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Associations of Perioperative Renal Oximetry Via Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Urinary Biomarkers, and Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Infants After Congenital Heart Surgery
摘要： Objectives: Examine the relationship between perioperative renal regional tissue oximetry, urinary biomarkers, and acute kidney injury in infants after congenital cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Design: Prospective, observational. Setting: Cardiac operating room and cardiac ICU. Patients: Neonates and infants without history of kidney injury or anatomic renal abnormality. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Renal regional tissue oximetry was measured intraoperatively and for 48 hours postoperatively. Urinary levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 together with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 were measured preoperatively, 2, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Patients were categorized as no acute kidney injury, stage 1, or Stage 2–3 acute kidney injury using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria with 43 of 70 (61%) meeting criteria for any stage acute kidney injury. Stage 2–3 acute kidney injury patients had higher tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 at 2 hours (0.3 vs 0.14 for stage 1 acute kidney injury and 0.05 for no acute kidney injury; p = 0.052) and 24 hours postoperatively (1.71 vs 0.27 for stage 1 acute kidney injury and 0.19 for no acute kidney injury, p = 0.027) and higher neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels at 24 hours postoperatively (10.3 vs 3.4 for stage 1 acute kidney injury and 6.2 for no acute kidney injury, p = 0.019). Stage 2–3 acute kidney injury patients had lower mean cardiac ICU renal regional tissue oximetry (66% vs 79% for stage 1 acute kidney injury and 84% for no acute kidney injury, p = 0.038). Regression analyses showed that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 at 2 hours postoperatively and nadir intraoperative renal regional tissue oximetry to be independent predictors of postoperative kidney damage as measured by urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Conclusions: We observed modest differences in perioperative renal regional tissue oximetry and urinary biomarker levels compared between acute kidney injury groups classified by creatinine-dependent Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria, but there were significant correlations between renal regional tissue oximetry, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7, and postoperative neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels. Kidney injury after infant cardiac surgery may be undetectable by functional assessment (creatinine) alone, and continuous monitoring of renal regional tissue oximetry may be more sensitive to important subclinical acute kidney injury.
关键词： near-infrared spectroscopy,infant,biomarker,congenital heart surgery,cardiac intensive care unit,acute kidney injury
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Development of Quality-Controlled Low-Dose Protocols for Radiography in the Neonatal ICU Using a New Mobile Digital Radiography System
摘要： The aim of this study was to develop a low-dose radiography protocol for the neonatal ICU (NICU) using a new mobile digital radiography system with advanced denoising image processing and to evaluate the noninferiority of that protocol. In this prospective randomized study, 40 neonates in the NICU underwent radiography of the thorax and abdomen with two different mobile radiography units: conventional technique on one unit (50 kV, 1.6 mAs, and no additional filtration) and a new technique on another unit (54 kV, 0.1-mm Cu filtration). Three low-dose protocols for the second unit were developed in a phantom study: protocol A (100% equivalent dose with conventional protocol), protocol B (80% equivalent dose), and protocol C (64% equivalent dose). The noninferiority of each low-dose protocol was assessed by three independent readers using image quality criteria. Forty patients each underwent three pairs of radiography examinations (protocol A and the conventional protocol, protocol B and the conventional protocol, and protocol C and the conventional protocol), except one pair that did not include one image of the conventional protocol. The interrater reliability among the three readers was 0.91 (p < 0.001). Both of the low-dose protocols (B and C) were statistically noninferior to the conventional protocol with respect to overall image quality. Protocol B better depicted almost all anatomic landmarks and had better overall image quality than the conventional protocol. Using appropriate technique and acquisition factors, radiation dose can be lowered on a digital radiography system without significant effect on the image quality by adding filtrations and a new denoising technique.
关键词： prospective study,radiography,neonatal ICU,infant,neonate,radiation dosage
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Quantification of calcium in infant formula using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics including data fusion
摘要： Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics were investigated to quantify calcium (Ca) content in infant formula powder (INF). INF samples (n=51) with calcium content levels (ca. 6.5-30 mg Ca/100kJ) were prepared in accordance with the guidelines of Commission Directive 2006/125/EC. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used as the reference method for Ca content determination. To predict Ca content in INF samples, partial least squares regression (PLSR) models that developed based on LIBS, Raman and FT-IR spectral data, respectively. The model developed using LIBS data achieved the best performance for the quantification of Ca content in INF (R2 (cross-validation (CV))-0.99, RMSECV-0.29 mg/g; R2 (prediction (P))-1, RMSEP-0.63 mg/g). PLSR models that developed based on data fusion of Raman and FT-IR spectral features obtained the second best performance (R2CV-0.97, RMSECV-0.38 mg/g; R2P-0.97, RMSEP-0.36 mg/g). This study demonstrated the potential of LIBS, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy to accurately quantify Ca content in INF.
