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- 2019
- charge – discharge energy efficiency
- Lithium-ion battery
- degradation diagnosis
- photovoltaic surplus energy
- working electric vehicle
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Ritsumeikan University
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Electrochemical synthesis of copper(II) oxide nanorods and their application in photocatalytic reactions
摘要： A new way of synthesizing nanoscale copper oxide particles is described in this work. Oxides of an intermediate metal, such as copper oxide, can be used as an effective semiconductor in the photocatalytic reactions once they are prepared in a special way. The CuO nanorods were synthesized electrochemically under surfactant-free, static conditions. The obtained nanorods have an average length of less than 50 nm. The CuO nanorods were used as a heterogeneous catalyst in an aqueous medium. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (DCP) was used as a probe molecule. The CuO nanorods showed an excellent ability to degrade DCP under visible light and without the need for any auxiliary oxidizing agent.
关键词： CuO,DCP,Visible light,Degradation,Nanorods,Heterogeneous catalyst
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Translucent packed bed structures for high throughput photocatalytic reactors
摘要： Translucent photocatalytic reactor structures are investigated as a possible alternative to numbering up as a method for the scale-up of microreactors. The structure and the light source design is elaborated to introduce this concept. The light field was characterized using a ray tracing algorithm. A rectangular reactor made from glass was designed using borosilicate spheres small enough to create an array of interconnected microchannels in the reactor. It was found that ray tracing can be used as a proper tool to easily design multiple-LED light sources and predict respective irradiance patterns. The performance of the reactor was assessed using the apparent rate constant, the space-time yield and the photocatalytic space-time yield, a recently introduced performance parameter which takes into account the lamp power and the reactor productivity. The apparent rate constant of the reactor for an incoming irradiance of 191 W m?2 was found to be 0.82 min?1, which is, to our knowledge, in the range of microreactors and 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than any high throughput immobilized reactor in literature. With a photocatalytic space-time yield of 0.657 m3 day?1 m?3 reactor kW?1 our reactor was amongst the best reported performers in terms of productivity and energy efficiency. This performance is related to the high specific illuminated surface area of 4267 m2 m?3 and high catalyst load of 1.9 g L?1.
关键词： Light distribution,Structured reactors,Photocatalysis,Photocatalytic degradation,LED,Reactor engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Degradation of haloacetonitriles with UV/peroxymonosulfate process: degradation pathway and the role of hydroxyl radicals
摘要： Haloacetonitriles (HANs), a specie of new emerging halogenated nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) including trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), monochloroacetonitrile (MCAN) and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), were more cytotoxic and genotoxic than the conventional DBPs. In this study, kinetics and mechanisms in the oxidization of HANs by UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process were investigated. The degradation of chloroacetonitriles (CANs) in UV/PMS process was more remarkable than UV alone, PMS alone and UV/ H2O2 process. And the order of the rates of degradation of HANs was followed: TCAN > DCAN> MCAN, while DBAN was remarkably degraded by UV alone. The degradation of DCAN was accelerated by humic acid and Cl-, while suppressed by bicarbonate. Scavenging experiments showed that hydroxyl radical (?OH) was the predominant species in the reaction. According to the gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis, the breakage of C-Cl bond was the dominant pathways in degradation of CANs.
关键词： Haloacetonitriles,UV/Peroxymonosulfate,Pathway,Hydroxyl radicals,Degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Co2+ Substituted ZnCuFe2O4 (0.0?≤?x?≤?0.5) Ferrites: Synthesis, Magneto-structural and Optical Properties for Their Photocatalytic Performance
摘要： The cobalt (Co2+) has been successively substituted in ZnCuFe2O4 to obtain Zn0.5?xCoxCu0.5Fe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) ferrites by auto-combustion technique. Prior to photocatalytic degradation, all as-synthesized ferrites were characterized to study their structure, composition, morphology, magnetic and optical behavior. The shifting of tetrahedral as well as octahedral stretching peaks towards higher frequencies observed in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that Co2+ ion is substituted in ZnCuFe2O4. X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the formation of single-phase cubic spinel with decrease in average lattice constant from 8.3915 to 8.3224 ? with increase in Co2+ substitution. The photocatalytic performance of obtained ferrite catalyst was determined using methylene blue (MB) as model dye under visible light and direct sunlight. The degradation of MB with as-obtained photocatalyst under sunlight improves (91%) which proves the effective utilization of visible light active magnetic photocatalyst.
