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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite – TiO2 nanorod arrays for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution from HI splitting
摘要： Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production offers a promising solution to simultaneously tackle the global energy crisis and the environmental pollution. Herein, we report a PEC cell of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (methylammonium lead iodide, MAPbI3)-TiO2 nanorod array (TNAs) for efficient and stable hydrogen evolution in aqueous hydrogen iodide (HI) solution. The built-in electric field created across the MAPbI3-TiO2 junction is able to efficiently separate the electron-hole pairs photogenerated in MAPbI3 with electrons quickly injected from MAPbI3 to TiO2, which are then transported along the one-dimensional TiO2 nanorod channels to the counter electrode to reduce proton to evolve hydrogen. The optimized MAPbI3-TNA PEC cell exhibits a high photocurrent density of 1.75 mA cm-2 at 0.14 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) under AM 1.5G illumination, which is able to stably produce molecular hydrogen at a rate of 33.3 mmol cm-2 h-1 for more than 8 h.
关键词： Perovskite,Nanorod arrays,Hydrogen evolution,Heterojunction,Photoelectrochemical
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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CoPi/Co(OH)2 Modified Ta3N5 as New Photocatalyst for Photoelectrochemical Cathodic Protection of 304 Stainless Steel
摘要： In this work, CoPi and Co(OH)2 nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays to yield a novel broad-spectrum response photocatalytic material for 304 stainless steel photocatalytic cathodic protection. The Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays were prepared by vapor-phase hydrothermal (VPH) and nitriding processes and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively, to obtain morphologies, crystal structures, surface compositions, and light response range. In order to analyze the performance improvement mechanism of CoPi/Co(OH)2 on Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays, the electrochemical behavior of modi?ed and unmodi?ed Ta3N5 was obtained by measuring the open circuit potential and photocurrent in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results revealed that the modi?ed Ta3N5 material better protects 304 stainless steel at protection potentials reaching ?0.45 V.
关键词： CoPi/Co(OH)2 modi?cation,cathodic protection,Ta3N5 nanorod-arrays,photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Broadband light harvesting for highly efficient hot-electron application based on conformal metallic nanorod arrays
摘要： The utilization of nonradiative decay of surface plasmons (SPs) in the form of hot electrons in metallic nanostructures has a great potential for applications in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, photodetection, and surface imaging. Unfortunately, the metallic nanostructures usually support only narrowband plasmon resonances; moreover, the hot-electron thermalization loss during the transport to Schottky interface and the confined momentum space for hot-electron injection into semiconductor together result in an inefficient internal quantum process. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a broadband super absorber based on the metallic nanorod arrays (NRs). Optically, the average absorption across the entire visible band is up to 0.8, which is over 16-fold enhancement of the planar reference. Electrically, the hot electrons are controlled to be preferentially generated near Schottky interface within the mean free path, relieving the severe hot-electron thermalization loss. Moreover, the three-dimensional Schottky junction provides much increased hot-electron momentum space for injection at the vertical surface. These optical and electrical benefits lead to over 30-fold enhancement in the IPCE (incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency) relative to the reference. The IPCE can be up to 10.9% at Eph = 3.1 eV, which is close to the limit of the thick-film single-barrier hot-electron devices. The conformal NRs system provides a promising strategy to simultaneously improve the hot-electron generation, transport and collection efficiencies and could be an outstanding candidate for efficient hot-electron optoelectronic and photocatalysis systems.
关键词： hot electron,surface plasmons,nanorod arrays,broadband absorber
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Highly ordered Au-decorated Ag nanorod arrays as an ultrasensitive and reusable substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering
摘要： For surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates, complexity of the fabrication process, sensitivity and stability are factors that need to be considered. We report a simple and novel method for preparing an effective substrate that greatly enhances SERS signals. The SERS substrate is fabricated by selectively electroless deposition of Ag nanoparticles in the highly ordered porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template and then etching it to form Ag nanorod bundles structure, so that the Raman enhancement occurs in the gap between the nanorods and the top of the nanorod bundle, which is verified by finite element analysis. A peculiarity of this method is that this is the first time to synthesize Ag nanorod arrays structure by using it. The results indicated that this prepared substrate has special micro-nano structure and when rhodamine 6 G is selected as the detection reagent, the detection limit is as low as 10?16 M with excellent recyclability. This outstanding array structure has a promising practical application in SERS field.
