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Thulium Laser‐Assisted Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for the Small Renal Mass
摘要： Mitochondria-targeting cancer therapies have achieved unprecedented advances attributed to their superior ability for improving drug delivery efficiency and producing an enhanced therapeutic effect. Herein, we report a mitochondria-targeting camptothecin (CPT) polyprodrug system (MCPS) covalently decorated with a high-proportioned CPT content, which can realize drug release specifically responsive to a tumor microenvironment. The nonlinear structure of MCPS can form water-soluble unimolecular micelles with high micellar stability and improved drug accumulation in tumoral cells/tissues. Furthermore, a classical mitochondria-targeting agent, triphenylphosphonium bromide, was tethered in this prodrug system, which causes mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and mediates the transport of CPT into mitochondria. The disulfide bond in MCPS can be cleaved by an intracellular reductant such as glutathione, leading to enhanced destruction of mitochondria DNA and cell apoptosis induced by a high level of reactive oxygen species. The systematic analyses both in vitro and in vivo indicated the excellent tumor inhibition effect and biosafety of MCPS, which is believed to be an advantageous nanoplatform for subcellular organelle-specific chemotherapy of cancer.
关键词： chemotherapy,reduction-activated,mitochondria-targeted,polyprodrug,cancer therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Smart Plasmonic Nanozyme Enhances Combined Chemo-Photothermal Cancer Therapy and Reveals Tryptophan Metabolic Apoptotic Pathway
摘要： The tumor microenvironment regulation is considered as an intelligent strategy for cancer therapeutics, but the related metabolic pathways of cell apoptosis still remains a great challenge. Herein, by applying multifunctional carbon dot-decorated Ag/Au bimetallic nanoshells (CDs-Ag/Au NSs, CAANSs) nanoprobes as smart plasmonic nanozymes for combined chemo-photothermal cancer therapy, we achieved a high efficiency in cancer cell therapy and revealed a tryptophan metabolic apoptotic pathway. In addition to high photothermal conversion efficiency, the CAANSs can act as a smart nanozyme to catalyze intracellular H2O2 to the cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) of superoxide anion (·O2-) in response to mild acidic cancerous cell microenvironment to damage cellular DNA. More importantly, the tryptophan metabolic pathway during the combined chemo-photothermal therapy has been revealed that the tryptophan participates in oxidative stress process, which can be decomposed to produce H2O2 and further formed into superoxide anion to kill cells under the catalytic nanomedicine process. The current work provides an effective platform for cancer therapeutics and is promising for cancer-related molecular biology studies.
关键词： Tryptophan Metabolic Apoptotic Pathway,Smart Plasmonic Nanozyme,Tumor Microenvironment,Chemo-Photothermal Cancer Therapy,Reactive Oxygen Species
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Neutron Activated <sup>153</sup> Sm Sealed in Carbon Nanocapsules for <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging and Tumor Radiotherapy
摘要： Radiation therapy along with chemotherapy and surgery remain the main cancer treatments. Radiotherapy can be applied to patients externally (external beam radiotherapy) or internally (brachytherapy and radioisotope therapy). Previously, nanoencapsulation of radioactive crystals within carbon nanotubes, followed by end-closing, resulted in the formation of nanocapsules that allowed ultrasensitive imaging in healthy mice. Herein we report on the preparation of nanocapsules initially sealing ‘cold’ isotopically enriched samarium (152Sm), which can then be activated on demand to their ‘hot’ radioactive form (153Sm) by neutron irradiation. The use of ‘cold’ isotopes avoids the need for radioactive facilities during the preparation of the nanocapsules, reduces radiation exposure to personnel, prevents the generation of nuclear waste and evades the time constraints imposed by the decay of radionuclides. A very high specific radioactivity is achieved by neutron irradiation (up to 11.37 GBq/mg), making the ‘hot’ nanocapsules useful not only for in vivo imaging but also therapeutically effective against lung cancer metastases after intravenous injection. The high in vivo stability of the radioactive payload, selective toxicity to cancerous tissues and the elegant preparation method offer a paradigm for application of nanomaterials in radiotherapy.
