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Prediction Quality of Glucose Trend Indicators in Two Continuous Tissue Glucose Monitoring SystemsParts of these data were previously presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, September 11–15, 2017, Lisbon, Portugal.
摘要： Background: Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM) systems often provide glucose trend indicators (e.g., arrows) in addition to current glucose values. These indicators are recommended to be used in therapeutic decisions, because they are ascribed predictive qualities by CGM system manufacturers and expert committees. This study assessed how reliably trend indicators match future glucose change, because such information is missing. Methods: In a clinical trial, two different CGM systems were used by 20 participants, with two sensors of each system per patient. Participants used the systems for 14 days with three study site visits (48 h each). During study site visits, glucose trend indicators, as displayed by the CGM systems, were recorded at least once per hour during daytime and once at night in a diary. In addition, CGM data were downloaded from the devices. Trend indicators were compared with glucose change calculated from CGM data >30 min after recording the trend indicator. Results: Approximately 60% of trend indicators matched the glucose change calculated from CGM data. More than 10% of trend indicators differed by at least two trend indicator categories. Focusing on trend indicators recorded around carbohydrate (CHO) intake and insulin deliveries resulted in approximately half of trend indicators matching the calculated glucose change. Conclusions: Trend indicators do not always match future glucose change, especially within the first few hours after CHO intake and insulin deliveries. Manufacturers’ labeling and recommendations should reflect this, so that CGM users can make informed decisions.
关键词： Trend arrow,Trend indicator,Continuous glucose monitoring,Nonadjunctive use,Blood glucose monitoring replacement
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Cleveland, OH, USA (2018.10.17-2018.10.19)] 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) - Battery-Free. Sticker-Like, Device for Health Monitoring, Operated by Optical Power Transfer
摘要： This work presents the concept of a battery-free, sticker-like, device for a non-invasive health-monitoring sensor. The device consists of two functional blocks: an optical power-transfer block and an amperometric measurement block. The former accumulates power from a series-connected photovoltaic cell in a capacitor and intermittently supplies the power to the amperometric measurement circuit. This circuit is driven by powering pulses and displays the amperometric current as the durations of the light pulses from a light-emitting diode. The function of the circuit was successfully demonstrated through simulations, in which the equivalent circuit of an electrochemical glucose sensor was used as an example. The simulation results showed that the proposed device would work as expected for a variety of glucose concentrations at an oxidation voltage of 0.8 V.
关键词： optical power transfer,personalized medicine,battery-free,non-invasive,glucose monitoring,electrochemical
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Biomedical applications of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers – a review
摘要： Mid-infrared spectroscopy has been applied to research in biology and medicine for more than 20 years and conceivable applications have been identified. More recently, these applications have been shown to benefit from the use of quantum cascade lasers due to their specific properties, namely high spectral power density, small beam parameter product, narrow emission spectrum and, if needed, tuning capabilities. This review provides an overview of the achievements and illustrates some applications which benefit from the key characteristics of quantum cascade laser-based mid-infrared spectroscopy using examples such as breath analysis, the investigation of serum, non-invasive glucose monitoring in bulk tissue and the combination of spectroscopy and microscopy of tissue thin sections for rapid histopathology.
关键词： quantum cascade lasers,glucose monitoring,mid-infrared spectroscopy,histopathology,breath analysis,biomedical applications
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Wearable-band Type Visible-Near Infrared Optical Biosensor for Non-invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring
摘要： Diabetes is a worldwide-serious problem that can only be delayed or prevented by a regular monitoring of blood glucose (BG) concentration level. Continuous monitoring systems allow subjects to prepare the diabetes management strategy and prevent the long-term complications diseases. Until now, most studies utilize various biofluids such as sweat, tears and saliva that have serious unresolved setback such as expensive material, sensor stability, sensor calibration and long-settling time. Therefore, we developed a novel BG sensor which is cost efficient and highly wearable with a small data acquisition time window that allow a non-invasive, long-term continuous blood glucose monitoring (CGM) system. The novel biosensor exploits a unique information of the pulsatile to continuous components of the arterial blood volume pulsation during the change of blood glucose (BG) concentration at the wrist tissue. The reflected optical signal was measured in the combine visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. An in-vivo experiment which enclosed 12 volunteers in a two-hour modified carbohydrate-rich meals reached the average correlation coefficient (????) between the estimated and reference BG concentration of 0.86, with the standard prediction error (SPE) of 6.16 mg/dl. Moreover, the full-day experiment was also conducted to test the reliability of the proposed sensor. Results showed that the created model in the previous day, may estimate a full-day BG concentration which was done in next day with an adequate performance.
关键词： Wearable Sensor,Optical Biosensor,Noninvasive Measurement,Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy,Diabetes,Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) - Ostrava, Czech Republic (2018.9.17-2018.9.20)] 2018 IEEE 20th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom) - Investigation on Dielectric Properties of Glucose Aqueous Solutions at 500 KHz-5MHz for Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring
摘要： Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring (NBGM) provides patient with diabetes a prospective approach with the characteristics of painless and sustainable monitoring. In this study, the dielectric properties of glucose aqueous solutions, namely, deionized water solutions and saline solutions were studied. Specifically, the conductivity and the dielectric constant were measured by using impedance analyzer in the frequencies range of 500 KHz to 5MHz at 25°C. The results showed that both the dielectric constant and the conductivity for the two types of glucose aqueous solutions decreased with the increase of glucose concentration in the above frequency band. By comparing the two solutions with human blood, it was found that the dielectric properties of physiological saline are closer to that of human blood. In the study, saline solution was adopted as research object. In order to formulate the relationship between the dielectric properties of saline solutions and glucose concentration, the third-order Cole-Cole model for each glucose concentration was developed and the coefficient of determination R2 was as higher as 0.99. In addition, a second-order polynomial is used to model the glucose concentration dependence for the Cole–Cole parameters. The result indicates that the NBGM at low frequencies has potentials in practical applications.