关键词： Reproducibility,Electroless deposition,Micro-nano structure,SERS,Ag nanorod arrays
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Low-temperature-dependent growth of titanium dioxide nanorod arrays in an improved aqueous chemical growth method for photoelectrochemical ultraviolet sensing
摘要： The growth of titanium dioxide nanorod arrays (TNAs) in aqueous solutions containing titanium butoxide and hydrochloric acid can be controlled by regulating the temperature from 115 to 150 °C as an adjustable physical parameter. The transparent colloidal solution of titanates is clouded on the basic growth of TNAs when heated at a certain temperature using an improved aqueous chemical growth method in a clamped Schott bottle. The structural, optical and electrical properties of grown TNAs films were thoroughly investigated and discussed. The distinct and high-intensity peaks observed in the X-ray diffraction pattern and Raman spectra of the grown TNAs show the rutile phase with high crystal quality. The crystallite size, diameter size, and thickness of TNAs decrease with decreasing growth temperature. The prepared TNAs were used to detect 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) photon energy (750 μW/cm2) in a photoelectrochemical cell structure with a maximum photocurrent of 26.31 μA and minimum photocurrent of 3.48 μA recorded for TNAs grown at 150 °C and 115 °C, respectively. The size, structural properties, charge transfer resistance, and electron lifetime play a key role in determining the UV sensing characteristics of the TNAs. Results show that TNAs are very promising in fabricating a UV sensor with a high response at 0 V bias even at a low growth temperature of 115 °C.
关键词： Photoelectrochemical ultraviolet sensing,Titanium dioxide nanorod arrays,Rutile phase,Aqueous chemical growth method,UV sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Surface Modification on Nanoripple-like ZnO Nanorod Arrays Using Two-dimensional (2D) Bi2OS2 to Fabricate High-Performance Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) nanoripple-like ZnO nanorod arrays (R-ZnO NRAs) are successfully fabricated and modified by two-dimensional (2D) Bi2OS2 material, and inverted polymer solar cells (IPSCs) with R-ZnO modified by Bi2OS2 as electron transmission layer (ETL) are fabricated for the first time. The results show that the surface morphologies of R-ZnO NRAs can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the modified 2D Bi2OS2 solution. Bi2OS2 modification can not only suppress the surface defects of R-ZnO NRAs, reduce the recombination of photogenerated charges, but also increase crystallinity of the active layer, resulting in effective electron collection. And thus, the performance of IPSCs is obviously improved. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PTB7: PCBM based PSCs with R-ZnO NRAs modified by 2% Bi2O2S as ETL is considerably raised to 7.31% from 5.51%. More interestingly, Bi2OS2 modification enhances IPSCs stability to remain 80.9% of their initial PCE after 80 days, yet IPSCs with pristine R-ZnO NRAs remain only 47.4% of their initial PCE. Moreover, this approach can also successfully improve the performance of another IPSC composed of PBDB-T: ITIC blends. The PCE of the device based on 2% Bi2OS2-modified R-ZnO NRAs is improved to 9.94% from 8.03% of the reference device without Bi2OS2 modification. This work not only provides an effective mean of surface modification of R-ZnO NRAs, but also shows the Bi2OS2 material has potential application in PSCs.
关键词： Recombination,Bi2OS2 nanosheets,Inverted polymer solar cells,Nanoripple-like ZnO nanorod arrays
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Selfa??Powered Higha??Performance UV Photodetector Based on Corea??Shell GaN/MoO <sub/>3a??</sub><i> <sub/>x</sub></i> Nanorod Array Heterojunction
摘要： Self-powered UV photodetectors are highly desirable for applications in space communications and environmental monitoring. However, most self-powered UV photodetectors exhibit unimpressive performance in weak signal detection. Herein, a self-powered UV photodetector based on the core–shell GaN/MoO3–x nanorod array (NRA) heterojunction system is demonstrated. Homogeneous MoO3–x layers are deposited on GaN NRAs by a simple one-step physical vapor deposition method. The photodetector device shows an ultrahigh specific detectivity of 2.7 × 1015 Jones at 355 nm without any power supply. Further analyses reveal a responsivity of 160 A W?1 and a high UV–vis rejection ratio (R355 nm/R400 nm) of 2.0 × 104 under zero bias. The self-powered device also has a fast response speed with a rise/fall time of 73/90 μs. As a result, the self-powered photodetector, featuring ultrahigh detectivity and responsivity along with fast response, exhibits great potential for applications in next-generation UV detection. The core–shell NRA structure heterojunction design provides a valuable direction for realizing nanoscale self-powered UV photodetectors.
