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Novel benzodithiophene type low band gap polymer solar cell application and device stability study with atomic layer deposition encapsulation technique
摘要： Novel benzodithiophene type copolymer was synthesized through a solvent evaporation technique. Poly(5-(5-(4, 8-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo[1,2-b:4, 5-b’]dithiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2, 3-bis(3, 4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-8-(thiophen-2-yl) quinoxaline) (P-TQTBDT) solar cells were encapsulated with conventional and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) techniques. Characterizations of the samples were carried out via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromotagraphy (GPC) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Stability studies were carried out both P3HT and P-TQTBDT solar cells for comparison of commercial P3HT and our novel polymer solar cell. Our results con?rm that ALD is a promising technique for encapsulation of polymer solar cell since stability of P-TQTBDT improved to 72% durability from 38% durability with ALD encapsulation technique during 300 h under AM1.5 G solar irradiation. P-TQTBDT solar cell showed higher stability (about 10%) than P3HT solar cell for both encapsulation methods. We focused on the stability of polymer solar cell can be improved with ALD encapsulation technique. Our aim was to compare P-TQTBDT polymer solar cell with P3HT solar cell. The stability results of P-TQTBDT showed that P-TQTBDT copolymer could be promising polymer to obtain very high stability of polymer solar cells.
关键词： atomic layer deposition,solar cell,stability tests,ISOS stability tests,benzodithiophene,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Investigation of Non-ideality Factors for a P3HT: PCBM Based Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell in Presence of Silver Nanoparticles
摘要： Solar cells are a potential option to meet the growing energy requirements of humans. Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent a class of solar cells that is a part of the third generation solar cell technology. The quest for obtaining enhanced OSC efficiencies has led to the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in the OSCs. Metallic NPs increase the incident light absorption instances, thus increasing the obtainable cell efficiencies. Different parameters and factors need to be considered for obtaining the optimum NP specifications. Investigations of the mechanism of light absorption after the introduction of NPs in the OSC are critical. Hence theoretical simulations for such OSCs are important. An overview of the different solar cell characterization techniques is presented in this paper. Simulations are carried out for these characterization techniques to study the behavior of the P3HT:PCBM based OSC in which silver NPs are incorporated in the active layer. The simulations are carried out for the cell structure in the presence of different non-ideality factors. The non-idealities include mobility limitations, presence of traps, recombination losses, low generation, presence of non-ideal values of series and shunt resistances, the effect of doping, etc. The simulated characterization techniques can be utilized for the performance study and parameter extraction of these NP incorporated OSCs.
关键词： Absorption,Metallic nanoparticles,Active layer,Bulk heterojunction,Cell characterization,Organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Synthesis of brass nanowires and their use for organic photovoltaics
摘要： Preponderant electric conductivity, high transmittance properties, and large natural abundance of its main component are striking features of copper nanowire (Cu NW)-based thin films. Because they are easily synthesized via low-cost solution-based processes, copper nanowires are considered an affordable next-generation conductor for transparent electrodes. Copper nanowire applications are expected to become more popular over the next decade. However, copper nanowire itself has a tremendously high surface-to-volume ratio and an abundance of surface atoms which lead to its high reactivity with the external environment. This reactivity presents a challenge for the improvement the long-term stability of copper nanowires, as it directly affects their applications. This novel study demonstrates a process to protect copper nanowires with an ultrathin stable brass layer-Cu/Brass NWs. The final product exhibited a high performance comparable to commonly used electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 30 Ω/sq at 89% transparency. Moreover, the Cu/Brass NWs resisted oxidation corrosion as the amplitude resistance fluctuated only around 3 Ω/sq for 30 days. For performance verification, an organic solar cell was fabricated using a Cu/Brass NW-based transparent electrode. It yielded an efficiency of 5.85%, reaching nearly that of a conventional cell using indium tin oxide. This demonstrates that Cu/Brass NWs are very promising for future application in low-cost optoelectronic devices.
