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- 2015
- Xanthomonas oryzae
- multispectral and multimodal microscopy
- spectroscopic imaging
- plant cell diseases
- classification
- rice
- Applied Physics
- University of Sciences, Technique and Technology Bamako
- Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphou?t-Boigny Yamoussoukro
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Protocol for Producing Three-Dimensional Infrared Video of Freezing in Plants
摘要： Freezing in plants can be monitored using infrared (IR) thermography, because when water freezes, it gives off heat. However, problems with color contrast make 2-dimensions (2D) infrared images somewhat difficult to interpret. Viewing an IR image or the video of plants freezing in 3 dimensions (3D) would allow a more accurate identification of sites for ice nucleation as well as the progression of freezing. In this paper, we demonstrate a relatively simple means to produce a 3D infrared video of a strawberry plant freezing. Strawberry is an economically important crop that is subjected to unexpected spring freeze events in many areas of the world. An accurate understanding of the freezing in strawberry will provide both breeders and growers with more economical ways to prevent any damage to plants during freezing conditions. The technique involves a positioning of two IR cameras at slightly different angles to film the strawberry freezing. The two video streams will be precisely synchronized using a screen capture software that records both cameras simultaneously. The recordings will then be imported into the imaging software and processed using an anaglyph technique. Using red-blue glasses, the 3D video will make it easier to determine the precise site of ice nucleation on leaf surfaces.
关键词： Infrared thermography,plant freezing,anaglyph,3-dimensional video,convergence,strawberry
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Cape Town, South Africa (2018.6.28-2018.6.29)] 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica - Design of Photo Voltaic (PV) Solar Power Plant to Supply Electricity and to Pump Water to Chele Community
摘要： Most people in Angola are still having problems with accessing electricity and water for daily basis. In Angola only 15% of villages are having electricity and water supply. Along the years the uses of non-renewable energies have been the most used and now they are becoming difficult to access. The challenge is to transmit electricity to village because of grid costs and long distances. Renewable energy sources are a good option because require complicated infrastructure nor a national grid. Chele is a village that is in Cabinda (Angola) and situated more than 100 Km away from Cabinda city. People of Chele community have been experiencing lack of water and electricity supply, and the villagers need to walk more than 8 Km to get water. The lack of electricity in this village is due to the fact that there is no closest national grid to supply electricity and to pump water. The paper reports on a project of providing affordable and sustained electricity and water supply to Chele community. The best way to implement this is to design stand-alone PV Solar Power Plant system to supply Electricity and Pump water to Chele community.
关键词： Motor pump,Design of Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Power Plant,PV Array
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Raspberry (Breeding, Challenges and Advances) || Use of Imaging Technologies for High Throughput Phenotyping
摘要： In this chapter we describe a high throughput phenotyping system that we have developed for raspberry and other soft fruit crops and its application to against individual (water stress regimes, vine weevil and Phytophthora root rot) and combined stresses. The term phenotype is used to describe the morphology, physiology, biochemistry and ontogeny of a plant, encompassing the diverse array of traits that contribute to the plant’s functional form. Plant phenotype is expressed as a consequence of the interaction between the plant genetic background (i.e. genotype) and the biotic and abiotic conditions experienced by the plant in its growing environment. A key focus of raspberry and other crop breeding is to understand the genetic control of desirable plant traits and the influence of environmental conditions on trait expression, which relies on the ability to collect quantitative information on target traits across genetically-characterised populations of plants. The process of characterising plant traits in detail, referred to as plant phenotyping, is a major challenge when relating plant genetic information to traits for plants in realistic growing environments.
关键词： high throughput phenotyping,raspberry,soft fruit crops,plant breeding,imaging technologies
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Smart Plant Factory (The Next Generation Indoor Vertical Farms) || Current Status of Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) and Smart PFALs
摘要： The necessity of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) is discussed in relation to the food, resource, and environment trilemma. The definition and main components of the PFAL are described. The number of PFALs in the world, the production cost and wholesale price of the produce, and the plants suited to PFALs are briefly introduced. The main objectives of this book are described, and the image and expected ultimate functions of the smart PFAL are discussed.
