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Nona??Conjugated Polymer Based on Polyethylene Backbone as Dopanta??Free Holea??Transporting Material for Efficient and Stable Inverted Quasia??2D Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Novel non-conjugated polymer based on polyethylene backbone, PVCz-OMeTPA with suitable energy levels, good hole mobility as well as excellent film-forming ability assisting the formation of high-quality perovskite films, is developed as efficient dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for inverted quasi-2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Quasi-2D PSCs using ultra-thin, dopant-free PVCz-OMeTPA as HTM exhibited excellent power conversion efficiency of 17.22% and long-term environmental stability.
关键词： low-cost,quasi-2D perovskite solar cells,main-chain non-conjugated polymer,dopant-free hole-transporting materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with 22.0% Efficiency Based on Inorganic-Organic Dopant-Free Double Hole Transporting Layers
摘要： Most of the high performance in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have only been achieved with two organic hole transporting materials: 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) and poly(triarylamine) (PTAA), but their high cost and low stability caused by the hygroscopic dopant greatly hinder the commercialization of PSCs. One effective alternative to address this problem is to utilize inexpensive inorganic hole transporting layer (i-HTL), but obtaining high efficiency via i-HTLs has remained a challenge. Herein, a well-designed inorganic–organic double HTL is constructed by introducing an ultrathin polymer layer dithiophene-benzene (DTB) between CuSCN and Au contact. This strategy not only enhances the hole extraction efficiency through the formation of cascaded energy levels, but also prevents the degradation of CuSCN caused by the reaction between CuSCN and Au electrode. Furthermore, the CuSCN layer also promotes the formation of a pinhole-free and compact DTB over layer in the CuSCN/DTB structure. Consequently, the PSCs fabricated with this CuSCN/DTB layer achieves the power conversion efficiency of 22.0% (certified: 21.7%), which is among the top efficiencies for PSCs based on dopant-free HTLs. Moreover, the fabricated PSCs exhibit high light stability under more than 1000 h of light illumination and excellent environmental stability at high temperature (85 °C) or high relative humidity (>60% RH).
关键词： dopant-free,high efficiency,stabilities,perovskite solar cells,double hole transporting layers
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Lithography-free and dopant-free back-contact silicon heterojunction solar cells with solution-processed TiO2 as the efficient electron selective layer
摘要： Lithography-free interdigitated back-contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells with dopant-free metal oxides (TiO2 and MoOx) as the carriers selective transport layers were investigated. Spin-coating and hot-wire reactive-sublimation deposition together with low cost mask technology were used to fabricate the solar cells. Insertion of a SiOx layer with the thickness of about 2.4 nm between the intrinsic amorphous Si (a-Si:H(i)) passivation layer and the spin-coated TiO2 layer greatly improves the solar cell performance due to the enhanced field-effect passivation of the a-Si:H(i)/SiOx/TiO2 layer stack. Efficiency up to 20.24% was achieved on the lithography-free and dopant-free IBC-SHJ devices with a-Si:H(i)/SiOx/TiO2 layer stack as the electron selective transport layer, a-Si:H(i)/MoOx as the hole selective transport layer, and WOx as the antireflection layer. The novel IBC-SHJ solar cells show significant advantages in simplification of the technology and process compared with the IBC-SHJ devices whose back surface pattering and carrier selective layers relied on photolithography and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
关键词： Heterojunction,Dopant-free,Back-contact,Lithography-free,Passivation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Achieving over 21% Efficiency in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells by Fluorinating a Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Material
摘要： Hole transporting materials (HTMs) play a critical role in ameliorating performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Dedicated HTMs can not only improve the hole extraction and efficiency but also the stability. Herein, PFDT-COOH and fluorinated derivative, PFDT-2F-COOH were introduced as dopant-free HTMs for inverted PSCs. Compared to PFDT-COOH, PFDT-2F-COOH exhibits a deeper the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, a higher work function on indium-tin oxide electrode, and an elevated built-in potential in the device. The PFDT-COOH device based on FA1-xMAxPbI3 mixed-cation perovskite exhibits a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.64%, while PFDT-2F-COOH device exhibits a champion PCE of 21.68%, which is touching the highest value (21.7%) attained in inverted single-junction PSCs. The elevated efficiency is attributed to reduction of carrier recombination and enhancemnt of carrier extraction via fluorinated strategy. In addition, the two devices also show excellent operational and thermal stabilities. Therefore, our work offers a feasible strategy for high efficiency and stable inverted PSCs.
