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Performance and Empirical Analysis of Photovoltaic Modules Made of Different Technologies Using Capacity Evaluation Method
摘要： Performance of 5 photovoltaic (PV) modules made of different technologies (monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium selenide and heterojunction with intrinsic layer) is evaluated according to the short-term capacity evaluation method described in IEC TS 61724-2 standard. Measurements for the analysis are obtained from the data acquisition system developed by the Laboratory for Renewable Energy Sources at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology (FERIT) Osijek which is described in the paper. Results of the performance analysis according to the IEC TS 61724-2 standard indicate that the copper indium selenide PV module Solar Frontier SF150-S has the greatest performance, therefore it is the most suitable PV module for the micro-location of Osijek, Croatia with European humid continental climate. The lowest performance of all studied PV modules is achieved by polycrystalline silicon PV module Bisol BMU 250. Empirical analysis of the relations of various electrical and meteorological parameters is performed and dependencies are evaluated. In the last section, mathematical models of PV module efficiency in relation to the module temperature are derived based on empirical analysis of measurements.
关键词： photovoltaic module,capacity evaluation method,performance analysis,empirical analysis
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[Institution of Engineering and Technology 5th IET International Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT2018) - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (5-6 Sept. 2018)] 5th IET International Conference on Clean Energy and Technology (CEAT2018) - The Impact of Energy Yield of a Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading
摘要： Photovoltaic module is very susceptible to partial shading problem. In a photovoltaic power system, large number of photovoltaic modules are connected in series to provide required voltage and power. Due to large number of photovoltaic modules, the chances of every photovoltaic module to receive uniform solar irradiance become lower. Therefore, a photovoltaic system consists of large number of photovoltaic modules is even more susceptible to partial shading problem. This paper presents the investigation of the energy yield of a photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions. The investigation results shows that the energy yield of a photovoltaic system decreases as the shading heaviness increases. However, the effect is not constant. The effect is especially significant when the photovoltaic system is under lightly partial shaded conditions. In worst case, the energy yield of the photovoltaic system can drops up to 17.65 % as the shading heaviness increases by 20 %. Therefore, the partial shading need to be address in order to minimize the losses of the photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,photovoltaic string,solar energy,partial shading
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Analysis of the degradation of encapsulant materials used in photovoltaic modules exposed to different climates in China
摘要： This work investigates the degradation mechanisms of polymeric encapsulants used in photovoltaic modules. Two groups of photovoltaic modules, which were exposed to two typical climates, namely a hot-humid climate and a hot-dry climate, were investigated. Both types of modules were produced by Siemens Solar in 1992 and exposed to outdoor sunlight and the climate for 18 years. The results show that, depending on the climate conditions, the polymeric encapsulant materials exhibit different degradation mechanisms regarding the optical, chemical and morphological properties. The aging of polymeric encapsulant materials is, on the one hand, related to the working environment (moisture, sunlight intensity, UV content and temperature) and, on the other hand, also the conditions are not uniform across the modules: moisture ingress is more important at the edge of the module, oxygen diffusion is more important between cells than at the center of a cell, the module temperature is not uniform.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,FTIR spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,EVA sample,Degradation behavior
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Environmental Factors for Non-uniform Dynamic Mechanical Load Test due to Wind Actions on Photovoltaic Modules
摘要： The issue of typhoons has received considerable critical attention since the associated strong winds generally damaged photovoltaic (PV) modules severely. Previous IEC standards examined the effect of static uniform-loads (IEC 61215-2:2016) or dynamic uniform-loads (IEC TS 62782:2016) on PV module in low wind velocity, but overlooked the moment effect of non-uniform loads due to wind actions in high wind velocity. Therefore, the challenge is how to improve the current mechanical loads system to meet the test requirements due to strong wind such as typhoon’s action on PV module. This work has successfully developed a new test capacity named non-uniform dynamic mechanic loads (NUDML) system, which owns eighteen (3x6) independent pneumatic cylinders with maximum loading up to ±12000 Pa (pressure load “+” or suction load “-”). NUDML system can simulate the different wind actions on PV module by the test data named mean surface pressure pattern (MSPP). All MSPPs can be evaluated directly by wind-tunnel experiment and CFD simulation. Results of this study revealed that such severity wind-test for PV module strongly relied on the choices of major environmental factors such as wind velocity (V), wind direction angle (β) and module tilt (α). In addition, the failures of test modules and its fixtures, after NUDML test, are closely related to the external forces such as MSPP (V, α, β).
关键词： Photovoltaic module,mechanical load,non-uniform,wind load,mean surface pressure pattern
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Maximum power output performance modeling of solar photovoltaic modules
摘要： The aim of this work is to present the results of maximum power performance measurements of PV modules of the first grid-connected PV system installed at Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables (CDER), working since June 2004. The analysis has shown that all the PV modules are producing power, but less than rated value. In our case, two mathematical models have been used in order to determine the maximum power output (Pmax) delivered by the PV module as function of the solar irradiance intensity and the PV-module temperature. Comparison have been made for the two models. Note that PVWATTS model is simpler than the analytical five-parameter model.
