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[IEEE 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Athens, Greece (2018.10.7-2018.10.10)] 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) - Deep Feature Based End-to-End Transportation Network for Multi-Target Tracking
摘要： We propose an End-to-End Transportation Network (EETN) for multi-target tracking. In the EETN, we model the optimal set of trajectories through min-cost flow problem by exploring deep features to generate a graph. The transition cost among the nodes is found through statistical similarity metric. We consider dynamic programming to solve the optimization problem. For experimental evaluation, we compare our proposed EETN method with two state-of-the-art methods using four benchmark datasets. The quantitative analysis shows promising results of our EETN against state-of-the-art methods on precision/recall and F-score.
关键词： multi-target tracking,dynamic programming,min-cost flow,Transportation network,deep features
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Baking soda: an ultra-cheap and air stable electron injection layer for organic electronic devices
摘要： To realize high performance printed organic optoelectronic devices, the development of air-stable, cheap, and solution-processable electron injection layers (EILs) is urgently required to avoid the use of a low work-function metal electrode with poor air stability. We report sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, NaHCO3) as an efficient, low-cost, air-stable, and environmentally friendly EIL material in various printed organic electronic devices including organic solar cells (OSCs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photodiodes (OPDs) and n-channel organic thin film transistors (OFETs). UV photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the work-function of various common electrodes used for organic devices such as ITO, Au, Al and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) decreased significantly by more than 1 eV following deposition of a thin NaHCO3 film. The performance and stability of these organic devices improved by around 15% overall with ultra-cheap, air stable EILs. In particular, high performance OSCs based on PTB7:PC71BM with a power conversion efficiency of 8.40% and solution processed OLEDs based on PVK:PBD:Ir(ppy)3 with light emitting efficiencies of 68.5 cd A?1 and 20 lm A?1 were achieved by applying a NaHCO3 interlayer.
关键词： air-stable,sodium bicarbonate,organic electronic devices,electron injection layers,baking soda,low-cost,solution-processable
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) - Yassmine Hammamet, Tunisia (2018.3.19-2018.3.22)] 2018 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals & Devices (SSD) - Real Time Stereo Matching Using Two Step Zero-Mean SAD and Dynamic Programing
摘要： Dense depth map extraction is a dynamic research field in a computer vision that tries to recover three-dimensional information from a stereo image pair. A large variety of algorithms has been developed. The local methods based on block matching that are prevalent due to the linear computational complexity and easy implementation. This local cost is used on global methods as graph cut and dynamic programming in order to reduce sensitivity to local to occlusion and uniform texture. This paper proposes a new method for matching images based on a two-stage of block matching as local cost function and dynamic programming as energy optimization approach. In our work introduce the two stage of the zero-mean sum of absolute differences (ZSAD) combined with dynamic programming: the smoothness and ordering constraints are used to optimize correspondences. Stereo matching accuracy and runtime are the fundamental metrics to evaluate the stereo matching methods. The real-time has become a reality through the complexity reduction of the calculation and the use of parallel high-performance graphics hardware. In this paper we evaluate the developed method on using Middlebury stereo benchmark and, we propose a GPU CUDA implementation in order to accelerate our algorithm and reach the real time.
关键词： dynamic programming,stereo matching,GPU,CUDA implementation,cost function,block matching
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Self-Aligned Metal Electrodes in Fully Roll-to-Roll Processed Organic Transistors
摘要： We demonstrate the production of organic bottom gate transistors with self-aligned electrodes, using only continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) techniques. The self-alignment allows accurate <5 μm layer-to-layer registration, which is usually a challenge in high-speed R2R environments as the standard registration methods are limited to the millimeter range—or, at best, to tens of μm if online cameras and automatic web control are utilized. The improved registration enables minimizing the overlap between the source/drain electrodes and the gate electrode, which is essential for minimizing the parasitic capacitance. The complete process is a combination of several techniques, including evaporation, reverse gravure, ?exography, lift-off, UV exposure and development methods—all transferred to a continuous R2R pilot line. Altogether, approximately 80 meters of devices consisting of thousands of transistors were manufactured in a roll-to-roll fashion. Finally, a cost analysis is presented in order to ascertain the main costs and to predict whether the process would be feasible for the industrial production of organic transistors.