关键词： nuclear imaging,filled carbon nanotubes,nanoencapsulation,nanooncology,radiooncology,cancer therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in renal autophagy and dysfunction triggered by CdTe-quantum dots
摘要： Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable imaging tool in clinical diagnosis of a wide range of diseases, including cancer.[1] The resolution of MRI could be further enhanced by using the MR contrast agent. However, the most widely used MR contrast agents, gadolinium based contrast agents, show potential toxicity to human, which can induce serious side effects such as nephrogenic systemic ?brosis (NSF). Therefore, a biocompatible MR contrast agent with considerable contrasting effect is urgently needed to ensure the safety and clinical performance of this technique.[2] In this study, novel manganese based nanobubbles were fabricated to function as a T1 contrast agent for MRI. The nanobubbles were demonstrated to have good contrasting effect as well as very low toxicity. The major metabolic clearance of these nanobubbles in vivo was demonstrated in mouse model. We also demonstrated that our nanobubbles are perfect drug carrier for MR imaging-guided chemotherapy. Our results suggest that biocompatible manganese based nanobubbles are a promising MR contrast agent for clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.[3]
关键词： MRI,Contrast agent,Toxicity,Cancer therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Simultaneous measurement of p53:Mdm2 and p53:Mdm4 protein-protein interactions in whole cells using fluorescence labelled foci
摘要： In this report we describe the development of a fluorescent protein-protein interaction-visualization (FLUOPPI) to enable the simultaneous measurement of both Mdm2:p53 and Mdm4:p53 interactions in order to assess the relative efficiencies of mimetic molecules of the p53 peptide helix against both PPIs. Mdm2 and Mdm4 overexpression frequently leads to the inactivation of non-mutated p53 in human cancers, via inhibition of its transcriptional activity, enhancing its degradation by the proteasome or by preventing its nuclear import. Development of inhibitors to disrupt the binding of one or both of these protein interactions have been the subject of intensive pharmaceutical development for anti-cancer therapies. Using the bimodal FLUOPPI system we have characterised compounds that were either monospecific for Mdm2 or bispecific for both Mdm2 and Mdm4. We have also demonstrated that the FLUOPPI assay can reliably differentiate between specific and non-specific disruption of these protein complexes via accurate assessment and normalization to the cell population under measurement. We envision that this methodology will increase the efficiency of identifying compounds that are either specific against a single PPI from a closely related family of interactions or compounds that interact across multiple related PPI pairs, depending on which is more desirable.
关键词： Mdm4,Mdm2,protein-protein interactions,cancer therapy,FLUOPPI,p53
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Singly charged ion source designed using three-dimensional particle-in-cell method
摘要： A singly charged ion source (SCIS) has been designed using a newly developed three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The SCIS is to be used in an isotope separation on-line (ISOL) system that provides 11C ions for heavy-ion cancer therapy with simultaneous verification of the dose distribution using positron emission tomography. The SCIS uses low-energy electron beams to produce singly charged carbon ions efficiently and maintain a high vacuum in the ISOL system. Because the SCIS has to realize a production efficiency of 1% if its carbon ions are to be used in the ISOL system, a suitable design for the SCIS was investigated by using the developed PIC code to study the beam trajectories of the electrons and extracted ions. The simulation results show that hollow electron beams are produced in the designed SCIS resulting in a high effective electron current. The results also predict that the designed SCIS would realize ion-production efficiencies (IPEs) of εSCIS (cid:39) 6.7% for CO+2 production from CO2 gas and εSCIS (cid:39) 0.1% for C+ production from CH4 gas. Moreover, to examine the validity of the developed code and confirm that the SCIS was able to be designed appropriately, the space-charge-limited current of the electron gun and the total IPE obtained by adding the IPEs of each ion were compared between the experiment and the simulation.