关键词： Fourier transform mid-infrared,laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,chemometrics,Raman spectroscopy,calcium,infant formula
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photovoltaic Module Reliability || Qualification Testing
摘要： Chapter 3 described the types of accelerated stress tests that are typically applied to photovoltaic (PV) modules. These tests are used in research to evaluate how well modules perform in relation to the specific stresses applied during these tests. However, what the industry needs is a defined set of accelerated stress tests that can be applied to all modules in the same way. Such a set of tests are called Qualification Tests or often in Europe are referred to as Type Approval Testing. Qualification tests are a set of well‐defined accelerated stress tests developed out of a reliability program. They incorporate strict pass/fail criteria. Hoffman and Ross [1] defined the purpose of qualification testing as a means of rapidly detecting the presence of known failure or degradation modes in the intended environment(s). The stress levels and durations are limited so the tests can be completed within a reasonable amount of time and cost. One of the goals of Qualification testing is for a significant number of commercial module types to pass and that all subsequent production modules will be built the same way as the modules that were tested. Passing the Qualification test says the product meets the specific set of criteria, but doesn’t predict product lifetime nor indicate which product will last longer or which will degrade in operation. However, if properly designed, the Qualification test will be a good indicator that modules passing the test sequence will not suffer from infant mortality – that is they will survive for a reasonable amount of time in the field. The real usefulness of such a Qualification test sequence can only be validated by assessing the field performance of products that have successfully passed the test sequence.
关键词： failure or degradation modes,reliability program,pass/fail criteria,photovoltaic (PV) modules,Type Approval Testing,field performance,Qualification Tests,infant mortality
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Plasmonic ELISA based on DNA-directed gold nanoparticle growth for Cronobacter detection in powdered infant formula samples
摘要： The traditional gold nanoparticle (AuNP) growth-based plasmonic ELISA (pELISA) strictly and directly controlled by reducing reagents can achieve high sensitivity, but it remains fragile toward the surrounding environment. This work developed a sandwich pELISA for Cronobacter detection in powdered infant formula samples by mediating AuNP growth through DNA. In this assay, DNA adsorbed on the surface of gold nanoseeds guided the anisotropic crystal growth with hydroxylamine as a reducing reagent, and the catalase–hydrogen peroxide (Cat–H2O2) system was introduced to bridge the DNA-directed AuNP growth and pELISA, as such DNA can be cleaved into fragments by the hydroxyl radical generated from oxidation of H2O2 through Fenton reagents. Under optimized conditions, the proposed pELISA can qualitatively detect Cronobacter species (Cronobacter muytjensii ATCC 51329) by the naked eye with a cut-off limit of 3 × 105 cfu/mL. This method also revealed a good linear range (3 × 102 to 3 × 107 cfu/mL) for quantitative detection of C. muytjensii ATCC 51329 with a limit of detection of 1.6 × 102 cfu/mL, which is approximately 162.5 times lower than that of horseradish peroxidase-based conventional ELISA (2.6 × 104 cfu/mL). By taking advantage of highly stable DNA-directed AuNP growth, the proposed method shows a good performance in powdered infant formula samples spiked with different concentrations of C. muytjensii ATCC 51329 with average recoveries ranging from 90.79 to 119.09% and coefficient of variation ranging from 4.24 to 9.55%. These values corresponded to an acceptable accuracy and precision for the proposed method. In brief, this work shows potential for screening other analytes in food safety, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
关键词： gold nanoparticle growth,Cronobacter,powdered infant formula,plasmonic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,DNA-directed
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Quantification of melamine in infant formula using a handheld Raman spectrometer – Performance boost with customized Arduino-controlled rotation setup
摘要： This study investigated the performance of a handheld Raman spectrometer in quantifying melamine in infant formula. Furthermore, the spectrometer’s standard stationary sample holder was compared to a custom-built sample rotation unit. The Raman spectra were divided into a calibration set, which was used to construct the partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models, and a test set, which served the purpose of evaluating the model performance with independent samples. It was found that it was possible to reduce the prediction error of melamine in infant formula by up to about 70% using the simple in-house constructed rotation setup. Compared to the rotation setup, even an increased number of point measurements using the spectrometer’s standard sample holder was not able to compensate for the lack of representative sample presentation of the inhomogeneous solid mixture to the Raman spectrometer. Moreover, it was found that the custom-built rotation unit enabled faster sample measurements by an adaption of spectrometer parameters. At the same time, the prediction error of the test set samples was kept far lower than with the stationary setup.
