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High-performance electrochromic device based on novel polyaniline nanofibers wrapped antimony-doped tin oxide/TiO2 nanorods
摘要： We report a novel electrochromic device (ECD) using polyaniline nanofibers wrapped antimony-doped tin oxide/TiO2 (ATO/TiO2@PANI) nanorods as electrochromic electrode material. The nanocomposites with core-shell structure were prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization where aniline was polymerized in ATO/TiO2 nanorods aqueous dispersion. PEDOT:PSS film which was a complementary coloring material was used as counter electrode. A gel electrolyte (GE) was used in ECD. The architectural design of ECD based on ATO/TiO2@PANI film was ITO/ATO-TiO2@PANI/GE/PEDOT:PSS/ITO (ECD-TPN). Compared with the ECD based on pure PANI film (ECD-PANI), higher optical contrast (38.5% at 660nm), higher coloration efficiency 202.2 cm2/C, faster response speed (tc=1.2 s, tb=1.0 s) and better cycling stability (sustaining 99.5% of its initial optical modulation after subjecting 5000 s) are archived by the ECD-TPN. The enhanced electrochromic properties are mainly attributed to the formation of the donor-acceptor system between the PANI nanofiber shell layer and the ATO/TiO2 nanorod, and the porous space among the ATO/TiO2@PANI nanocompsites and the PANI nanofibers, which can improve the efficiency of redox reaction, make the ion diffusion easier and provide larger surface area for charge-transfer reactions, respectively.
关键词： Chemical oxidative polymerization,ATO/TiO2,Electrochromism,Core-shell nanostructures,Polyaniline
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis and Electropolymerization of Furan End?capped Dibenzothiophene/Dibenzofuran and Electrochromic Properties of Their Polymers
摘要： Two furan end?capped dibenzothiophene/dibenzofuran five?membered ring monomers, 2,8?bis?(furan?2?yl)?dibenzothiophene (DBT?Fu) and 2,8?bis?(furan?2?yl)?dibenzofuran (DBF?Fu) were successfully synthesized via Stille couple reaction. Corresponding polymers, P(DBT?Fu) and P(DBF?Fu), were obtained by employed the electropolymerization. The surface morphology, electrochemical and optical properties of monomers and polymers were researched by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV?via spectra method. Both polymers exhibited obvious color changes from neutral state to oxidation state (from green?yellow to dark grey for P(DBT?Fu) and from beige to celadon for P(DBF?Fu)).
关键词： electrochromism,conducting polymers,furan,electropolymerization,dibenzothiophene/furan
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Arylamino-fluorene derivatives: Optically induced electron transfer investigation, redox-controlled modulation of absorption and fluorescence
摘要： A series of biarylaminofluorene-based systems with donor-π-donor (D-π-D) structure have been designed and synthesized in order to study the dependence on the π-conjugated bridge length of the intervalence charge-transfer transitions (IV-CT) and of the electronic coupling between the redox centers. To this purpose cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis-NIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and computational investigations have been carried out to characterize the electronic structure of the compounds in the neutral as well as in the mono- and dication states. Additionally, a study of related D-π compounds has been performed to elucidate the effect of the interaction between two redox centers. Interestingly it was observed that the mono- and dication species exhibit intense transition bands in the NIR region, in the 10000-15000 cm-1 range, whose intensity depends on the oxidation state and thus it can be reversibly tuned by an applied potential. In a similar way, all compounds show an oxidation state dependent fluorescence which leads to electrofluorochromism. Particularly significant is the mixed valence behavior that provides these systems singular optoelectronic properties, making them excellent active components for electrochromic and electrofluorochromic applications.
关键词： Fluorene,Optically induced electron transfer,Triarylamines,NIR-Electrochromism,Electrofluorochromism,Mixed-Valence
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Bifunctional nanoscale assemblies: multistate electrochromics coupled with charge trapping and release
摘要： We demonstrate controlled charge trapping and release, accompanied by multiple color changes in a metallo-organic bilayer. The dual functionality of the metallo-organic materials provides a fundamental insight into the metal-mediated electron transport pathways. The electrochemical processes are accompanied by distinct, four color–to–color transitions: red, transparent, orange, and brown. The bilayer consists of two elements: (i) a nanoscale gate consisting of a layer of well-defined polypyridyl ruthenium complexes bound to a flexible transparent electrode, and (ii) a charge storage layer consisting of isostructural iron complexes attached to the surface of the gate. This gate mediates or blocks electron transport in response to a voltage. The charge storage and release depend on the oxidation state of the layer of ruthenium complexes (= gate). Combining electrochemistry with optical data revealed mechanistic information: the brown coloration of the bilayer directly relates to the formation of intermediate ruthenium species, providing evidence for catalytic positive charge release mediated through the gate.
关键词： Thin films,Charge storage,Electrochromism,Metallo-organics,Electrochemistry
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Controllable Fabrication of Perylene Bisimide Self-assembled Film and Patterned All-solid-state Electrochromic Device
摘要： A water-soluble perylene bisimide derivative of N,N-bis(2-phosphonoethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenediimide (PPDI) was synthesized by introducing phosphoric acid units. PPDI self-assembled films were prepared controllably on hydroxylated ITO glass through a zirconium-phosphonate approach. There is a linear increase between the film thickness and the number of self-assembly layers. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical analysis reveal that the PPDI self-assembed films show excellent reversible redox behavior and cathodic electrochromic character which can be switched from a neutral orange-red color to deep purple color in the reduced state. In particular, the PPDI self-assembled film with 10 layers have good integrated performance in term of reasonable optical contrast (31%), fast switching time (0.75 s) and good cycle stability. A large-scale patterned all-solid-state electrochromic device (50 mm × 60 mm) was fabricated by utilizing PPDI self-assembled film as the electrochromic layer and the device shows obvious reversible electrochromism, which provides a new direction for the production of electrochromic device, like smart-window, sunglasses and electronic tags.