关键词： hole transporting materials,efficiency,dopant-free,stability,perovskite solar cells,fluorination
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Molecular engineering of highly efficient dopant-free spiro-type hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
摘要： Up to now, the most efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) typically utilize Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transporting materials (HTMs). The unique “spiro” structure offers appropriate energy levels for hole transfer and high thermal stability with suppressed aggregation. However, the pristine Spiro-OMeTAD requires additional oxidizing dopants to work efficiently due to its low hole mobility. To retain the advantages of spiral structure and overcome its shortcomings, we demonstrate the design of three dopant-free HTMs with spiral structure by molecular engineering, in which three groups with different conjugated lengths, namely benzene, naphthalene and anthracene, are inserted between spiral core and electron donor. These designed molecules, Y-1~Y-3, are initially identified with quantum chemical calculations based on the mother molecule X59 and then are obtained by easy synthetic routes. Our studies show that the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states are formed in the designed molecules due to the introduction of conjugated groups, which produces a self-doping effect without the need to add any external dopant. The best-performing PSCs using the dopant-free Y-1 as HTM achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.29% under one sun illumination, which is higher than that of devices with X59 as dopant-free HTMs (14.64%). The present work provides an effective strategy for designing, synthesizing of highly efficient and stable dopant-free HTMs.
关键词： Perovskites solar cells,Dopant-free,Hole-transporting materials,Quantum chemical calculations,Spiral structure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Lead (II) Propionate Additive and A Dopant-Free Polymer HTM for CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： All-inorganic perovskites (CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br), owing to their greater thermal stability compared to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, are becoming popular in perovskite photovoltaics but the problem that remains with CsPbI2Br (or CsPbI3) is the humidity-assisted phase transformation. Herein, we report about the formation of CsPbI2Br α-phase and improvement of its phase stability under ambient atmosphere (20-30 % relative humidity) by Pb (II) propionate additive in the CsPbI2Br precursor. Solar cells employing CsPbI2Br film with an optimum concentration of the additive (1 mol %), and a donor-acceptor type polymer (synthesized by us) as dopant-free hole transport material that has a better energy level matching with CsPbI2Br (compared to other polymers like P3HT, PTAA, asy-PBTBDT) work with a champion power conversion cell efficiency of 14.58 %. A continuous increase in the open-circuit voltage, reaching 1.36 V for 5 mol % of Pb (II) propionate manifests a remarkable defects-passivation effect by the additive.
关键词： Pb (II) propionate,All-inorganic perovskites,dopant-free hole transport material,solar cells,CsPbI2Br
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dopant-free X-shaped D-A type hole-transporting materials for p-i-n perovskite solar cells
摘要： Azomethine compounds are accessible for palladium-free routes, paving a way for developing highly efficient and eco-friendly hole-transporting materials. This study reports three organic dopant-free X-shaped molecules (named D31, D32, and D33) were systematically designed, synthesized and characterized for fabricating p-i-n perovskite solar cells. The X-shaped design is based on a benzene core unit with four arms attached. Two of them are triphenylamines and two are azomethine bridges connected to functionalized phenyl rings (-H, -OCH3, -CN). These materials show suitable energy levels with respect to that of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. Based on this design, it is found that the hydrophobic nature of the three new compounds not only favors the formation of large grained and dense perovskite films but also improves stability of the devices. More encouragingly, the cyano-substituted D33 with donor-acceptor (D-A) type structure exhibit the superiority of high hole mobility and good film-forming property. The optimized unencapsulated device based on D33 in ambient environment exhibit 17.85% efficiency and retained 70% of the initial PCE after 400 hours.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,azomethine,dopant-free,hole-transport materials,donor-acceptor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Dopant‐Free Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Material Enabled High Fill Factor Over 81% for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Although perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have achieved rapid progress in the past few years, most of the high-performance device results are based on the doped small molecule hole-transporting material (HTM), spiro-OMeTAD, which affects their long-term stability. In addition, some defects from under-coordinated Pb atoms on the surface of perovskite films can also result in nonradiative recombination to affect device performance. To alleviate these problems, a dopant-free HTM based on a donor-acceptor polymer, PBT1-C, synthesized from the copolymerization between the benzodithiophene and 1,3-bis(4-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-alkyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione units is introduced. PBT1-C not only possesses excellent hole mobility, but is also able to passivate the surface traps of the perovskite films. The derived PVSC shows a high power conversion efficiency of 19.06% with a very high fill factor of 81.22%, which is the highest reported for dopant-free polymeric HTMs. The results from photoluminescence and trap density of states measurements validate that PBT1-C can effectively passivate both surface and grain boundary traps of the perovskite.