关键词： three-dimensional particle-in-cell method,singly charged ion source,isotope separation on-line system,positron emission tomography,heavy-ion cancer therapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Fabrication of Chlorophyll-Incorporated Nanogels for Potential Applications in Photothermal Cancer Therapy
摘要： Nanogels have been widely used in biomedical applications, such as carriers for hyperthermia cancer treatment, drug delivery, and imaging. Owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect, nanogels have shown a great potential in cancer therapy. In this study, sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), a low cytotoxicity and biodegradable photothermal agent, was copolymerized with a nanogel of N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide. The nanogels could produce heat under exposure to a green laser with a 532 nm wavelength. The positively charged nature of the nanogels enhanced the endocytosis of the nanogels. The cell mortality was greatly enhanced with the treatment of the SCC-containing nanogels and green light illumination. Our results suggest the potential of SCC-containing nanogels in photothermal cancer therapy.
关键词： sodium copper chlorophyllin,photothermal therapy,nanogels,cancer therapy,green laser
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Bioanalysis, and Therapy || Carbon Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapies
摘要： Photothermal cancer therapy, also called photothermal therapy (PTT), uses light‐induced heat to treat cancer cells. PTT has attracted attention owing to its advantages over traditional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT), and surgery. Thermal therapy was discovered during the nineteenth century when cancer patients were administered living bacteria to cause inflammation and subsequent fever. The use of circulating heated water to treat uterine cervical cancer was also reported during that era. Owing to the rudimentary technology of that age, neither clinical applications nor further studies of thermal therapy were explored. Interest in PTT was revived in the 1980s, and owing to the fast development of optical and nanomaterial technology during recent decades, thermal therapy, particularly PTT has become a fast‐growing field of study.
关键词： Carbon nanomaterials,Theranostics,Nanocomposites,Cancer therapy,Photothermal therapy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Improving the Phototherapeutic Efficiencies of Molecular and Nanoscale Materials by Targeting Mitochondria
摘要： Mitochondria-targeted cancer phototherapy (PT), which works by delivering photoresponsive agents specifically to mitochondria, is a powerful strategy to improve the phototherapeutic efficiency of anticancer treatments. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular apoptosis, and are relevant to the chemoresistance of cancer cells. Furthermore, mitochondria are a major player in many cellular processes and are highly sensitive to hyperthermia and reactive oxygen species. Therefore, mitochondria serve as excellent locations for organelle-targeted phototherapy. In this review, we focus on the recent advances of mitochondria-targeting materials for mitochondria-specific PT. The combination of mitochondria-targeted PT with other anticancer strategies is also summarized. In addition, we discuss both the challenges currently faced by mitochondria-based cancer PT and the promises it holds.
关键词： PDT,PTT,subcellular organelle-targeting,cancer therapy,nanomedicine
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Polymeric Micelles for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Cancer Therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive treatment for selectively killing malignant tumor cells. The photosensitizer is a necessary component of photodynamic nanomedicine. Many efforts have been made to develop new photosensitizers for efficient cancer photodynamic therapy. In this work, we report a novel nano photosensitizer, polymeric micelles (AIE-M) with aggregation induced emission characteristic, for photodynamic cancer therapy. AIE-M with sub-20 nm particle size is prepared by the self-assembly of salicylaldazine-incorporated amphiphilic polymer (AIE-1), which can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with light irradiation in solution. After uptake by cancer cells, AIE-M can specially sojourn in plasma membranes of cancer cells at the early stage and predominantly accumulate in the mitochondria of cancer cell at the late stage. The phototoxicity of AIE-M, resulting from the generation of intracellular ROS with light irradiation, can efficiently cause cancer cells death by apoptosis and necrosis. The advantages of AIE-M as a nano photosensitizer include the small size, highly colloidal stability in the process of preparation and storage, and high cell penetration. The ultra-low Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of AIE-1, negligible dark toxicity and super phototoxicity of AIE-M suggest its promising potential for image-guided PDT.
关键词： polymeric micelles,imaging,photodynamic,aggregation induced emission,cancer therapy
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46