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Photocaged Quinone Methide Cross-linkers for Light-controlled Chemical Cross-linking of Protein-protein and Protein-DNA Complexes
摘要： Small molecule cross-linkers are invaluable for probing biomolecular interactions and for cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) in addressing large protein complexes and intrinsically disordered proteins. Existing chemical cross-linkers target only a small selection of amino acid residues, limiting the number and type of cross-links, while conventional photocross-linkers target virtually all residues non-selectively, complicating data analysis. Here we report photocaged quinone methide (PQM)-based cross-linkers that are able to multitarget nine nucleophilic residues through specific Michael addition. In addition to Asp, Glu, Lys, Ser, Thr, and Tyr, PQM cross-linkers notably cross-linked Gln, Arg, and Asn hitherto untargetable by existing chemical cross-linkers, markedly increasing the number of residues targetable with a single cross-linker. Such multiplicity of cross-links will increase the abundance of cross-linked peptides for CXMS identification and afford ample constraints to facilitate structural deciphering. PQM cross-linkers were used in vitro, in E. coli, and in mammalian cells to cross-link dimeric proteins and endogenous membrane receptors. The cross-linker NHQM could directly cross-link proteins to DNA, for which few cross-linkers exist. The photoactivatable and multitargeting reactivity of these PQM cross-linkers will substantially enhance chemical cross-linking based technologies for studies of protein-protein and protein-DNA networks and for structural biology.
关键词： DNA-protein interaction,cross-linker,protein-protein interaction,photo-cross-linking,quinone methide
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Photo-Cross-Linkable Polymer Inks for Solution-Based OLED Fabrication
摘要： We introduce a catalyst-free, highly e?cient, ambient temperature Diels?Alder reaction employing o-methylbenzaldehyde derivatives as photocaged dienes as an ideal approach for forming three-dimensional insoluble networks for inkjet printing of OLED emissive layer. Herein, poly(methyl methacrylate) based polymers containing 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-(3′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione as a blue-green (λ max = 495?500 nm) thermally activated delayed ?uorescence (TADF) emitter and a photochemically active maleimide/o-methylbenzaldehyde cross-linker couple were synthesized and their photo-cross-linking behavior was studied. Time resolved ?uorescence measurements con?rm that the TADF properties are maintained upon integration in a polymer network and HOMO/LUMO levels of the emitter species remain unchanged by the photo-cross-linking at 365 nm of the polymer chains. The network formation of the ?uorescent ?lms is evidenced by solvent resistance tests and monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as well as time of ?ight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), showing the consumption of maleimide and o-methylbenzaldehyde groups with increasing irradiation time. The surface roughness is investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and found to be unchanged by a solvent wash after the cross-linking. Furthermore, con?rmation that the polymer solution can be printed on an inkjet-printer and subsequently photo-cross-linked for multilayer OLED device fabrication is obtained.
关键词： photo-cross-linking,TADF emitter,polymer network,Diels?Alder reaction,inkjet printing,OLED
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Photocaged Quinone Methide Cross-linkers for Light-controlled Chemical Cross-linking of Protein-protein and Protein-DNA Complexes
摘要： Small molecule cross-linkers are invaluable for probing biomolecular interactions and for cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) in addressing large protein complexes and intrinsically disordered proteins. Existing chemical cross-linkers target only a small selection of amino acid residues, limiting the number and type of cross-links, while conventional photocross-linkers target virtually all residues non-selectively, complicating data analysis. Here we report photocaged quinone methide (PQM)-based cross-linkers that are able to multitarget nine nucleophilic residues through specific Michael addition. In addition to Asp, Glu, Lys, Ser, Thr, and Tyr, PQM cross-linkers notably cross-linked Gln, Arg, and Asn hitherto untargetable by existing chemical cross-linkers, markedly increasing the number of residues targetable with a single cross-linker. Such multiplicity of cross-links will increase the abundance of cross-linked peptides for CXMS identification and afford ample constraints to facilitate structural deciphering. PQM cross-linkers were used in vitro, in E. coli, and in mammalian cells to cross-link dimeric proteins and endogenous membrane receptors. The cross-linker NHQM could directly cross-link proteins to DNA, for which few cross-linkers exist. The photoactivatable and multitargeting reactivity of these PQM cross-linkers will substantially enhance chemical cross-linking based technologies for studies of protein-protein and protein-DNA networks and for structural biology.
关键词： quinone methide,photo-cross-linking,DNA-protein interaction,cross-linker,protein-protein interaction
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Effect of Electron-Acceptor Content on the Efficiency of Regioregular Double-Cable Thiophene Copolymers in Single-Material Organic Solar Cells
摘要： Three regioregular thiophenic copolymers, characterized by a bromine atom or a C60-fullerene group at different molar ratios at the end of a decamethylenic plastifying side chain, have been successfully synthesized using a straightforward postpolymerization functionalization procedure based on a Grignard coupling reaction. Owing to their good solubility in common organic solvents, the products were fully characterized using chromatographic, spectroscopic, thermal, and morphological techniques and used as single materials in the photoactive layers of organic solar cells. The photoconversion efficiencies obtained with copolymers were compared with those of a reference cell prepared using a physical blend of the precursor homopolymer and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester. The best results were obtained with COP2, the copolymer with a 21% molar content of C60-functionalized side chains. The use of the double-cable polymer made possible an enhanced control on the nanomorphology of the active blend, thus reducing phase-segregation phenomena as well as the macroscale separation between the electron-acceptor and -donor components, yielding a power conversion efficiency higher than that of the reference cell (4.05 vs 3.68%). Moreover, the presence of the halogen group was exploited for the photo-cross-linking of the active layer immediately after the thermal annealing procedure. The cross-linked samples showed an increased stability over time, leading to good efficiencies even after 120 h of accelerated aging: this was a key feature for the widespread practical applicability of the prepared devices.
关键词： photo-cross-linking,C60-fullerene,double-cable polymer,thermal annealing,regioregular thiophenic copolymers,Grignard coupling reaction,organic solar cells,photoconversion efficiencies
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04