a near-ideal graded heterojunction. The hidden role of such lateral homogeneity on the performance of graded-heterojunction PSCs is revealed for the first time. The resulting PSCs show high PCE up to 21.4%, as well as high operational stability, which is superior to control PSCs fabricated without CsPbBr3-nanocrystals modification and with CsPbBr3-nanocubes modification. This study demonstrates the promise of controlled hybridization of perovskite nanowires and bulk thin films for more efficient and stable PSCs.
关键词： nanocrystals,morphology control,heterojunction,solar cells,halide perovskites
更新于2025-11-20 15:33:11
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Effects of fluorination and thermal annealing on charge recombination processes in polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells
摘要： We investigate the effect of fluorination on the photovoltaic properties of an alternating conjugated polymer composed of 4,8-di-2-thienylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b0]dithiophene and 4,7-bis([2,20-bithiophen]-5-yl)-benzo-2-1-3-thiadiazole (4TBT) units in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The unsubstituted and fluorinated polymers afford very similar open-circuit voltages and fill factor values, but the fluorinated polymer performed better due to enhanced aggregation which provides a higher photocurrent. The photovoltaic performance of both materials improved upon thermal annealing at 150–200 °C as a result of a significantly increased fill factor and open-circuit voltage, counteracted by a slight loss in photocurrent. Detailed studies of the morphology, light intensity dependence, external quantum efficiency and electroluminescence allowed the exploration of the effects of fluorination and thermal annealing on the charge recombination and the nature of the donor–acceptor interfacial charge transfer states in these films.
关键词： polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells,thermal annealing,charge recombination,fluorination,photovoltaic properties
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Performance analysis of c-Si heterojunction solar cell with passivated transition metal oxides carrier-selective contacts
摘要： Transition metal oxides (TMOs) as passivating carrier-selective contact layers are investigated for silicon heterojunction solar cells. MoOx as hole-selective layer and TiOx as an electron-selective layer are explored in detail to design a high-efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cell without any specified surface passivation layer. The thickness and optical transparency of the MoOx hole-selective layer have been evaluated through optical simulation. The impact of TMOs’ work function and their passivation quality has been examined in detail to extract the maximum conversion efficiency from silicon heterojunction solar cells. To increase the optical absorption in c-Si, the micro–nanopillar structure has also been implemented. It has been found that the barrier height at the TMO/silicon heterocontact plays a significant role in the overall performance improvement of the solar cell. The optimized cell design without doping and separate passivating layer can achieve a power conversion efficiency of ~ 22%. Our findings open the potential pathways and opportunities to obtain simplified heterojunction solar cells at lower temperatures and without impurity doping.
关键词： Surface recombination velocity,Carrier-selective contact layers,Transition metal oxides,c-Si heterojunction solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Damp-Heat-Stable, High-Efficiency, Industrial-Size Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
摘要： Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells hold the power conversion efficiency (PCE) record among crystalline solar cells. However, amorphous silicon is a typical high-entropy metastable material. Damp-heat aging experiments unveil that the amorphous/crystalline silicon interface is susceptible to moisture, which is potentially the biggest stumbling block for mass production. By capping SiNx and SiOx dielectrics, the absolute PCE degradation is predicted to be only (cid:1)0.6% after a 30-year installation. This demonstrates the SHJ solar cell is a highly promising candidate for next-generation photovoltaics.
关键词： High efficiency,Amorphous silicon,Mass production,Damp-heat stability,Silicon heterojunction solar cells
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Utility of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) as efficient electron donor material in bulk-heterojunction solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency
摘要： In the present work, we have endeavored the utilization of wet-chemically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) as the active layer in hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. The BHJs with CuO-NPs display significantly different physics from customary BHJs, and prove a noteworthy improvement in their performance. It is noted that with the addition of CuO-NPs, the morphology of the photoactive layer endures significant changes. Incorporating CuO-NPs is an additional paradigm for BHJs solar cells which enhances the photocurrent density from 9.43 mA/cm2 to 11.32 mA/cm2 and the external quantum efficiency as well. Also the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) improved from 2.85 % to 3.82 % without harming the open circuit voltage and the fill factor. The enhancement in PCE achieved here makes it worthy to design high-performance organic solar cells holding inorganic nanoparticles.
关键词： thin films,Bulk heterojunction,Solar cells,external quantum efficiency,Copper oxide nanoparticles,photo current density
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of insertion of bathocuproine buffer layer at grating-structured cathodea??organic-layer interface in bulk-heterojunction solar cells
摘要： A grating-structured interface of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and n-type [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)-based bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic (PV) cell was designed and fabricated to obtain a desirable thickness distribution of the deposited bathocuproine (BCP) buffer layer to efficiently utilize its potentials. As a master mold of the grating-structure, a commercially available recordable digital versatile disc (DVD-R) substrate was employed. The grating-structured surface of the P3HT:PCBM layer was successfully produced by duplication from a poly(dimethylsiloxane) secondary mold using the spin cast molding technique. From morphological observations of the grating-structured surface covered with vapor-deposited BCP, we roughly estimated the ratio of the BCP thickness at “walls” to that at “top” and “bottom” regions to be ～0.5. The grating-type BHJ PV cell with a 5-nm-thick BCP layer exhibited the maximum power-conversion efficiency (ηp) of 3.51%. Compared with the conventional flat-type BHJ PV cell with a 20-nm-thick BCP layer, the performance of the grating-type BHJ PV cell with a 20-nm-thick BCP layer was remarkably improved, owing to the contribution of the wall side contact, which provides a lower-barrier path of the electrons toward the cathode through the thinner BCP layer.