关键词： Perylene bisimide,Layer-by-layer self-assembly,Cathodic electrochromism,Patterned electrochromic device,Controllable fabrication
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Surface modification of sputter deposited γ-WO3 thin film for scaled electrochromic behaviour
摘要： In this research work, the synthesis and the electrochromic (EC) performance of the active material (γ-WO3) is reported. Nanoporous γ-WO3 thin ?lm was grown directly on the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate using DC magnetron sputtering in a reactive environment (Ar:O2 = 2:1) at room temperature (RT). To achieve the nanoporous-nanocrystalline behaviour of the active material, a thermal treatment (250 °C) was given, which modi?ed the compact ?lm surface into nanospheres. This surface modi?cation is responsible to alter the physical, optical and electrochromic properties of the active material. The physical properties of the active material were probed in detail using X-ray di?raction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The optical and electrochromic behaviour of the active electrode material was analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It has been found that the modi?ed electrode exhibited large optical modulation (46%), high reversible redox behaviour (higher current density) and good cyclic stability at least upto 500 cycles, causes scaled EC behaviour. This electrochemically active architecture allow one to fabricate the device for energy harvesting applications. Our work indorse human comfort with ?nancial bene?ts and may play a crucial role in “green nanotechnology”.
关键词： Transmittance,WO3 thin ?lms,Sputtering,Nanoporous,Electrochromism
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Bifunctional nanoscale assemblies: multistate electrochromics coupled with charge trapping and release
摘要： We demonstrate controlled charge trapping and release, accompanied by multiple color changes in a metallo-organic bilayer. The dual functionality of the metallo-organic materials provides a fundamental insight into the metal-mediated electron transport pathways. The electrochemical processes are accompanied by distinct, four color–to–color transitions: red, transparent, orange, and brown. The bilayer consists of two elements: (i) a nanoscale gate consisting of a layer of well-defined polypyridyl ruthenium complexes bound to a flexible transparent electrode, and (ii) a charge storage layer consisting of isostructural iron complexes attached to the surface of the gate. This gate mediates or blocks electron transport in response to a voltage. The charge storage and release depend on the oxidation state of the layer of ruthenium complexes (= gate). Combining electrochemistry with optical data revealed mechanistic information: the brown coloration of the bilayer directly relates to the formation of intermediate ruthenium species, providing evidence for catalytic positive charge release mediated through the gate.
关键词： Thin films,Electrochromism,Metallo-organics,Electrochemistry,Charge storage
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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11.2: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Electrochromics for Full Color e-Paper and Energy-Saving Application
摘要： Novel multicolor electrochromic (EC) device based on electrochemical silver deposition was successfully demonstrated. The EC device exhibited reversible multicolor change of primary colors― transparent, magenta, cyan, yellow, black (CMYK) and silver mirror ―in a single cell by using electrochemical method which controlled the morphology of silver deposit.
关键词： Silver electrodeposition,Electrochromism,Localized surface plasmon resonance,Electrochemistry,Multicolor
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Enhanced electrochromic performances of Polythieno[3,2-b]thiophene with multicolor conversion via embedding EDOT segment
摘要： A heterocyclic oligomer, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) end-capped famous 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) unit and their electrosynthesized polymer P(TT-EDOT-TT) have been facilely achieved. To in-depth understand the effects of structural modification on physico-chemical properties and electrochromic performances of monomers and/or polymers, the absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, micromorphology, and spectro-electrochemistry were systematically studied. In contrast to TT and EDOT, TT-EDOT-TT possessed extended π-conjugation and narrowed band gap in molecular level. Through carefully comparison with PTT, it has been found that the electrochromic performances of P(TT-EDOT-TT) film exhibited much higher optical contrast (69%, while 3% for PTT in the near-infrared region) and superior coloring efficiency (255.3 cm2 C?1, while 36.8 cm2 C?1 for PTT), and switching times (within 1 s, while more than 9 s for PTT). Notably, P(TT-EDOT-TT) film can achieve the mutual conversion between RGB primary colors (red–green–blue) under variable voltages, which hold quite promising for display applications.
关键词： Conjugated polymers,Polythieno[3,2-b]thiophene,Electrochromism
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Stable Thiele’s Hydrocarbon Derivatives Exhibiting Near-Infrared Absorption/Emission and Two-Step Electrochromism
摘要： We report synthesis and characterization of near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing/emitting Thiele’s hydrocarbon derivatives, in which four aryl groups are bridged to a quinodimethane skeleton. The quinoid structure of the bridged-tetra-aryl-p-quinodimethanes (BTAQs) was confirmed by spectroscopic, X-ray crystallographic, and computational methods. Although quinodimethane derivatives with a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap often exhibit biradical character, BTAQs showed no biradical character. Instead, they exhibited two-step near-infrared electrochromism. The donor/acceptor properties of the aryl groups were found to play a key role in the unique properties of BTAQs.
关键词： Thiele’s hydrocarbon,emission,absorption,electrochromism,near-infrared
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36