- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
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Analysis and Comparison of Tissue-Marking Dye Detection via Light Microscopy, Telemicroscopy, and Virtual Microscopy
摘要： Objectives: To examine the fidelity of ink color identification using light microscopy (LM), telemicroscopy (TM), and virtual microscopy (VM). Methods: Twenty H&E-stained frozen section slides, prepared after tissue inking with five stain combinations, were assessed by three pathologists using LM, TM, and VM. TM was performed using Mikroscan D2 slide scanner/LiveQ software with various objectives. VM was performed using Mikroscan D2 scanner/Qumulus software, specimens digitized at 20×. Results: Sensitivity/specificity by LM was 100%/100% for all colors. TM showed high overall specificity but poor sensitivity, particularly red (54%). VM showed high specificity for all colors except black (69%) and, consequently, poor sensitivity for all colors except black (96%). Conclusions: TMD identification via telepathology showed loss of sensitivity/specificity vs LM and highlighted the need for caution when interpreting TMDs with digital technologies and the need for validation protocols.
关键词： Virtual microscopy,Tissue-marking dye,Telepathology,Telemicroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Image-Translation-Based Road Marking Extraction From Mobile Laser Point Clouds
摘要： Road markings are one of the most important safety elements in a road network, and they play a critical role in traffic safety. However, the automatic extraction of road markings remains a technical challenge in the fields of smart city construction and automatic driving. This paper presents an image-translation-based method of obtaining the 3D vectors of typical road markings from mobile laser point clouds. First, ground roughness is used as a criterion to extract ground points based on the topological relationship of adjacent scan lines, and the feature images of a road surface are generated using the adapted inverse distance weighted method. Second, by comparing objective functions based on the pix2pix framework, a finely adjusted image-to-image translation model named P2P_L1 is proposed for the segmentation of road markings. The proposed model outperforms the advanced DeepLab V3+ network in terms of precision, F1-score, and mean Intersection over Union indicators in the comparative segmentation results of ten types of road markings in the Shenzhen test area. Third, methods such as node averaging and optimized iterative closest point are developed for the 3D vectorization of road markings. This study presents a new approach for the automatic extraction of road markings to provide effective technical support for the construction of smart cities.
关键词： image translation,segmentation,road marking,Conditional generative adversarial nets (cGANs),laser point cloud
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The New Technologies Developed from Laser Shock Processing
摘要： Laser shock processing (LSP) is an advanced material surface hardening technology that can significantly improve mechanical properties and extend service life by using the stress effect generated by laser-induced plasma shock waves, which has been increasingly applied in the processing fields of metallic materials and alloys. With the rapidly development of modern industry, many new technologies developed from LSP have emerged, which broadens the application of LSP and enriches its technical theory. In this work, the technical theory of LSP was summarized, which consists of the fundamental principle of LSP and the laser-induced plasma shock wave. The new technologies, developed from LSP, are introduced in detail from the aspect of laser shock forming (LSF), warm laser shock processing (WLSP), laser shock marking (LSM) and laser shock imprinting (LSI). The common feature of LSP and these new technologies developed from LSP is the utilization of the laser-generated stress effects rather than the laser thermal effect. LSF is utilized to modify the curvature of metal sheet through the laser-induced high dynamic loading. The material strength and the stability of residual stress and micro-structures by WLSP treatment are higher than that by LSP treatment, due to WLSP combining the advantages of LSP, dynamic strain aging (DSA) and dynamic precipitation (DP). LSM is an effective method to obtain the visualized marks on the surface of metallic materials or alloys, and its critical aspect is the preparation of the absorbing layer with a designed shape and suitable thickness. At the high strain rates induced by LSP, LSI has the ability to complete the direct imprinting over the large-scale ultrasmooth complex 3D nanostructures arrays on the surface of crystalline metals. This work has important reference value and guiding significance for researchers to further understand the LSP theory and the new technologies developed from LSP.
关键词： laser shock processing,stress effect,warm laser shock processing,laser shock marking,laser shock imprinting,laser shock forming
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Impact of Laser Radiation on Polypropylene Molded Pieces Depending on Their Surface Conditions
摘要： The article presents an analysis of the impact of a laser beam interaction (Nd: YVO4) with selected operational parameters on the quality of graphical marks obtained on the surfaces of polypropylene-molded pieces with di?erent surface textures (variable parameters of the surface layer). Polypropylene test specimens were produced by injection using the original injection mold, which allowed for the obtainment of products with variable surface ?nish parameters determined by the surface condition of the forming cavity. The presented relationship between the parameters of laser performance, the texture of a molded piece surface, the molded piece’s color, and types of masterbatches supporting the marking process allows for the assessment of the e?ciency of graphic symbol application by laser marking. The original evaluation criteria for the conducted process were adopted.