关键词： PLS-R,Raman Spectroscopy,Rotation,Melamine,Handheld,Infant Formula
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Direct analysis of calcium in liquid infant formula via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
摘要： The present work illustrates the potential of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the direct analysis of liquid food products. The aim of the experiment was to predict calcium content in ready-to-feed infant formula. The analysis was performed by a LIBS system coupled to a liquid sample chamber with a rotatory wheel that presents the liquid to the laser beam as a thin film. Multivariate analysis with partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed to correlate LIBS spectral data to reference calcium contents. The obtained PLSR model exhibited a good fit and linearity, as indicated by the coefficients of determination for calibration (R2 c) and cross-validation (R2 cv), with values of 0.96 and 0.89, respectively. The robustness of the calibration model was assessed by external validation showing a root-mean-square error of prediction of 6.45 mg 100 mL-1. These results demonstrated the potential of LIBS for real-time analysis of liquid food products.
关键词： Liquid analysis,PLSR,Ready-to-feed infant formula,Calcium,LIBS
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Clinical Study on Hemoporfin PDT for Infant Facial Port-Wine Stains
摘要： Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) is safe and effective in treating infant facial PWS. This paper describes the therapeutic response in infant facial PWS cases after PDT treatment in details. This paper introduces the countermeasures for adverse reactions to Hemoporfin PDT for infant facial PWS. WeChat and Dermlink PWS consulting platform could be applied in follow-up visits to infant facial PWS cases after PDT treatment.
关键词： Hemoporfin,infant,PWS,PDT
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior
摘要： Young children's visual environments are dynamic, changing moment-by-moment as children physically and visually explore spaces and objects and interact with people around them. Head-mounted eye tracking offers a unique opportunity to capture children's dynamic egocentric views and how they allocate visual attention within those views. This protocol provides guiding principles and practical recommendations for researchers using head-mounted eye trackers in both laboratory and more naturalistic settings. Head-mounted eye tracking complements other experimental methods by enhancing opportunities for data collection in more ecologically valid contexts through increased portability and freedom of head and body movements compared to screen-based eye tracking. This protocol can also be integrated with other technologies, such as motion tracking and heart-rate monitoring, to provide a high-density multimodal dataset for examining natural behavior, learning, and development than previously possible. This paper illustrates the types of data generated from head-mounted eye tracking in a study designed to investigate visual attention in one natural context for toddlers: free-flowing toy play with a parent. Successful use of this protocol will allow researchers to collect data that can be used to answer questions not only about visual attention, but also about a broad range of other perceptual, cognitive, and social skills and their development.
关键词： toddler,development,infant,visual attention,Behavior,Issue 141,Head-mounted eye tracking,egocentric vision
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fluorescence-based analyser as a rapid tool for determining soluble protein content in dairy ingredients and infant milk formula
摘要： Milk protein, in particular native whey protein, is of interest to dairy manufacturers as a measure of functional and nutritional quality. However, quantification of soluble whey protein (SP) is time consuming; giving rise to the need to develop rapid, accurate, and portable at-line process analytical technology. In this study, the performance of a fluorescence-based analyser(F) (Amaltheys II, Spectralys Innovations, France) was evaluated for quantification of SPF and whey protein nitrogen index (WPNI)F in skim milk, whey protein concentrate and infant formula powders. Rehydration of powders prior to analysis was a key factor for ensuring repeatability and reproducibility. A comparison of the analyser with reference methods for SPF and WPNIF resulted in coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.993 for both SPKjeldahl method and WPNIGEA. The results show the fluorescence-based analyser to be rapid, compact, and accurate device, suited for providing reliable support to dairy ingredient and infant formula manufacturers.
关键词： Infant milk formula,Process analytical technology,Dairy ingredients,Whey protein nitrogen index,Soluble protein,fluorescence-based analyser
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46