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Yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 nanospheres as electron transport layer in mesoscopic perovskite solar cell
摘要： SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and modified by TiO2 shell through sol–gel method. Band gap energy and photoluminescence properties of SnO2 nanoparticles and yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 nanospheres were investigated by UV–Vis absorption spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were used as electron transport layers (ETLs) for fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and PSC based on yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 ETL showed higher photon conversion efficiency (PCE = 11.28%) and lower hysteresis index (37%) compared with the PSC made of SnO2 ETL (PCE = 8.55% and hysteresis index = 52%). The increase in the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and subsequently PCE for the PSC based on yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 ETL is attributed to the smoothness and uniformity of perovskite film, improvement of surface defects at the ETL/perovskite interface, and suitable energy band alignment for effective injection of electron from perovskite to the conduction band of TiO2 as well as from TiO2 to the SnO2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to determine the charge transport resistance at the ETL/perovskite interface and confirmed the results obtained by the characteristic curve of the current density–voltage. The stability test of the devices displayed that long-term stability of PSC made of yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 ETL is almost the same as the SnO2 ETL-based PSC because of the high resistance of SnO2 against the moisture and oxygen in the environment.
关键词： Yolk-shell SnO2@TiO2 nanospheres,Long-term stability,Perovskite solar cell,Photon conversion efficiency,Electron transport layer
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Hole‐Boosted Cu(Cr,M)O <sub/>2</sub> Nanocrystals for All‐Inorganic CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a promising solution to balance the high efficiency and poor stability of state-of-the-art organic–inorganic PSCs. Setting inorganic hole-transporting layers at the perovskite/electrode interface decreases charge carrier recombination without sacrificing superiority in air. Now, M-substituted, p-type inorganic Cu(Cr,M)O2 (M = Ba2+, Ca2+, or Ni2+) nanocrystals with enhanced hole-transporting characteristics by increasing interstitial oxygen effectively extract holes from perovskite. The all-inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC with a device FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/CsPbBr3/Cu(Cr,M)O2/ structure carbon achieves an efficiency up to 10.18 % and it increases to 10.79 % by doping Sm3+ ions into perovskite halide, which is much higher than 7.39 % for the hole-free device. The unencapsulated Cu(Cr,Ba)O2-based PSC presents a remarkable stability in air in either 80 % humidity over 60 days or 80 8C conditions over 40 days or light illumination for 7 days.
关键词： CsPbBr3,inorganic hole-transporting materials,all-inorganic perovskite solar cells,long-term stability,perovskites
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hole-Boosted Cu(Cr,M)O <sub/>2</sub> Nanocrystals for All-Inorganic CsPbBr <sub/>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： The all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cell (PSC) is a promising solution to balance the high efficiency and poor stability of state-of-the-art organic–inorganic PSCs. Setting inorganic hole-transporting layers at the perovskite/electrode interface decreases charge carrier recombination without sacrificing superiority in air. Now, M-substituted, p-type inorganic Cu(Cr,M)O2 (M = Ba2+, Ca2+, or Ni2+) nanocrystals with enhanced hole-transporting characteristics by increasing interstitial oxygen effectively extract holes from perovskite. The all-inorganic CsPbBr3 PSC with a device FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/CsPbBr3/Cu(Cr,M)O2/carbon structure achieves an efficiency up to 10.18 % and it increases to 10.79 % by doping Sm3+ ions into perovskite halide, which is much higher than 7.39 % for the hole-free device. The unencapsulated Cu(Cr,Ba)O2-based PSC presents a remarkable stability in air in either 80 % humidity over 60 days or 80 8C conditions over 40 days or light illumination for 7 days.