关键词： bathocuproine buffer layer,grating-structured interface,bulk-heterojunction solar cells,power-conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Numerical simulation for optimization of an ultra-thin n-type WS2/p-type c-Si heterojunction solar cells
摘要： Recently, ultra-thin tungsten disul?de (WS2) has become one of the hot spots in the research of solar cell materials due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. In this study, we use AFORS-HET software version 2.5 at air mass 1.5 to simulate the structure of n-type WS2/p-type c-Si heterojunction solar cells. Our goal is to ?nd an appropriate way to improve the performance of n-type WS2/p-type c-Si heterojunction solar cells by simulation. Through optimizing the parameters of both WS2 layer and Si layer, we obtain a maximum photovoltaic conversion e?ciency of 20.57%. Subsequently, we investigate the in?uence of the ITO work function and the interface states on the performance of n-type WS2/p-type c-Si heterojunction solar cells. It’s found that through selecting the suitable ITO work function and decreasing the interface defect density, solar cell’s performance can be further improved. Our result indicates that ultra-thin WS2 is a promising photovoltaic material for the application in solar cells.
关键词： Work function,Heterojunction solar cells,Numerical simulation,Tungsten disul?de,Interface states
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Undoped p-type BaSi <sub/>2</sub> emitter prepared by thermal evaporation and post-annealing for crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells
摘要： p-type BaSi2/n-type crystalline Si (p-BaSi2/n-Si) heterojunction solar cells with various BaSi2 thickness (dBaSi2) from 20 to 100 nm were fabricated using a simple preparation method, that is, post-annealing of undoped n-type BaSi2 prepared by thermal evaporation. With decreasing dBaSi2, short-circuit current density increased due to the reduction of the parasitic absorption in p-BaSi2. On the other hand, open-circuit voltage and fill factor decreased due to the increase of the leakage current. As a consequence, the solar cell with dBaSi2 = 80 nm showed a maximum conversion efficiency.
关键词： post-annealing,BaSi2,p-type emitter,heterojunction solar cells,thermal evaporation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Front contact optimization for rear-junction SHJ solar cells with ultra-thin n-type nanocrystalline silicon oxide
摘要： In this work, ultra-thin n-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide [(nc-SiOx:H (n)] film was used to replace amorphous silicon [a-Si:H (n)] as electron transport layer (ETL) in rear-junction silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell to reduce front parasitic absorption. The contact resistivity between the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) and ultra-thin ETL interface plays an important role on the cell performance. A nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) contact or seed layer was introduced in the solar cell with ultra-thin nc-SiOx:H and the impact of the nc-Si:H thickness on the cell performance was investigated. To demonstrate scalability, bifacial solar cells with 10 nm ETL were fabricated on the M2 (244 cm2) wafer. The best cell performance is obtained by the solar cell with 5 nm nc-SiOx:H (n) and 5 nm nc-Si:H (n) contact layer and it exhibits open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 738 mV, fill factor (FF) of 80.4%, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 39.0 mA/cm2 and power conversion efficiency (η) of 23.1% on M2 wafer. Compared to the one with nc-SiOx:H (n), an increase of 3%abs of FF and 0.5%abs of η and lower front contact resistivity is demonstrated for the solar cells with nc-Si:H (n) / nc-SiOx:H (n) double layer, which is caused by the lower energy barrier for electrons, according to the band diagram calculated by the AFORS-HET simulator. A simulation on the solar cell optical and electrical losses was done by the Quokka 3 simulator and shows much lower electrical transport loss and a bit higher front surface transmission loss for the one with double layer than nc-SiOx:H (n) single layer.
关键词： Loss analysis,Nanocrystalline silicon oxide,Silicon heterojunction solar cells,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Preparation of graphene films bridged with Ag nanowires and its application in heterojunction solar cells
摘要： In this work, efforts were made to further improve the performance of heterojunction solar cells based on graphene films. A dip-drawing method was developed to synthesize the Ag nanowires/graphene composite film (Ag NWs/G). Then, Ag nanowires were superimposed on the single layer graphene and was used as an upper electrode of the solar cell. As expected, this combination has taken advantage of the high carrier concentration of Ag nanowires and high carrier mobility of graphene. Ag NWs/G composite films with high conductivity and transmittance were obtained. The Raman spectral characterization verified the typical feature of graphene films. And, the effect of Ag nanowires on graphene film was demonstrated. Ag nanowires can effectively reduce the resistivity of graphene films, thus solve the problem of carrier recombination. Efficiency of 8.74% was achieved for Ag NWs/G film based solar cells without any antireflective coatings. The modification roles of the Ag NWs/G film in solar cell were discussed. It was verified that the superposition of Ag nanowires can highly facilitate the transmission of current. As a whole, the Ag NWs/G composite film with high transmittance and low square resistance will be more suitable as a transparent electrode, as well as a function layer.
关键词： Dip-drawing method,Ag NWs/G composite films,Multiple functions,Heterojunction solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59