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Implementing Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems That Integrate Photovoltaic Energy Generation Systems
摘要： Traditionally, the energy industry has been slow in adopting new disruptive technologies and the transition to a new energy market will require a new digital transformation plan, involving all parties from the energy market. Although it now seems to be an impossible and hard-to-accept scenario, especially by the big players in the industry, the pilot projects so far demonstrate that blockchain can play a major role in the future energy market, even if the technology is still in the first stages of the adoption life cycle. This article attempts to describe a solution to provide alternative irrigation systems for small farmers. The solution involves creating associations of small farmers that will use green energy from photovoltaic panels for the irrigation of agricultural lands. The efficiency of the proposed system can be monitored not only through digital hardware connected to photovoltaic panels and water pumps, but also by using the new blockchain technology that stimulates innovation and growth in the energy and a high level of automation though smart contracts. To accelerate the transition to the green energy economy, a SolarCoin version similar to the Bitcoin cryptocurrency has also been proposed, which is a utility token that creates new possibilities for energy and water trading.
关键词： SCADA,blockchain,floating photovoltaic panels,irrigation system,photovoltaic water pumping systems (PWPS),SolarCoin
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Crowdfunding preferences for a sustainable milk product with integrated photovoltaic water pumping system in China
摘要： This paper studies the role of potential investors in financing renewable energy systems—specifically, relating to crowdfunding as a financing mechanism, with the enhancement of internet and social-media tools. The research question in this study is whether crowdfunding with a novel socio-technical product reward program attracts potential customers to a more sustainable milk product with a specific integrated photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) system. The particular case study we empirically investigated is product reward crowdfunding in dairy milk production in China. The milk production chain was supplied by PVWP system integration, which generated solar energy both for feed production for dairy cows and for the operation of dairy farms. 48 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted between the research team and customers in order to perform qualitative analyses of the determinants of customers’ milk purchase behaviors. In addition, 357 online surveys were collected for quantitative analysis. Binary and ordered probit regressions were employed to use survey date to systematically estimate purchase intention and willingness-to-pay for sustainable milk. Customer behaviors, environmental consciousness, and individual socio-demographic factors were investigated as potential explanatory variables. Over 82% of the survey participants showed intentions to purchase the sustainable milk with the PVWP system. In the survey and interview samples, results showed that milk quality, nutrition improvement, emissions reduction, and environmental benefits attributed to the integrated PVWP system were the major factors considered by interviewees who showed intentions to purchase the crowdfunded dairy milk. Regression model results suggested that potential customers with higher income levels, and those of parenting age, and those with young children or planning to have children, had a higher willingness-to-pay than other customers for the crowdfunded sustainable dairy milk. The familiarity with and popularity of online shopping and pre-sale purchases in China made customers more open to and proactive towards pre-pay and crowdfunding mechanisms. This article evaluated key factors which may influence potential customers for crowdfunding, and used a discrete choice model to estimate customers’ willingness-to-pay for reward-based projects. These results could help producers of sustainable milk products to identify potential target groups in China and estimate market demand. This exploratory study could provide a framework with both quantitative and qualitative assessment of crowdfunding for renewable energy systems in a national or international context.
关键词： Discrete choice model,Photovoltaic water pumping,Sustainable milk,Crowdfunding,Willingness-to-pay
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Rehabilitation of Mauritanian oasis using an optimal photovoltaic based irrigation system
摘要： Most of Mauritania’s landscape is desert areas with very limited water sources. In the meanwhile, the current irrigation methods that are used in available oases are conventional and implied high water losses which lead to deserti?cation of the oases and consequently destroy agriculture and livestock. Thus, this research aims to protect these oases by proposing an optimized photovoltaic based water irrigation system. Description of adopted oases areas characteristics and solar energy potential in Mauritania are provided. Moreover classi?cations of pumps, motors, irrigation systems and required PV power are given in this research. After that, a full and detailed design is proposed for water irrigation in Mauritanian’s oases. Results show that a photovoltaic power system with a capacity of 142.8 kWp is needed to power eight submersible pumps with a total power of 83.5 kW. The pumps are designed to deliver 80% of the available wells’ capacity for eight zones of date palm trees that are planted in Tawaz oasis which is located in Adrar region. It is also found that 250 storage tanks with capacity of 4 m3 for each are needed so as to maintain the availability of the system. A one year simulation of the proposed system is conducted, Based on the conducted simulation, the average cost of the pumped water by the system of the 8 wells is about 20.71 cent/m3 which is lower than the current pumping cost by 300%. It is also noted that the water loss of the former irrigation process is reduced signi?cantly.