关键词： passivation,polymers,dopant-free,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Molecules for Highly Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaic with Strong Interfacial Interaction
摘要： One of the attractive ways to develop efficient and cost-effective inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is through the use of dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) with facile synthesis and a lower price tag. Herein, two organic small molecules with a fluorene core are presented as dopant-free HTMs in inverted PVSCs, namely, FB-OMeTPA and FT-OMeTPA. The two molecules are designed in such a way they differ by replacing one of the benzene rings (FB-OMeTPA) with thiophene (FT-OMeTPA), which leads to a significantly improved coplanarity as manifested in the redshift of the absorbance and a smaller bandgap energy. Density functional theory calculations show that FT-OMeTPA has a strong Pb2+–S interaction at the FT-OMeTPA/perovskite interface, allowing surface passivation and facilitating charge transfer across interfaces. As a result, the PVSCs based on FT-OMeTPA exhibit a much higher hole mobility, power conversion efficiency, operational stability, and less hysteresis as compared with devices based on FB-OMeTPA.
关键词： hole transporting materials,dopant-free,p-i-n,inverted perovskite photovoltaics,interfacial interactions
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Forming a metal-free oxidatively-coupled agent, bicarbazole, as a defect passivation for HTM and an interfacial layer in a p-i-n perovskite solar cell exhibits nearly 20% efficiency
摘要： In this study we synthesized three simple and inexpensive (34–120 USD/g) 3,3′-bicarbazole–based hole transporting materials (BC-HTMs; NP-BC, NBP-BC and PNP-BC) through a metal-free oxidative coupling, in excellent yields (≥ 95%). These bicarbazoles contain phenylene or biphenylene substituents on the carbazole N atom, with extended π-conjugation achieved through phenylene units at the 6,6′-positions of the bicarbazole. When using NBP-BC as a dopant-free HTM in a p–i–n perovskite solar cell (PSC), we achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.04% under AM 1.5G conditions (100 mW cm–2); this PCE was comparable with that obtained when using PEDOT:PSS as the HTM (12.67%). BC-HTMs showed the large grain size (μm) of perovskite than PEDOT:PSS-based, due to defect passiviation on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate and good hydrophobicity. Furthermore, we realized highly efficient and stable PSCs when using the p–i–n device structure ITO/NiOx/NP-BC/perovskite/PC61BM/BCP/Ag. The bifacial defect passivation effect of the interfacial layer improved the grain size of the perovskite layer and also enhanced the performance; the best performance of the NiOx/NP-BC device was characterized by a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.38 mA cm–2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.09 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 79.9%, corresponding to an overall PCE of almost 20%. This device structure has competitive potential because its performance is comparable with that of the record high efficiency PSCs. Under an Ar atmosphere, the PCE of the NiOx/NP-BC PSC device decayed by only 4.55% after 168 h; it retained 90.80% of its original PCE after 1000 h. A morphological study revealed that the films of the BC-HTMs were indeed smooth and hydrophobic, and that the perovskite films spin-coated upon them were uniform and featured large grains (micrometer scale). Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra of the perovskite films suggested that the hole extraction capabilities of the NiOx/BC-HTMs were better than that of the bare NiOx. The superior film morphologies of the NiOx/BC-HTMs were responsible for the performances of their devices being comparable with those of bare NiOx-based PSCs.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,3,3′-bicarbazole,perovskite solar cells,hole transporting materials,metal-free oxidative coupling,dopant-free
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52