关键词： CsPbBr3,inorganic hole-transporting materials,all-inorganic perovskite solar cells,long-term stability,perovskites
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A Hybrid Inorganic Electron-transporting Layer Coupled with A Halogen-resistant Electrode in CsPbI2Br-Based Perovskite Solar Cells to Achieve Robust Long-term Stability
摘要： Along with the rapidly-developed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), operational stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) becomes the bottleneck for further commercialization. The instability mainly comes from the unstable organic components in the whole devices and the responsive metal electrode to the halogens from perovskites. In this work, we develop a carbide-titanium oxide (C-TiO2) hybrid electron-transporting layer (ETL) and a halogen-resistant Sb electrode on top of the inorganic CsPbI2Br layer to solve the unstable issues. The hybrid C-TiO2 presents uniform and pinhole-free morphology, adequate band structure and electronic property, and observably strong stability. On the other hand, Sb is demonstrated to be effective to restrict inferior ions diffusion and further perovskite decomposition. As a result, our well-designed PSCs achieve both high efficiencies (14.8% for the champion device) and long-term stabilities (< 6% decline @ 85 °C, dark; < 10% decline @ 60 °C, continuous illumination) of 1000 h.
关键词： long term stability,electrode corrosion,Hybrid TiO2 ETLs,inorganic PSCs,inorganic CTLs
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Tetrahydrofuran as an Oxygen Donor Additive to Enhance Stability and Reproducibility of Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated in High Relative Humidity (50%) Atmosphere
摘要： In sequential deposition method of lead-halide perovskite material, the PbI2 layer morphology plays an essential role in enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cell. However, humidity level affects the PbI2 and perovskite film morphology, resulting in defect sites and recombination centers on the surface and within the bulk of the perovskite solar cell. To address this, we report the incorporation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) additive in PbI2-DMF precursor solution, to improve the quality of PbI2 thin film and to prevent the water interaction directly with PbI2 under high humidity environment. The O-donor THF interacts with PbI2 resulting in the homogeneous, dense and pinhole-free layer as compared to PbI2 layer without additive. The Perovskite layer so obtained from pinhole-free PbI2 layer is compact and smooth resulting in a significant reduction of defects/traps. The device fabricated with modified perovskite ~ 50% humidity atmosphere, resulted in 15% efficiency with high reproducibility. Moreover, the THF modified non-encapsulated perovskite device retains its 80% PCE after exposing to 50% relative humidity for 20 days. Our result demonstrates the strategy to fabricate perovskite solar cells with reproducible efficiency in high humidity atmosphere viable for large-scale production.
关键词： two-step deposition,perovskite solar cells,high humidity,long-term stability,pinhole-free PbI2,tetrahydrofuran (THF)
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Pivotal techniques evaluation in QEPAS system for engineering applications
摘要： Efforts were made in this study to evaluate a series of pivotal techniques in standard quartz tuning fork (QTF) based quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) systems for engineering applications. In current QEPAS systems, a scanning ramp combined with high frequency sinusoidal signal is used to drive the light source for photoacoustic excitation, the scanning cycle was optimized for the first time in experiments guaranteeing that photoacoustic energy accumulation finished to achieve the largest photoacoustic signal, and the optimum modulation index was verified by experiments to be ~5 instead of the simulated result 2.2. As an important step for engineering applications, a long-term (~8 months) experiment was also carried out to evaluate the stability of QTF’s property. In addition, several photoacoustic spectrophone configurations were compared in the optimum geometry parameters, dual-tubes on beam was verified in experiments to be the most efficient one compared with half on-beam and off-beam structures in standard QTF based systems, which is consist with the summary of published papers.
关键词： Modulation index,Scanning cycle,Long-term stability,Quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy,Photoacoustic spectrophone
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Surface Chemistry and Long-Term Stability of Amorphous Zn-Sn-O Thin Films
摘要： Amorphous (a-) oxides form an important category of transparent conducting/semiconducting thin films used as electrodes and channel layers in thin film transistors. The compositional flexibility of amorphous states, through doping, makes it possible to fine tune the electrical properties of films from conducting to semiconducting. However, surface chemistry and stability of these films are rarely addressed. Surface studies of amorphous materials, in general, are scarce due to disorder. Here, long-term surface stability of a-Zn-Sn-O films is investigated using grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. We present a detailed description of film surface structures and their evolution over time. It is found that the surface structure is, locally, a close analogue of the crystalline counterpart and that surface chemistry is governed by vacancies, strain, composition, and film density. It will be shown that the long-term stability of a film is questionable when the film has a high Zn content and a low density.
关键词： Zn-Sn-O thin films,Long-term stability,Grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy,Surface chemistry,Amorphous oxides
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46