关键词： Transparent electrode,Copper nanowire,Copper/brass nanowires,Electroless Zn plating,Organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effect of PQT-12 interface layer on the performance of PCDTBT: PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells
摘要： The effect of PQT-12 interface layer on the performance of PCDTBT:PCBM based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) is reported in this paper. The PQT-12 interface layer is obtained by cost and material effective technique, floating film transfer method (FTM). It is shown that the use of FTM-based PQT-12 HTL significant improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the OSCs over only PEDOT:PSS HTL based OSCs. The OSC has the maximum values of JSC (=5.62 mA cm?2), VOC (=562 mV) and FF (=0.33) in the PQT-12 incorporated structure due to efficient carrier transfer at the interface. The PCE of nearly twice of the only PEDOT:PSS HTL OSC is obtained in case of the PQT-12/PEDOT:PSS structure.
关键词： organic solar cell (OSC),PCDTBT,bulk heterojunction,PQT-12,floating film transfer method (FTM)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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FDTD simulation studies on improvement of light absorption in organic solar cells by dielectric nanoparticles
摘要： In this paper, we present a systematic design and analysis of organic solar cell (OSC) by embedding dielectric nanoparticles layer at anode. Using numerical simulations, we show that there is improvement in the light absorption in the active layer of the device using nanoparticles. The nanoparticles will act as scattering medium for the incident light and hence trap the light inside the device. For the light scattered at different angles, the optical path length in the active medium is increased and this leads to more absorption of light in the active layer and thereby increase in the efficiency. The scattering efficiency and hence the absorption of solar radiation for generation of current depends on the particle size, inter-particle separation and the refractive index contrast between the particles and the embedding medium. Mie theory has been used to calculate the scattering efficiency of nanoparticles. The effect on light absorption and current density of OSC due to nanoparticles has been carried out using finite difference time domain analysis. It is shown that the proposed OSC structure increases the light absorption in the active layer of the device by 40% and short circuit current density by 34%.
关键词： Organic solar cell,Dielectric nanoparticles,Light absorption,Scattering efficiency,Optical simulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Near-Infrared Electron Acceptors with Unfused Architecture for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) with near-infrared (NIR) region absorption is crucial for obtaining high current densities in organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, two narrow bandgap NFAs with unfused backbones possessing broad (600-900 nm) and strong absorption are developed by the conjugation of a benzothiadiazole (BT) core to halogenated end-groups through cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) bridge. Compared with the fluorinated counterpart BCDT-4F, the chlorinated NFA BCDT-4Cl appears stronger J-aggregation and closer molecular packing, leading to the optimized blend morphology when paired with polymer donor, PBDB-T. Thus, an obvious improvement of external quantum efficiency response was obtained for BCDT-4Cl based OSCs, presenting a higher efficiency of 12.10% than that (9.65%) based on BCDT-4F. This work provides a design strategy for NIR acceptors in the combination of electron deficient core and halogenated terminal in unfused backbone, which results in not only fine-tuning of optoelectronic properties, but also the simplified synthetic complexities of molecule.