关键词： dielectric properties,Cole-Cole parameters,glucose concentration,Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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The Eye as a Window to Health: Albeit Slow, Research is Progressing on Contact Lenses for Medical Diagnostics
摘要： The idea is a compelling one: a device that looks and feels like an ordinary contact lens but that can continuously monitor a variety of health indicators. For a diabetic, such a lens might update blood glucose levels and, using a built-in flashing LED indicator light, signal when a condition needs attention. Diabetic patients might be saved from the need for repeated finger prick tests and could be monitored for longer periods of time and for a greater variety of parameters at once.
关键词： contact lenses,health monitoring,glucose monitoring,diabetes,medical diagnostics
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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A review of optical methods for continuous glucose monitoring
摘要： Frequent glucose monitoring is a fundamental part of diabetes management, and good glucose control is important for long-term health outcomes. New types of electrochemical sensors that allow for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have become an important tool for diabetes management, although they still have drawbacks such as short lifetime and a need for frequent calibration. Other technologies are still being researched for CGM, in an attempt to replace the electrochemical sensors. Optical methods have several advantages for CGM, including potentially long sensor lifetimes and short measurement times, and many developments have been made over the last decades. This paper will review optical measurement methods for CGM, their challenges, and the current research status. The different methods will be compared, and the future prospects for optical methods will be discussed.
关键词： Optical spectroscopy,glucose sensors,continuous glucose monitoring,quantitative optical methods,biomedical applications
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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“Guide Star” Assisted Noninvasive Photoacoustic Measurement of Glucose
摘要： A novel “guide star” assisted photoacoustic (GSPA) method for noninvasive glucose measurement has been proposed. Instead of receiving PA signals that are directly generated by tissue, a virtual photodiode is employed to amplify the PA signal difference regarding amplitude and peak arrival time caused by glucose concentration variations in an indirect way. Being different from traditional PA spectroscopy, this method can improve sensitivity and accuracy by optimizing optical path lengths (or tissue thickness). On the other hand, being superior to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, it utilizes both optical absorption and acoustic propagation velocity information offered by PA signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation have been done to illustrate how the concentration change affects the PA waveform. In vitro experiments on aqueous glucose solution were conducted with concentrations varying in human physiological range (50~350 mg/dL). Performance of quartz cuvettes with 1-mm and 2-mm optical path lengths were compared in terms of correlation quality (R2), degree of agreement (Bland-Altman plot) and clinical accuracy (Clarke’s Error Grid analysis) to demonstrate the scalability of sensitivity provided by the indirect method. Longer optical length shows better sensitivity and accuracy in this case. Moreover, detection was also done on human blood serum to further prove the potential of the proposed method for clinical application. Our proposed method provides solution to enhance sensitivity, facilitating development of portable and low-cost PA sensors with low power laser diodes for noninvasive glucose monitoring and other applications.
关键词： near-infrared,photoacoustics,virtual photodiode,noninvasive glucose monitoring,Diabetes Mellitus
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Flattened fiber-optic ATR sensor enhanced by silver nanoparticles for glucose measurement
摘要： This paper proposes a novel fiber attenuated total reflection (ATR) sensor with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the flattened structure based on mid-infrared spectroscopy for detecting low concentration of glucose with high precision. The flattened structure was designed to add the effective optical path length to improve the sensitivity. AgNPs were then deposited on the surface of the flattened area of the fiber via chemical silver mirror reaction for further improving the sensitivity by enhancing the infrared absorption. Combining the AgNPs modified flattened fiber ATR sensor with a CO2 laser showed a strong mid-infrared glucose absorption, with an enhancement factor of 4.30. The glucose concentration could be obtained by a five-variable partial least-squares model with a root-mean-square error of 4.42 mg/dL, which satisfies clinical requirements. Moreover, the fiber-based technique provides a pretty good method to fabricate miniaturized ATR sensors that are suitable to be integrated into a microfluidic chip for continuous glucose monitoring with high sensitivity.
关键词： Attenuated total reflection sensor,Mid-infrared spectroscopy,Flattened structure,AgNPs,Continuous glucose monitoring
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Silicon Carbide Biotechnology || SiC RF Antennas for In Vivo Glucose Monitoring and WiFi Applications
摘要： The American Diabetes Association estimates that nearly 10% of the US population has diabetes and that, by 2050, one in three Americans will have diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease in which the body is unable to produce or properly use insulin, leading to elevated glucose levels in the blood, known as hyperglycemia. A person with frequent or extended episodes of hyperglycemia can suffer from complications in the nervous system, blood vessels, and other organs, as well as heart disease, kidney disease, strokes, vision loss, and amputation [1,2,3]. Therefore, maintaining a healthy glucose level is essential in a person’s life.
关键词： SiC,Biocompatibility,RF Antennas,Glucose Monitoring,WiFi Applications,Diabetes
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14