- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Self-synchronized Encryption for Physical Layer in 10Gbps Optical Links
摘要： in this work a new self-synchronized encryption method for 10 Gigabit optical links is proposed and developed. Necessary modifications to introduce this kind of encryption in physical layers based on 64b/66b encoding, such as 10GBase-R, have been considered. The proposed scheme encrypts directly the 64b/66b blocks by using a symmetric stream cipher based on an FPE (Format Preserving Encryption) block cipher operating in PSCFB (Pipelined Statistical Cipher Feedback) mode. One of the main novelties in this paper is the security analysis done for this mode. For the first time, an expression for the IND-CPA (Indistinguishability under Chosen-Plaintext Attack) advantage of any adversary over this scheme has been derived. Moreover, it has been concluded that this mode can be considered secure in the same way of traditional modes are. In addition, the overall system has been simulated and implemented in an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). An encrypted optical link has been tested with Ethernet data frames, concluding that it is possible to cipher traffic at this level, getting maximum throughput and hiding traffic pattern from passive eavesdroppers.
关键词： self-synchronous encryption,Optical Communications,Ethernet,Pipeline Statistical Cipher Feedback
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
-
Error correction for short-range optical interconnect using COTS transceivers
摘要： Nowadays, quantities of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) optical transceivers are widely equipped in both exiting and abuilding data centers. As data centers are becoming larger and containing more servers, the method to ensure longer and steady transmission with COTS optical transceivers becomes one of the key issues. Meanwhile, variations in the manufacturing of COTS optical transceivers bring in fluctuation of packet error rate (PER) in communication. In this paper, we present an application layer adaptive forward error correction (AL-AFEC) coding scheme for COTS optical transceivers in optical interconnect to solve the problems mentioned above and test its performance in a 10 Gbps Ethernet (10GbE) link using 10GBASE-SR SFP+ modules. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme enables longer transmission distance and the instability introduced by manufactural variations is well settled. Since our scheme requires no extra hardware on optical transceivers, it is a considerable low-cost alternative to improve system reliability and achieve longer transmission distance for COTS optical transceivers.
关键词： short-range optical interconnect,ethernet,vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL),application layer adaptive forward error correction,commercial off-the-shelf optical transceiver
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
-
Lane Adaptive Recovery for Multiple Lane Faults in Optical Ethernet Link
摘要： We propose a lane adaptive recovery scheme for multiple lane faults in a multi-lane-based Ethernet link. In our scheme, when lane faults occur in a link, they are processed not as full link faults but as partial link faults. Our scheme provides a higher link utilization and lower packet loss rate by reusing the available lanes of the link and providing a low recovery time of under a microsecond.
关键词： Multiple lane faults,multi-lane-based Ethernet link,lane recovery
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
-
[IEEE 2018 4th International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT) - Mangalore, India (2018.9.6-2018.9.8)] 2018 4th International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Computing and Communication Technology (iCATccT) - A concept of energy efficient LED lighting using Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) technology
摘要： LED lighting is found universal acceptance for being affordable and energy ef?cient. The next big step for LED lighting is enabling LED ?xtures to work in Internet-of- Things (IoT) infrastructure. Power-over-Ethernet(PoE) standard delivers power and data via a Ethernet cable from a power source such as a hub directly to the network port of a connected powered device, in the case of lighting the powered device can be a LED bulb.In this paper the concept of energy ef?cient LED lighting using PoE technology is discussed in brief.The bene?ts PoE technology provides and challenges that needs to be addressed are highlighted.
关键词： energy,lighting,ef?ciency,light emitting diode,solid state lighting,Power over Ethernet,POE,LED,SSL
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
-
[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Industry Trends for 400 Gb/s and Beyond Applications
摘要： After the implementation of 100-Gb/s pluggable optics, the optical communications is marching towards 400-Gb/s era. We will review our recent demonstration and study for 400 Gb/s and beyond client and line side optical interconnect.
关键词： coherent communication,optical communications,400G Ethernet,direct detection,packet optics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - 120m 10Mbps Ethernet Transmission Based on Visible Light Communication using a Single Commercially Available LED
摘要： In this paper, a VLC system is implemented,which combines with existing network (10Base-T). The transmitter uses a LED, and the receiver uses an APD. The system can realize real-time data transmission of 10Mbps Ethernet over 120m under strong background light.