关键词： laser marking,polypropylene,laser marking masterbatch,colorimetry,surface ?nishing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2020 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus) - St. Petersburg and Moscow, Russia (2020.1.27-2020.1.30)] 2020 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EIConRus) - Comparative Analysis of Electrochemical and Laser Marking for Gyroscopic Application
摘要： Technological aspects of the contrast image formation on the metal surfaces covered with titanium nitride coating are considered. Comparative analysis of electrochemical and laser marking technologies used for creation of contrast images that provide functionality of optoelectronic readout systems is presented. It was revealed that laser marked images on titanium nitride surfaces are more homogenious than electrochemical one. The signal obtained from the optical sensors scanning the surface with laser marked images is more stable.
关键词： gyroscope,optical contrast,optoelectronic read-out system,electrochemical marking,Laser marking
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Quantum dots on demand
摘要： The ability to create and erase three-dimensional patterns of perovskite quantum dots in glass using a femtosecond laser could bring new opportunities in displays, security marking and data storage.
关键词： displays,femtosecond laser,data storage,security marking,perovskite quantum dots
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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White marking inside the transparent plastic materials by 1.55? <i>μ</i> m nanosecond pulse fiber laser
摘要： In this paper, the authors report that it is possible to create a white marking inside transparent plastic materials by heating them to a temperature close to the threshold of creating a void and using a fiber laser. Heating plastic materials and using a fiber laser enable the threshold to be in excess only in the focus position, and a white marking is created. The authors experimented with polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate as the transparent plastic materials, and a 1.55 μm nanosecond pulse fiber laser as the laser equipment. They irradiated laser in the sample inside while heating. As a result, when polycarbonate was heated to 150 °C and polyethylene terephthalate to 50 °C, a void was created at the focus position. Therefore, the authors successfully created a white marking inside the transparent plastic materials by heating them and using a fiber laser.
关键词： laser marking,polyethylene terephthalate,fiber laser,polycarbonate
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Investigating the features of color laser marking process of galvanic chrome plating in order to create a controlled color image formation at given marking
摘要： The article is devoted to the problems of laser marking of metal surfaces. The factors affecting the color formation during laser processing are considered. To assess the degree of influence of the material thermophysical characteristics on the final result, samples with different properties were used: steel and brass. In order to exclude the influence of other factors on the result, besides the material characteristics, the samples were chrome-plated to obtain the same thickness of the chromium layer. Samples were processed with the same laser parameters and the same marking modes. The results of the experiment showed the formation of various colors on the treated surface, which proves the influence of the thermophysical characteristics of the material being processed on the formation of the color gamma during laser processing.
关键词： Color laser marking,Laser,Chrome steel,Chrome,Laser processing,Chrome-plated brass
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Tunnel Monitoring and Measuring System Using Mobile Laser Scanning: Design and Deployment
摘要： The common statistical methods for rail tunnel deformation and disease detection usually require a large amount of equipment and manpower to achieve full section detection, which are time consuming and ine?cient. The development trend in the industry is to use laser scanning for full section detection. In this paper, a design scheme for a tunnel monitoring and measuring system with laser scanning as the main sensor for tunnel environmental disease and deformation analysis is proposed. The system provides functions such as tunnel point cloud collection, section deformation analysis, dislocation analysis, disease extraction, tunnel and track image generation, roaming video generation, etc. Field engineering indicated that the repeatability of the convergence diameter detection of the system can reach ±2 mm, dislocation repeatability can reach ±3 mm, the image resolution is about 0.5 mm/pixel in the ballast part, and the resolution of the inner wall of the tunnel is about 1.5 mm/pixel. The system can include human–computer interaction to extract and label diseases or appurtenances and support the generation of thematic disease maps. The developed system can provide important technical support for deformation and disease detection of rail transit tunnels.
关键词： orthophoto image,convergence diameter,disease marking,mobile laser scanning,roaming video,dislocation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Automatic road-marking detection and measurement from laser-scanning 3D profile data
摘要： Automatic road-marking detection and measurement have great significance for pavement maintenance and management. Laser-scanning 3D profile data provide a new way of road-marking detection and measurement with an elevation accuracy of about 0.25 mm. This paper presents an automatic road-marking detection and measurement method that uses laser scanning of 3D pavement data. The elevation characteristics and geometric statistics that characterize road markings have been fully analyzed using 3D data. The first step was to use a specially designed step-shaped operator to convolve profile data to identify the regions of suspected marking edges at the profile level, which helps reduce the influence of other pavement factors, including crosswise-slope information, cracks, and rutting. Next, by combining the geometric characteristics of the road-marking region and the continuity of the convolution features at image level, the regions of suspected 3D road markings were extracted. Third, a convolutional neural network was introduced to distinguish real-marking data more clearly. Finally, the three-dimension measurement information was extracted from the detected region and from elevation information. Road-marking recognition experiments were then conducted based on real measured 3D data. The detection accuracies were all greater than 90.8% for 4178 test samples from five road sections with different kinds of road markings. Furthermore, the repeatability of multiple measurement results for road-marking elevations from two selected road sections was about 95%, and the correlation of the obtained road-marking elevations with manually measured elevations was about 85.36% for 200 measurement points.
关键词： Road-marking detection,Laser scanning,Convolution,Three-dimension measurement information,Convolutional neural network
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52