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Controlled Synthesis of Au Nanocrystals-Metal Selenide Hybrid Nanostructures toward Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion
摘要： A simple method for the controllable synthesis of Au nanocrystals–metal selenide hybrid nanostructures via amino acid guiding strategy is proposed. The results show that the symmetric overgrowth mode of PbSe shells on Au nanorods can be precisely manipulated by only adjusting the initial concentration of Pb2+. The shape of Au–PbSe hybrids can evolve from dumbbell-like to yolk-shell. Interestingly, the plasmonic absorption enhancement could be tuned by the symmetry of these hybrid nanostructures. This provides an e?ective pathway for maneuvering plasmon-induced energy transfer in metal–semiconductor hybrids. In addition, the photoactivities of Au–PbSe nanorods sensitized TiO2 electrodes have been further evaluated. Owing to the synergism between e?ective plasmonic enhancement e?ect and e?cient interfacial charge transfer in these hybrid nanostructures, the Au–PbSe yolk-shell nanorods exhibit an outstanding photocurrent activity. Their photocurrent density is 4.38 times larger than that of Au–PbSe dumbbell-like nanorods under light irradiation at λ > 600 nm. As a versatile method, the proposed strategy can also be employed to synthesize other metal–selenide hybrid nanostructures (such as Au–CdSe, Au–Bi2Se3 and Au–CuSe).
关键词： surface plasmon resonance,morphology manipulation,gold-metal selenide,photoelectrochemical response,hollow hybrid nanostructure
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Development of Pd/TiO2 Porous Layers by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Surface Acoustic Wave H2 Gas Sensor
摘要： The influence of sensitive porous films obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on the response of surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors on hydrogen at room temperature (RT) was studied. Monolayer films of TiO2 and bilayer films of Pd/TiO2 were deposited on the quartz substrates of SAW sensors. By varying the oxygen and argon pressure in the PLD deposition chamber, different morphologies of the sensitive films were obtained, which were analyzed based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. SAW sensors were realized with different porosity degrees, and these were tested at different hydrogen concentrations. It has been confirmed that the high porosity of the film and the bilayer structure leads to a higher frequency shift and allow the possibility to make tests at lower concentrations. Thus, the best sensor, Pd-1500/TiO2-600, with the deposition pressure of 600 mTorr for TiO2 and 1500 mTorr for Pd, had a frequency shift of 1.8 kHz at 2% hydrogen concentration, a sensitivity of 0.10 Hz/ppm and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1210 ppm. SAW sensors based on such porous films allow the detection of hydrogen but also of other gases at RT, and by PLD method such sensitive porous and nanostructured films can be easily developed.
关键词： bilayer films,pulsed laser deposition (PLD),palladium,hydrogen sensor,surface acoustic wave (SAW),Pd/TiO2,porous morphology,titanium dioxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Development of Plasmonic Photocatalyst by Sitea??selective Loading of Bimetallic Nanoparticles of Au and Ag on Titanium(IV) Oxide
摘要： Morphology-controlled rutile titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) and anatase TiO2 were prepared by a hydrothermal method and their surfaces were selectively loaded with Au, Ag and AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by photo-deposition in order to obtain visible-light responsive photocatalysts. With the help of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metal NPs, the photocatalytic activity of noble metal-loaded TiO2 under visible-light irradiation was improved compared to that of bare TiO2. The enhancement of LSPR on the photocatalytic activity of rutile TiO2 was larger than that of anatase TiO2 with optimum amount of Au or AuAg. In addition, the reusability (stability) of AuAg-loaded TiO2 was much better than that of Ag-loaded TiO2. Double-beam photoacoustic results confirmed different trap energy level distribution lead to different electron transfer ways, resulting in different oxidizing capabilities and they gave one of important strategies for designing visible-light responsive TiO2.