关键词： Photocatalytic degradation,Magnetic materials,Methylene blue,Sol-gel method,Spinel ZnCuFe2O4
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical micro-pollutants using ZnO
摘要： This research paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the degradation of three different contaminants including progesterone (PGS), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NAP) using ZnO as the photocatalyst and ultraviolet (UV) light as a source for catalysts activation. Two operating parameters, namely, catalyst loading and initial concentration of contaminants, were tested in a batch photocatalytic reactor. To demonstrate the large-scale applications, experiments were also conducted in a submerged membrane photocatalytic reactor. It has proven that ZnO photocatalyst degraded the three contaminants very efficiently under almost all the studied experimental conditions, with efficiency rates of 92.3, 94.5, and 98.7 % for PSG, IBU, and NAP, respectively. The photodegradation kinetics study was performed to calculate the reaction rate constant, which is found to follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The membrane photocatalytic reactor was efficient to remove pollutants and it is observed that the degradation rate increases with increasing the membrane oscillation frequency approaching that of the stirred reactor.
关键词： Photocatalytic degradation,Progesterone,Ibuprofen,Photocatalytic batch reactor,Naproxen,Oscillatory membrane reactor,ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 by activated carbon supported TiO2 catalyst
摘要： The photocatalytic efficiency of activated carbon supported TiO2 catalyst (AC/TiO2) for degradation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) under UV-Vis light was evaluated in this study. AC/TiO2 was prepared by simple hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by scanning electron micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR. The various factors including catalyst dosage, pH value and light source affecting the degradation efficiency of AFB1 were also investigated. The higher degradation efficiency of AFB1 by AC/TiO2 composite (98 %) than bare TiO2 (76 %) were attributed to a higher surface area and enhanced visible light intensity by the synergy of AC and TiO2. The degradation process of AFB1 was fitted with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. In addition, the catalyst can be easily separated from the solution and keep good activity. The hole (h+) and the hydroxyl radicals (?OH) were found to play an important role in the degradation of AFB1. These results demonstrated that AC/TiO2 possess synergy of high absorption capacity and photoactivity, thus supplying a simple, efficient and green approach for the degradation of AFB1.
关键词： AC/TiO2 catalyst,Photocatalytic Degradation,Aflatoxin B1
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A facile synthesis of nano-layer structured g-C3N4 with efficient organic degradation and hydrogen evolution using a MDN energetic material as the starting precursor
摘要： The construction of a high-performance g-C3N4 photocatalyst through a facile and green synthesis method remains a great challenge for H2 production and organic pollutants degradation. In this work, we developed a nano-layer structured g-C3N4 (NL-CN) photocatalyst with a 230 m2/g surface area via the thermal polymerization method using melaminium dinitrate (MDN), which is one of the more energetic materials, as the precursor. The energy coming from the drastic decomposition of nitrate anions in MDN caused the thick layers of bulk CN to be exfoliated to produce many much-thinner nano-layers when at 500 °C for 2 h, which obviously elevated the surface area of the g-C3N4. The resultant NL-CN displays a superior visible-light H2-generation and rhodamine B (RhB) photo-degradation efficiency (λ > 420 nm) compared to those of bulk g-C3N4 (CN) prepared through heating melamine because of the nano-layered structures, which lead to higher specific surface areas, a rapid charge transfer efficiency and a higher redox potential. These results demonstrate that the utilization of MDN as a starting material provides a new opportunity for the facile and green synthesis of high-efficiency nanostructured g-C3N4 photocatalysts with lower energy consumption and environmental pollution levels.
