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Shallow and Deep Trap States Passivation for Low-Temperature Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： While perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising low-cost solar power generators, most reported high-performance PSCs employ electron transport layers (ETLs, mainly TiO2) treated at high temperatures (≥450 °C), which may eventually hinder the development of flexible PSCs. Meanwhile, the development of low-temperature processed PSCs (L-PSCs) possessing performance levels comparable to that of high-temperature processed PSCs has actively been reported. In this study, L-PSCs with improved long-term stability and negligible hysteresis were developed through the effective passivation of shallow and deep traps in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) crystals and at the ETL/OIHP interface. L-PSCs with alkaline chloride modification achieved state-of-the-art performance among reported L-PSCs (power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 22.6%) with a long-term shelf life. The origin of long-term stability and the efficient passivation of deep traps was revealed by monitoring the trap-state distribution. Moreover, the high PCE of a large-area device (21.3%, 1.12 cm2) were also demonstrated, confirming the uniformity of the modification.
关键词： trap states passivation,low-temperature processed,alkaline chloride modification,perovskite solar cells,long-term stability
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Surface Engineering of Low-Temperature Processed Mesoporous TiO <sub/>2</sub> via Oxygen Plasma for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： A major problem in the application of mesoporous TiO2 as an electron transport layer for flexible perovskite solar cells is that a high temperature sintering process is required to remove organic additives from the TiO2 layer. A facile oxygen plasma process is herein demonstrated to fabricate mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells with significant photovoltaic performance at low temperatures. When the low-temperature processed TiO2 layer is modified via oxygen plasma, the organic additives in the TiO2 layer that hinder the charge transport process are successfully decomposed. The oxygen plasma treatment improves the wettability and infiltration of the perovskite layer and also passivates the oxygen vacancy related traps in TiO2. Hence, the oxygen plasma treatment evidently enhances charge extraction and transport, thereby improving photovoltaic performance and decreasing hysteresis.
关键词： Mesoporous TiO2,Flexible solar cell,Oxygen plasma,Low-temperature processed TiO2,Perovskite solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Low-temperature Interfacial Engineering for Flexible CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with High Performance Beyond 15%
摘要： All-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskites exhibit superior thermal stability compared to the organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been over 16%. However, the high-temperature annealing limits its feasibility on flexible devices. Here, low-temperature processed flexible CsPbI2Br PSCs are designed by introducing Al-doped ZnO (AZO) as an electron-transport layer and tert-butyl cyanoacetate (t-BCA) as a passivation layer. The thickness-insensitive AZO significantly enhances the quality of perovskite films and the reproducibility of the PSCs. As well the t-BCA can effectively passivate the trap states and suppress charge recombination of CsPbI2Br films. The as-optimized flexible CsPbI2Br PSCs exhibits a high PCE of 15.08% (with the active area of 0.1 cm2), which is one of the highest efficiency for flexible all-inorganic PSCs. The devices show outstanding stability, retaining 93% of the original PCE after being stored 60 days, 91% and 86% of the initial efficiency after continuously heating 360 hours at 85 oC and stored under 65% RH for 30 hours, respectively. In addition, the PSCs exhibits excellent mechanical stability, remains 85% of original value after 1000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 3 mm.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,tert-butyl cyanoacetate,passivation layer,All-inorganic cesium lead halide,flexible devices,low-temperature processed,Al-doped ZnO
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High Electron Affinity Enables Fast Hole Extraction for Efficient Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with low-temperature processed hole transporting materials (HTMs) suffer from poor performance due to the inferior hole-extraction capability at the HTM/perovskite interfaces. Here, molecules with controlled electron affinity enable a HTM with conductivity improved by more than ten times and a decreased energy gap between the Fermi level and the valence band from 0.60 to 0.24 eV, leading to the enhancement of hole-extraction capacity by five times. As a result, the 3,6-difluoro-2,5,7,7,8,8-hexacyanoquinodimethane molecules are used for the first time enhancing open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of the PSCs, which enable rigid-and flexible-based inverted perovskite devices achieving highest power conversion efficiencies of 22.13% and 20.01%, respectively. This new method significantly enhances the Voc and FF of the PSCs, which can be widely combined with HTMs based on not only NiOx but also PTAA, PEDOTT:PSS, and CuSCN, providing a new way of realizing efficient inverted PSCs.
关键词： hole transport materials,perovskite solar cells,low-temperature processed
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Hot-substrate deposition of all-inorganic perovskite films for low-temperature processed high-efficiency solar cells
摘要： All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3) have emerged as one of the most promising photovoltaic materials due to their superior thermal stability. However, the high phase transition temperatures (typically over 250 ?C) of CsPbX3 perovskites are incompatible with flexible substrates. Herein, we employed a simple hot-casting method to fabricate low-temperature processed CsPbI2Br films. By casting the perovskite precursor solution onto a hot substrate (maintained at 55 ?C), compact, large-grain and pinhole-free CsPbI2Br films can be prepared at a low post-annealing temperature, which outperform the conventional room temperature (RT)-casting and high-temperature (post-annealing at 340 ?C) processed CsPbI2Br films containing some voids. As a result, the hot-casting and low-temperature (post-annealing at 120 ?C) processed CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibited an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.5%, which is much higher than that (2.91%) of the RT-casting processed CsPbI2Br devices. Further optimization of the post-annealing temperature (optimized value: 180 ?C) yielded the best performance of 13.8% for hot-casting processed CsPbI2Br devices. This study gives an effective and facile strategy toward low-temperature processed all-inorganic perovskite films and high-performance PSCs.
关键词： hot-casting method,All-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskites,perovskite solar cells,low-temperature processed,CsPbI2Br
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04