关键词： morphology-controlled TiO2,visible-light responsive,electron transfer,surface plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Role of Dipole Moment in Two Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with One Polymer Donor based Ternary Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Fused-ring electron acceptors (FREAs) based ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have made significant progress and attracted considerable attention due to their simple device architecture and broad absorption range in devices. There are three key parameters that need to be fine-tuned in ternary OSCs including absorption, energy level and morphology in order to realize high efficiencies. Herein, a series of FREAs with diverse electron-rich cores or electron-deficient terminals are developed and rationally combined to achieve high performance ternary OSCs. A new factor of dipole moment of FREAs’ terminals is unveiled and its working mechanism has been thoroughly investigated by systematical studying of six ternary OSCs. These ternary blends all exhibit complementary absorptions and cascade energy levels, which can facilitate efficient light-harvesting and charge transfer. Additionally, the morphological effects on ternary OSCs are eliminated through comparative studies while demonstrating distinctively different performance. The preliminary results show that compatible dipole moment between two FREAs is critical in ternary blends. Specifically, the performance of the ternary system with two FREAs having quite different dipole moment terminals is worse than that with similar terminal dipole moments. The pair with larger difference in dipole moment will also negatively impact device performance. This interesting phenomenon is likely due to that very different dipole moments of terminals in FREAs can significantly decrease the electron mobility as well as induce unbalanced hole/electron transport. Consequently, it results in increased charge recombination and reduced charge collection efficiency. This finding demonstrates that dipole moment of FREAs should be taken into account in designing ternary OSCs.
关键词： ternary organic solar cells,morphology,dipole moment,charge transfer,Fused-ring electron acceptors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Organic Photovoltaics: Relating Chemical Structure, Local Morphology, and Electronic Properties
摘要： Substantial enhancements in the efficiencies of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have come from largely trial-and-error-based optimizations of the morphology of the active layers. Further improvements, however, require a detailed understanding of the relationships among chemical structure, morphology, electronic properties, and device performance. On the experimental side, characterization of the local (i.e., nanoscale) morphology remains challenging, which has called for the development of robust computational methodologies that can reliably address those aspects. In this review, we describe how a methodology that combines all-atom molecular dynamics (AA-MD) simulations with density functional theory (DFT) calculations allows the establishment of chemical structure–local morphology–electronic properties relationships. We also provide a brief overview of coarse-graining methods in an effort to bridge local to global (i.e., mesoscale to microscale) morphology. Finally, we give a few examples of machine learning (ML) applications that can assist in the discovery of these relationships.
关键词： Machine Learning,Density Functional Theory,Organic Photovoltaics,Organic Solar Cells,Bulk-Heterojunction,Electronic Properties,Coarse-Graining Methods,Local Morphology,Chemical Structure,All-Atom Molecular Dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Efficient NDT small molecule solar cell with high fill factor by pendant group engineering
摘要： Three naphthodithiophene (NDT)-based small molecules, bearing hexyl- (NDT-Hex), null (NDT) and fluorene (NDT-F) substituents at the β-position of the thiophene vertically conjugated to the NDT core, were designed and synthesized. The photovoltaic effect of engineered NDT molecules was investigated with detailed characterization on optical absorption, electronic energy levels, blend morphology, carrier mobility and photovoltaic performance conducted. It shows that the hexyl-substitution enhances the morphological tunability for NDT molecules, which contributes to achieve promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) with high fill factor (FF). The optimized solar cells based on NDT-Hex:PC71BM blends obtains a PCE of 6.7% with an FF of 0.717 and it reaches 8.6% with an FF of 0.638 if a non-fullerene molecular acceptor, NBDTP-Fout, was adopted to blend with NDT-Hex. Both FF are among the top ones of respective kind of solar cells based on NDT small molecule. The work demonstrates a feasible morphology-tuning method toward efficient organic solar cells with high FF.