关键词： H2 production,Nano-layers,Melaminium dinitrate,g-C3N4,Photocatalyst,RhB degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A micro-structural corrosion mechanism on the thermal degradation of BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+ phosphor
摘要： The thermal degradation is a vital issue that restricting luminous efficiency and service life of BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+phosphor for chromogenic and illuminating fields. The effects of heat-treatment temperature on the luminescence properties and micro-structure of BAM were researched to accurately elucidate the thermal degradation mechanism. Some pieces of evidence for micro-structural corrosion were detected according to the results of PL, TL, XPS and IR. With the heat-treatment temperature increasing, a decrease of blue-emitting intensity and new red-emitting peaks revealed thermal degradation and activator oxidation. The XPS results showed the surface chemical composition changes and the micro-structure adjustment. The defects elimination detected by TL could be responsible for this micro-structural corrosion. IR results further confirmed the changes on bond forms. These were direct evidence and specific forms for the micro-structural corrosion due to the thermal degradation. Based on the relationship between micro-structural corrosion and luminescence properties, a micro-structural corrosion mechanism was given for the thermal degradation of BAM phosphor. The thermal degradation was caused in parallel by the micro-structure corrosion and the activated ion (Eu2+) oxidation.
关键词： Micro-structural corrosion,Thermal degradation mechanism,BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+,Heat-treatment
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Peroxymonosulfate enhanced antibiotic removal and synchronous electricity generation in a photocatalytic fuel cell
摘要： Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is promising owing to its synchronous organic pollutants removal and energy recycle, but it still remains to improve in the cell performance. Herein, we demonstrate a synergistic method adding peroxymonosulfate (PMS) into PFC to promote antibiotic tetracycline (TC) degradation and simultaneous electric power generation. The introduction of PMS could be activated by the photoelectric effects, also used as the electrolyte and electron acceptor, which could enhance the photoelectrocatalysis and spread the reaction space from the electrode surface to the whole system. Herein, the PFC/PMS augmented the TC decontamination by 82.83% and electricity production by 122.40% versus the PFC without introducing PMS, respectively. In addition, factors controlled namely PMS dosage, solution pH, and UV intensity were investigated for the cell performance of the coupling system. Furthermore, UVeVis spectrum and TOC analysis con?rmed the destruction mineralization of TC. Moreover, a series of radicals quenching experiments were implemented to explore the cooperative elimination mechanism, and the results indicated that hydroxyl and sulfate radicals played the key roles at the acidic condition, and the direct oxidation of PMS dominated the chief effect at the neutral environment, and singlet oxygen and superoxide anion acted the primary function in the alkaline circumstance.
关键词： Tetracycline degradation,Electricity production,Photocatalytic fuel cell,Peroxymonosulfate activation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Enhanced photocatalytic activity of hierarchical titanium dioxide microspheres with combining carbon nanotubes as “e-bridge”
摘要： Enhancing photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) by efficient charge separation is essential but challenging. Herein, the recombination between photo-generated e–-h+ pairs is effectively hindered owing to the “e-bridge” formed between hierarchical TiO2 microspheres and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The as-prepared three-dimensional TiO2 microspheres covered by intercrossing lamellar crystals are abundant in pores and sharp edges, forming an ideal interface with large surface area and numerous active sites for photocatalysis. Combined with CNTs, the TiO2 microspheres are connected and stabilized. Moreover, the CNTs serve as pathways for electrons, benefiting the effective separation of e–-h+ pairs and accounting for the superior photocatalytic activity. Transient fluorescence spectra shows that the lifetime of electrons on TiO2 prolongs from 5.23 ns to 10.14 ns assisted by CNTs. In aqueous matrix, electrons gathering on the CNTs can react with O2 to produce O2–, and simultaneously, plenty of holes left in TiO2 host generate OH by oxidizing adsorbed H2O, producing abundant active species for photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol. The highest degradation efficiency in removing organic contaminants is achieved on TiO2@CNTs hybridized with CNTs weight ratio being 5%.
关键词： e-Bridge,Titanium dioxide,Carbon nanotubes,Organic pollutant,Photocatalytic degradation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29