关键词： LED,VLC,10Mbps Ethernet,Differential Manchester encoding,RJ-45
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Efficient Optical Alignment Technique for Compact 100 and 400 GbE TOSAs with Integrated Multiplexing with Free Space Optics
摘要： An efficient and low-cost optical alignment technique is for the first time established for compact transmitter optical sub-assemblies (TOSAs) with an integrated multiplexer based on free space optics (FSO) for 100 and 400 Gbps Ethernet (GbE) applications. A compact FSO system for the 100 GbE TOSA is fabricated in a compact package 6.5 mm × 15.1 mm × 5.6 mm in size to confirm the validity of the technique. It is demonstrated by experiment that the optimum optical alignment condition can successfully be figured out by this technique without any expensive equipment, which has been a significant issue for TOSAs with integrated FSO systems, confirming the validity of the technique. Further, Monte Carlo simulations show that the optical output power distribution across the lanes is compatible with the 100 GbE LR4 specification, indicating the suitability of the proposed low-cost alignment technique. It is also shown that the acceptable long-term power variation required for reliability is predicted owing to the relaxation of the positional tolerance of the collimator lenses, which is obtained by the proposed technique. Finally the feasibility of the technique is discussed for 400 GbE TOSAs with eight-lane optical systems.
关键词： transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA),laser diode (LD),100 and 400 Gbps Ethernet (GbE),Free space optics (FSO),hybrid integration
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
-
Chaotic Encryption for 10-Gb Ethernet Optical Links
摘要： In this paper, a new physical layer encryption method for optical 10-Gb Ethernet links is proposed. Necessary modifications to introduce encryption in Ethernet 10GBase-R standard have been considered. This security enhancement has consisted of a symmetric streaming encryption of the 64b/66b data flow at physical coding sublayer level thanks to two keystream generators based on a chaotic algorithm. The overall system has been implemented and tested in a field programmable gate array. Ethernet traffic has been encrypted, transmitted, and decrypted over a multimode optical link. Experimental results are analyzed concluding that it is possible to cipher traffic at this level and hide the complete Ethernet traffic pattern from any passive eavesdropper. In addition, no overhead is introduced during encryption, getting no losses in the total throughput.
关键词： Ethernet,stream cipher,skew tent map,10GBASE-R,cryptography
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
-
[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Design Considerations for an Energy-Aware SDN-Based Architecture in 5G EPON Nodes
摘要： In the evolution of telecommunication industry towards 5G, Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPON) technology, with some unique features such as high capacity, low latency, and minimum cost per bit, positions itself as an interesting option for backhauling solution in the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) scenarios. It is expected to see the converged optical-radio nodes play a crucial role in future networks. To maximize the benefits of the 5G EPON networks, besides all other challenges, it is essential to address two main issues, namely softwarization and energy efficiency. To this end, in this paper, initially we introduce a framework to have an open control layer based on SDN (Software-Defined Networks), able to prepare the EPON backhaul to deal with the 5G applications and services. Then we introduce a solution that minimizes the energy consumption of EPON networks without imposing additional packet delay.
关键词： Ethernet passive optical network (EPON),software defined networking (SDN),5G network,OpenFlow protocol,energy saving,passive optical network (PON)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
[IEEE 2018 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE) - Amsterdam (2018.8.27-2018.8.30)] 2018 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE) - Optical TEMPEST
摘要： Research on optical TEMPEST has moved forward since 2002 when the ?rst pair of papers on the subject emerged independently and from widely separated locations in the world within a week of each other. Since that time, vulnerabilities have evolved along with systems, and several new threat vectors have consequently appeared. Although the supply chain ecosystem of Ethernet has reduced the vulnerability of billions of devices through use of standardised PHY solutions, other recent trends including the Internet of Things (IoT) in both industrial settings and the general population, High Frequency Trading (HFT) in the ?nancial sector, the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and inexpensive drones have made it relevant again for consideration in the design of new products for privacy. One of the general principles of security is that vulnerabilities, once ?xed, sometimes do not stay that way.
关键词： vulnerabilities,privacy,Ethernet,GDPR,IoT,optical TEMPEST,security,HFT
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46