关键词： electron-deficient core,organic solar cell,halogenated end-group,unfused architecture,near-infrared electron acceptor
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A Trifluoromethyl Group Modified Non-fullerene Acceptor Towards Improved Power Conversion Efficiency Over 13% in Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： Herein, we report a new molecule structure modification strategy for non-fullerene small molecule electron acceptors (NFAs) for solar cells through trifluoromethylation of end-capping groups. The synthesized trifluoromethylated acceptor ITCF3 exhibits narrower band gap, stronger light absorption, lower molecular energy levels and better electron transport property comparing to the reference NFA without trifluoromethyl group (ITIC). Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on ITCF3 combined with PM6 polymer donor exhibit a significantly improved power conversion efficiency of 13.3% comparing with ITIC-based device (8.4%). This work reveals great potential of trifluoromethylation in design of efficient photovoltaic acceptor materials.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,non-fullerene acceptor,trifluoromethyl group,organic solar cell,polymer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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New energetic indandione based planar donor for stable and efficient organic solar cells
摘要： The present work documents the synthesis of a new and highly energetic indandione based D-π-A planar molecule, 2-(5″-hexyl-[2,2′:5′2″ terthiophen]-5-yl) methylene)-1H- indene-1,3(2H) dione, H3T-ID), as donor material for bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (BJH-OSCs). The photophysical properties, optoelectrical characterization and microscopic images were thoroughly studied. H3T-ID exhibited good absorption behavior with maximum absorbance at ~495 nm and displayed the optical band gap of ~1.98 eV. The existence of π-spacer and hexyl side chain in H3T-ID significantly improved the thin film morphology, molecular packing and enhanced the charge transport. H3T-ID organic molecule acquired well-matched HOMO and bountifully higher LUMO energy levels w.r.t. PC61BM acceptor. The photovoltaic characteristics of the fabricated BHJ-OSC using H3T-ID as donor and PC61BM as acceptor displayed maximum PCE = ~4.05%, good JSC = ~10.43 mAcm?2, VOC = ~0.77 V and FF = 0.51. The stability test revealed that the fabricated BHJ-OSCs showed good reproducibility and stability by retaining over ~80% of its initial PCE for 15 days without encapsulation.
关键词： Stability,Indanedione,Planar,Heterojunction,Organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Altering alkyl-chains branching positions for boosting the performance of small-molecule acceptors for highly efficient nonfullerene organic solar cells
摘要： The emergence of the latest generation of small-molecule acceptor (SMA) materials, with Y6 as a typical example, accounts for the surge in device performance for organic solar cells (OSCs). This study proposes two new acceptors named Y6-C2 and Y6-C3, from judicious alteration of alkyl-chains branching positions away from the Y6 backbone. Compared to the Y6, the Y6-C2 exhibits similar optical and electrochemical properties, but better molecular packing and enhanced crystallinity. In contrast, the Y6-C3 shows a significant blue-shift absorption in the solid state relative to the Y6 and Y6-C2. The as-cast PM6:Y6-C2-based OSC yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.89% than those based on the Y6 (15.24%) and Y6-C3 (13.76%), representing the highest known value for as-cast nonfullerene OSCs. Prominently, the Y6-C2 displays a good compatibility with the PC71BM. Therefore, a ternary OSC device based on PM6:Y6-C2:PC71BM (1.0:1.0:0.2) was produced, and it exhibits an outstanding PCE of 17.06% and an impressive fill factor (FF) of 0.772. Our results improve understanding of the structure-property relationship for state-of-the-art SMAs and demonstrate that modulating the structure of SMAs via fine-tuning of alkyl-chains branching positions is an effective method to enhance their performance.
关键词： power conversion efficiency,fill factor,small molecular acceptor,alkyl-chain branching position,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Thin-Film Tandem Organic Solar Cells With Improved Efficiency
摘要： Seeking high power conversion efficiency is always a striving pathway for many researchers to commercialize organic solar cells (OSCs). Thus, it is essential to achieve high conversion efficiency to make solar oriented devices as truly green energy resource. In this paper, we report novel tandem structures based on organic materials in which homo and hybrid schemes are utilized. The homo tandem structures involve the well-known organic materials such as P3HT: PCBM and PTB7: PCBM as top and bottom absorber layers, while the hybrid tandem structure is made by the combination of P3HT: PCBM and PTB7: PCBM, respectively. Due to different absorption coefficients, simulation results indicate that the hybrid tandem structure exhibit large values for current density Jsc=22.60mA/cm2, open circuit voltage Voc= 0.85V, fill factor FF=68.21%, and efficiency ?=13.96%, compared to homo tandem cell and proves to be more efficient and highly stable towards high temperatures, which indicates that the proposed structure is more suitable for practical applications.
关键词： Organic solar cell,efficiency,homo,hybrid,tandem
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57