关键词： Oasis,Mauritania,Photovoltaic water pumping
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr - Athens, Greece (4–6 September 2019)] TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES19Gr - Comparative study on photovoltaic water pumping systems driven by direct current motor (DCM) and induction motor (IM) optimized with P&O control
摘要： This paper presents a comparison between two photovoltaic water pumping system driven by a separately excited DC motor (DCM) and an induction motor (IM), via a DC/DC buck-boost converter coupled to a centrifugal pump. The two systems are optimised by a P&O MPPT algorithm, which aims to the maximisation of the global efficiency, will lead consequently to maximize the drive speed and the water discharge rate of the coupled centrifugal pump. Each component of the PV water pumping system is studied and analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The two systems are then compared in terms of efficiency and quantity of water pumped per day. The study concludes that the IM-driven PV system yields highly favorable results and requires less maintenance compared with other systems.
关键词： photovoltaic water pumping,induction motor,DC/DC buck-boost converter,centrifugal pump
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Purchase Intention for Crowd-funded Milk Products with Integrated Photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems in China
摘要： In comparison with current financing mechanisms for renewable energy systems, crowd-funding financing mechanism offers a new potential source of financing with recent use of social media. Crowd-funding financing mechanism can also increases the social supports for renewable energy systems as users and investors turn to be more actively engaged in energy systems. As a new potential source of financing, crowd-funding mechanism has different forms, including donation, lending, equity and product reward approaches. In this paper, discrete choice model was used to explore whether crowd-funding financing with a novel sociotechnical product reward practice, has the attractions for potential customers to pay for a more sustainable milk product with distributed photovoltaic (PV) system. We empirically investigated the reward-base crowd funding with the specific integrated photovoltaic water pumping (PVWP) system in dairy milk production in China. 48 in-depth interviews were adopted for qualitative analysis of determinants of customer milk purchase decision. The ordered probit regression was employed with 357 online surveys to systematically estimate the purchase intention for the online-crowd-funding sustainable milk. Customer behaviours, environmental consciousness, and the individual socio-demographic factors were tested as potential explanatory variables. In the survey and depth interview samples, we found interviewees as potential customers showed strong purchase intentions to the crowd funding dairy milk for noticing milk quality and nutritious improvement, emission reduction and environmental benefits by the integrated PVWP system. In our findings of the regression results, the females, customers with young children or planning to have children were found with higher willing to purchase than other customers for crowd funding the sustainable dairy milk. The familiarity and popularity with online shopping and pre-sale purchase in China made customers more open and active towards pre-pay and crowd-funding mechanism.
关键词： Binary probit regression,Dairy milk in China,Discrete choice model,Crowd-funding,Photovoltaic water pumping
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Borehole water level model for photovoltaic water pumping systems
摘要： Using photovoltaic energy to pump water from aquifers is an interesting solution to circumvent the low electricity grid coverage and provide improved domestic water access in off-grid areas in sub-Saharan Africa. When pumping and during the lifetime of a pumping installation, the borehole water level changes, which impacts the amount of energy required to extract water from the aquifer. In order to address alterations in energy requirements, this article develops a data-driven borehole water level model adapted to photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS). The proposed model is applicable to all types of PVWPS and aquifers. It has been validated against experimental data from a pilot PVWPS located in a rural off-grid village in Burkina Faso having achieved more than 97% accuracy. Thanks to this borehole model, we have been able to assess the influence of the variability of groundwater resources on both the performance of PVWPS and on their optimal sizing. We show that the variation of the static water level can require a increase of the peak power of the PV modules of up to 100%. Nonetheless, the effect of the drawdown due to the pumping is negligible. This study can help companies, governments and non-governmental organizations to better take into account the variability and the sustainability of groundwater resources in the optimal sizing and monitoring of PVWPS.
关键词： Groundwater resources,Optimal sizing,Sensitivity analysis,Photovoltaic water pumping,Lifecycle cost,Data validated model
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04