关键词： roll-to-roll,cost analysis,self-alignment,printing,organic transistor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Cost, Contractors and Scale: An Empirical Analysis of the California Solar Market
摘要： I present an empirical analysis of the rapidly growing California rooftop solar photovoltaic market using detailed data of over 100,000 solar installations between 2007 and 2014. The rapid fall in the cost of solar panels stand central in the expansion of this market. I use a semi-parametric regression model to aid identification of cost factors by decomposing time-varying and cross-sectional components. I find that the use of Chinese manufactured panels are associated with costs that are 6% lower. Economies of scale at the local level (number of yearly installations in a zip code) and at the installation level (size of the installation) are also associated with lower costs. Higher subsidies, and higher contractor market-share are associated with higher costs. I use an exploratory analysis of the dominant contractor, SolarCity, to discuss non-cost factors in the expansion of the solar photovoltaic market.
关键词： solar photovoltaic market,Chinese manufactured panels,contractor market-share,economies of scale,SolarCity,subsidies,cost factors
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Visual servoing for low-cost SCARA robots using an RGB-D camera as the only sensor
摘要： Visual servoing with a simple, two-step hand–eye calibration for robot arms in Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm configuration, along with the method for simple vision-based grasp planning, is proposed. The proposed approach is designed for low-cost, vision-guided robots, where tool positioning is achieved by visual servoing using marker tracking and depth information provided by an RGB-D camera, without encoders or any other sensors. The calibration is based on identification of the dominant horizontal plane in the camera field of view, and an assumption that all robot axes are perpendicular to the identified plane. Along with the plane parameters, one rotational movement of the shoulder joint provides sufficient information for visual servoing. The grasp planning is based on bounding boxes of simple objects detected in the RGB-D image, which provide sufficient information for robot tool positioning, gripper orientation and opening width. The developed methods are experimentally tested using a real robot arm. The accuracy of the proposed approach is analysed by measuring the positioning accuracy as well as by performing grasping experiments.
关键词： Visual servoing,grasp planning,SCARA,low-cost robot arm,hand–eye calibration
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Accuracy of a Smartphone-based Autorefractor Compared with Criterion-standard Refraction
摘要： SIGNIFICANCE: Uncorrected refractive error is a prevalent problem throughout the world especially among the low-income population who have limited access to professional eye care and cannot afford eyeglasses. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usability of a low-cost, portable, smartphone-based autorefractor (Netra, EyeNetra Inc., Somerville, MA) in adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the portable refractor with subjective (manifest and cycloplegic) refraction for sequential adult participants with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or greater. For each method of refraction, the spherical equivalent was calculated. Differences between methods were tested with linear mixed regression models. A validated usability questionnaire was administered regarding ease of use (100-point scale, higher scores better) for the portable autorefractor. RESULTS: Eighty-seven subjects (152 eyes) were studied (age range, 20 to 90 years; mean ± standard deviation, 51.9 ± 18.3 years). Mean spherical equivalent by the portable device was ?2.76 D (range, ?14.75 to 3.63 D) compared with ?2.49 D (range, ?15.25 to 4.25 D) by manifest refraction. The mean relative difference in spherical equivalent between methods was ?0.27 D (P = .001, significantly different than 0 D). The mean absolute difference between methods was 0.69 D (P < .001, significantly different than 0.5-D absolute difference). Similar results were found when comparing spherical equivalent between Netra and cycloplegic refraction methods. Subjects reported average ease of use for the Netra of 75.4 ± 19.8. CONCLUSIONS: The portable autorefractor had small but clinically significant differences from subjective refraction. The device's scores on the usability scale indicate good overall patient acceptance. The device may be valuable for use where there is limited access to a trained refractionist.
关键词： autorefractor,portable,smartphone-based,low-cost,refractive error
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14