关键词： morphology-tuning,naphthodithiophene,small molecule solar cells,high fill factor,pendant group engineering
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The detection effect of pavement 3D texture morphology using improved binocular reconstruction algorithm with laser line constraint
摘要： To improve the precision of traditional binocular reconstruction technology and better serve the traffic safety, laser line constraint was firstly introduced. Then three different matching modes, namely the default color, enhanced target line and region segmentation, were established. Finally, the improved binocular reconstruction test system and the three-dimensional texture morphology measurement accuracy evaluation device were produced. The effect of matching modes on the test precision of three-dimensional texture morphology of asphalt pavement was further analyzed. The results show that the introduction of laser line constraint improves the precision for both overall measurement and single point measurement. The improved algorithm under the region segmentation matching mode has a good reconstruction effect. The average deviation of the overall measurement is 0.02mm, and the maximum deviation of the single point measurement is 0.14mm, which can meet the requirements of pavement texture detection in skid resistance evaluation.
关键词： three-dimensional texture morphology,binocular reconstruction,region segmentation matching,laser line constraint
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS) - Sinaia, Romania (2018.10.10-2018.10.12)] 2018 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS) - Substrate Effect on the Morphology and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Layers Grown by Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method
摘要： The substrate effect on the morphology and optical properties of zinc oxide nanorods synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-VIS-NIR optical absorption and reflecting spectroscopy. The band gap energy of the investigated samples was calculated from absorbance spectra in the (200-1100) nm wavelengths range.
关键词： optical properties,ZnO nanorods,band gap energy,microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis,morphology
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Controllable synthesis of transition metal ion-doped CeO2 micro/nanostructures for improving photocatalytic performance
摘要： Ceria (CeO2) micro/nanostructures with various sizes and shapes were successfully synthesized by doping with a series of transition metal ions without any surfactant or template. The crystal structure, morphology, and photocatalytic performance of CeO2 and Co-, Zr-, Cu-doped CeO2 were characterized. The lattice parameters, which indicate the crystal structure distortion and change of Ce4+, were changed by incorporating a transition metal into the CeO2. Doping with transition metal ion could broaden the absorption range from ultraviolet to visible region and enhance the concentration of oxygen vacancies, which exhibited a significantly lower optical band than pure CeO2. The photocatalytic studies revealed that CeO2 with a spate of oxygen vacancies displayed a higher photocatalytic activity than pure CeO2 in degrading the organic pollutant rhodamine B (RhB). Furthermore, the O2? and ?OH radicals formed during photocatalysis process were revealed by means of nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) reduction method and a terephthalic acid (TA) fluorescence probe method, respectively, which discovers that radicals were crucial for the degradation of RhB. The H2-TPR confirmed that a small amount of transition metal ions significantly affected the oxidation state of the surface cations and oxygen vacancies. This study clearly reveals the effects of different transition metal ion dopants on the morphologies and photocatalytic performance of transition metal ion-doped CeO2 micro/nanostructures.
关键词： oxygen vacancy,CeO2,metal ion-doping,morphology,photocatalytic activity
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Morphology Transformation of Chalcogenide Nanoparticles Triggered by Cation Exchange Reactions
摘要： Plenty of chalcogenide families with tremendous potential for functional applications remain unexplored due to the limitations of conventional synthesis methods. However, cation exchange reactions in colloidal synthesis offer an alternative way to overcome these limitations and provide a route to synthesize pure phases and morphologies that otherwise are challenging to achieve. In this work, we demonstrate the possibility of Sb3+ to undergo cation exchange reactions with Cu+ in Cu2-xSe nanoparticles and study an uncommon morphology transformation from Cu2-xSe nanoparticles to Cu3SbSe3 nanoplates. The morphology transformation is dictated by a growth process of assembly and merging of primary nanoparticles triggered by the incorporation of Sb cations into the Cu2-xSe lattice and the rearrangement of the anion framework. By studying this unprecedented phenomenon in cation exchange reactions and adding Sb to the list of available elements for exchange, this work provides an insight of the unexplored potential of cation exchange reactions and opens the possibility to synthesize complex Cu-based chalcogenide materials.
关键词： nanoparticles,chalcogenide,morphology transformation,cation exchange,Cu3SbSe3 nanoplates
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57