关键词： Temperature correction,Maximum power,Performance,Photovoltaic module
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A new production cost effectiveness factor for assessing photovoltaic module cooling techniques
摘要： Numerous cooling techniques are available to reduce photovoltaic module (PV) temperature and thus improve PV efficiency. Sometimes, the manufacturing cost of some PV cooling techniques is higher as compared with their power productivity, and thus the cost parameter is needed to be taken into consideration to justify producing certain PV cooling techniques. This paper is intended to link the manufacturing cost of the PV cooler with its output power by providing an economic analysis as there is a research gap in previous studies related to the economic aspect of these products. It proposes a new method by defining and deriving a new parameter called the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor whose value is affected by the PV efficiency gained of a PV with and without a cooler, the manufacturing cost of the PV cooling technique, and the cost of one watt of PV power. Based on the value of this new factor, three possible classifications are suggested. They are production/not production cost effective or neutral. To determine the optimum PV cooler, the minimum value of the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor is defined. The applicability conditions and limitations of the proposed method are illustrated. It is shown that the PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor and its minimum value are helpful in classifying the PV cooling techniques based on their power productivity and manufacturing cost. This parameter may have a potential to be used by PV cooling technique designers and manufacturers on making their design decisions.
关键词： manufacturing cost,photovoltaic module,photovoltaic efficiency,PV cooling technique,PV cooling technique production cost effectiveness evaluation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hybrid Solar Cells with a Sunlight Concentrator System
摘要： Hybrid solar cells based on InGaP/Ga(In)As/Ge multijunction structures integrated into crystalline Si heat-removal base and provided with sunlight concentrator system based on linear Fresnel lenses and carboplastic mount structure have been developed and investigated. The hybrid solar cells with sunlight concentrators in the photovoltaic module provide a specific electric power of 390 W/m2 (AM0, 1367 W/m2) at a photoconverter unit specific weight reduced to 1.0 kg/m2. Improved photovoltaic characteristics and high radiation resistance allow using the proposed hybrid solar modules with sunlight concentrators in space solar batteries and autonomous power supply facilities.
关键词： linear Fresnel lens,concentrator photovoltaic module,hybrid solar cell,multijunction photovoltaic cell,solar battery
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - Xi'an, China (2019.6.3-2019.6.6)] 2019 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG) - An Extraction Method for the Parasitic Capacitance of the Photovoltaic Module Based on the Oscillation of the Leakage Current
摘要： In photovoltaic (PV) plant, the parasitic capacitance between the PV module and the ground causes leakage current in the non-isolated systems. The case can be deteriorated in the rain environment, because increases dramatically due to the rain water. This paper presents an extraction method for the parasitic capacitance between the PV module and the ground. Unlike the common analytical, numerical way and direct measurement method, the parasitic capacitance is obtained through measurement of the leakage current oscillation. A full-bridge inverter is used to explain the principle as well as for the measurement. Theoretical calculation, MATLAB simulations and experimental measurements finally verify the accuracy of the proposed methods. The experimental results are shown to validate the method works well.
关键词： photovoltaic module,parasitic capacitance,leakage current,oscillation
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Modelling of a Multipurpose Photovoltaic Generator Block Using ATP-EMTP
摘要： One of the major references to deal with electromagnetic transients is the ATP-EMTP program whose associated tools, ATPDraw (a graphical interface) and MODELS (a programmable language), have pushed its use to other electrical system analysis. In this context, this article aims to show the development of a computational block to represent the photovoltaic generator in ATP, with its respective mask and configuration in ATPDraw. Starting from the classical mathematical foundation, a photovoltaic module is developed from data available in manufacturers’ manuals. The ideality equations are then modified to attend different purposes: applying new values of temperature and irradiation, choosing series and/or parallel association of modules, including different values of series and parallel resistances. The final multipurpose photovoltaic generator is validated by comparison of its results with those found in the related technical literature.
关键词： Photovoltaic module,MODELS,Modelling,ATPDraw,ATP-EMTP
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Influence of Temperature on the Output Parameters of a Photovoltaic Module Based on Amorphous Hydrogenated Silicon
摘要： The light load current-voltage characteristics of a solar photovoltaic module based on amorphous hydrogenated silicon have been studied at different temperatures under conditions of natural solar illumination (Рrad = 870 ± 10 W/m2). It has been found that the temperature dependence of the photocurrent has two slopes due to a change in the generation–recombination mechanism. The increase in the value of the short-circuit current with increasing temperature of the photovoltaic module is explained by a rise in the drift lengths of minority charge carriers due to an increase in the lifetime of minority carriers. In this case, the quasi Fermi level shifts to the conduction band, and the concentration of recombination centers decreases due to recharging of defective levels (D0 → D–). The decrease in the value of the open-circuit voltage with increasing temperature is explained by the exponential increase in the reverse saturation current and decrease in the band gap of the semiconductor. It has been found that the fill factor (FF) of the current–voltage characteristics decreases with increasing temperature, most likely due to a decrease in the shunt resistance (Rsh), which connects parallel to the p–n junction, consists of parasitic resistances, and leads to an increase in leakage currents. The temperature coefficient of the maximum output power has a positive value in the range of 320–332 K, i.e., increases with temperature. It has been revealed that the values of shunt and series resistance decrease with increasing temperature. A large loss of power output (up to 19%) has been observed on the series resistance of the solar photovoltaic module in the temperature range of 320–332 K. With increasing temperature, the loss of generated power on the shunt resistance grows sublinearly. The efficiency of the solar photovoltaic module decreases from 7.95 to 7.65% and has a coefficient of temperature dependence of efficiency, which decreases from ≈ –0.029%/K to ≈ –0.046%/K.
关键词： shunt resistance,series resistance,efficiency,temperature,open-circuit voltage,fill factor,solar photovoltaic module,amorphous hydrogenated silicon,short-circuit current
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04