关键词： core–shell nanorod arrays,UV photodetectors,ultrahigh detectivity,self-powered devices
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ternary Hierarchical Cu <sub/>7</sub> S <sub/>4</sub> /TiO <sub/>2</sub> /CoCr-LDH Heterostructured Nanorod Arrays with Multiphase Reaction Interfaces for More Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
摘要： Fabricating hierarchical and highly matched heterostructure with large surface areas and multiple interfaces is an effective approach to enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance. Here, well-aligned hierarchical Cu7S4/TiO2/CoCr-layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanorod arrays are reported, aiming at accelerating charge separation and transfer kinetics. The modifications of Cu7S4 and CoCr-LDH based on TiO2 have endowed the photoanode a surprising enhancement in both ultraviolet light absorption and charge separation efficiency due to highly matched band alignment. The formation of heterojunction is an effective strategy to prevent photocorrosion of Cu7S4 by attaching protective layers on Cu7S4. Moreover, other than the hierarchical morphology with enlarged active surface areas would provide sufficient active sites for the water oxidation processes and pore channels for the gas escaping, owing to the special band alignment of three components, multiple reaction interfaces are produced and involved in the water splitting process, since the photoinduced holes for water oxidation are simultaneously distributed in CoCr-LDH and Cu7S4. As expected, this synergistic effect in this ternary Cu7S4/TiO2/CoCr-LDH heterogeneous photoanode gives rise to a largely enhanced photoconversion efficiency (0.58% at 0.6 V) and photocurrent density (2.04 mA cm?2 at 1.23 V).
关键词： 3D hierarchical nanorod arrays,Cu7S4/TiO2/CoCr-LDH,ternary heterostructure,highly matched band alignment,photoelectrochemical water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ti-MOF derived TixFe1-xOy Shells Boost Fe2O3 Nanorod Cores for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
摘要： TixFe1-xOy shells, in-situ formed from thermal treatment of a Ti-containing metal organic framework, NH2-MIL-125(Ti), significantly boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation efficiency of Fe2O3 nanorod cores. The NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was coated on the surface of the Fe2O3 nanorods with a solvothermal process, followed by a two step calcination to afford the TixFe1-xOy shell/Fe2O3 core nanorod arrays. The TixFe1-xOy shell/Fe2O3 core nanorod array electrode exhibited much improved photoelectrochemical activities over the pristine Fe2O3 nanorod array electrode, boosting photo-current densities to 26.7 folds of that achieved by the pristine Fe2O3 nanorod array electrode at 1.23 V (vs. RHE) under illumination of simulated sun light of AM 1.5G. The success may be attributed to the much enhanced charge separation enabled by the hole trapping heterojunction of TixFe1-xOy shell/Fe2O3 core. The photoelectrochemical stability of the TixFe1-xOy shell/Fe2O3 core nanorod array electrode was excellent, retaining 98.9% of the initial photo-current density after a 5 hr continuous operation. This work is the first demonstration of MOF derived core-shell heterojunction for large improvements of PEC water splitting efficiencies, and can be readily extended to a wide range of catalyst design.
关键词： NH2-MIL-125(Ti),Fe2O3 nanorod,TixFe1-xOy shell/Fe2O3 core nanorod arrays,photoelectrochemical water oxidation,photoanode
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 nanoparticles-decorated ZnO nanorod arrays for enhanced photovoltaic performance
摘要： Herein, we report a successful approach for the vertically aligned ZnO nanorod arrays (ZNAs) deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by hydrothermal process. TiO2 nanoparticles were grown on the ZNAs by dip-coating. ZNAs and TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs)-decorated ZNAs (TNPs@ZNAs) were used as a photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells. The influence of bath temperature for the attainment of uniform decoration of TiO2 nanoparticles onto ZnO nanorod arrays and the photovoltaic performances of the assembled dye-sensitized solar cells were studied. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the TNPs@ZNAs arrays prepared at a bath temperature of 120 °C can reach 4.47%, representing better improvement when compared with ZNAs photoanode (3.15%).
关键词： Nanorod arrays,Bath temperature,Dye-sensitized solar cells,TiO2 decorated ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57