关键词： Smart PFAL,PFAL (plant factory with artificial lighting),Global technology,Trilemma,Local technology
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Economic and environmental potential for solar assisted central heating plants in the EU residential sector: Contribution to the 2030 climate and energy EU agenda
摘要： Aligning with the ambitious EU 2030 climate and energy package for cutting the greenhouse emissions and replacing conventional heat sources through the presence of renewable energy share inside efficient district heating fields, central solar heating plants coupled with seasonal storage (CSHPSS) can have a viable contribution to this goal. However, the technical performance variation combined with inadequate financial assessment and insufficient environmental impact data associated with the deployment of those innovative district heating systems represents a big challenge for the broad implementation of CSHPSS in Europe. In this context, our paper presents a comprehensive evaluation for the possibility of integrating CSHPSS in the residential sector in various EU member states through the formulation of a multi-objective optimization framework. This framework comprises the life cycle cost analysis for the economic evaluation and the life cycle assessment for the environmental impact estimation simultaneously. The technical performance is also considered by satisfying both the space heating demand and the domestic hot water services. The methodological framework is applied to a residential neighborhood community of 1120 apartments in various EU climate zones with Madrid, Athens, Berlin, and Helsinki acting as a proxy for the Mediterranean continental, Mediterranean, central European, and Nordic climates, respectively. The optimization results regarding the energy performance show that the CSHPSS can achieve a renewable energy fraction above 90% for the investigated climate zones. At the same time, the environmental assessment shows significant improvement when using the CSHPSS in comparison to a natural gas heating system, in those cases the environmental impact is reduced up to 82.1–86.5%. On the other hand, substantial economic improvement is limited, especially in the Mediterranean climate zone (Athens) due to low heating demands and the prices of the non-renewable resources. There the total economic cost of the CSHPSS plants can increase up to 50.8% compared to a natural gas heating system. However, considering the incremental tendency in natural gas prices all over EU nowadays, the study of future plant costs confirms its favorable long-term economic feasibility.
关键词： Life cycle assessment (LCA),2030 climate and energy EU targets,Multi-objective optimization,Life cycle cost (LCC),Central solar heating plant with seasonal storage,Solar community
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Determination of iodide based on dynamic gas extraction and colorimetric detection by paper modified with silver triangular nanoplates
摘要： This paper reports on a new method for sensitive and selective determination of iodide based on dynamic gas extraction with air flow and digital colorimetric detection using paper modified with silver triangular nanoplates (AgTNPs). Iodide is oxidized in a sample by Fe(III) to produce molecular iodine which is extracted in air flow and transferred to a sensitive AgTNPs-containing paper layer. Interaction of AgTNPs with iodine results in optical changes which can be monitored by ordinary scanner. The high selectivity of dynamic gas extraction to volatile compounds ensures successful analysis of such samples as cranberry and kelp with no sample pretreatment, and due to the sensitivity of AgTNPs good analytical performance can be achieved. The limit of detection of iodide was found to be of 0.01 mg L?1 and the determination range of 0.03–0.3 mg L?1. The method can be easily adapted to simultaneous determination of iodide/iodine and iodide/chloride in the same sample.
关键词： Scanner,Silver triangular nanoplates,Colorimetry,Dynamic gas extraction,Plant and pharmaceutical analysis,Iodide
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Red light means on for phosphorus
摘要： Light is a critical environmental factor that influences nutrient uptake in roots and the subsequent use of nutrients, which is necessary to sustain plant growth. The positive effect of red light on phosphorus uptake has now been defined, along with the pivotal role of the phytochrome-B signalling cascades that mediate this effect.
关键词： nutrient uptake,phosphorus,red light,plant growth,phytochrome-B
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018 - ()] 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018 - <i>RPi Macro Camera: An Inexpensive and Handheld Camera Based on the Raspberry Pi Computer for Plant Phenotype Studies</i>
摘要： The technological and scientific advancement in the field of agriculture has opened a new era for design and development of modern devices for plant phenotype studies. To take advantage of recent advances in mobile technology, we built a low-cost point-and-shoot prototype camera called RPi Macro Camera, RMC, using for photographing macro images of plant. RMC consists of a Raspberry Pi computer equipped with adjustable CMOS camera modules easily to removed and replaced, as well as a lithium battery, and a 5-inch touchscreen liquid crystal display. The package size of the RMC measured about 130 x 100 x 100 mm3 and it weighed less than 600 grams. The total cost of the components was less than USD 150. The inexpensive camera, RMC, was tested on serial sections of wheat straw in different growth stages dyed with safranin O-fast green supported over microslides. Our prototype camera was direct photography with samples in conventional environment with power supplied from battery. The camera was able to obtain good-quality images for statistical analysis on red and green intensity associated with simple programming including image segmentation and color calibration. With modest improvements and further image processing algorithm, RMC is expected to be useful for a variety of plant phenotype studies
关键词： plant phenotype,color calibration,RMC (RPi Macro Camera),low cost photography,image segmentation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Performance investigation of a hybrid PV-diesel power system for remote areas
摘要： Algeria is in a region with an enormous potential of solar energy for power generation. However, photovoltaic (PV) power plants have not yet been developed sufficiently in the country, and its applications such as PV pumping, solar distillation, and solar heating. The main problem is the high maintenance, operating costs, fossil‐fuel transportation, and CO2 emission of Bordj Badji Mokhtar's (BBM's) diesel power plant that exhibits a noteworthy issue in south Algeria. This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study for PV/diesel hybrid energy system (HES) considering the load demand profile and the solar radiation in isolated area of south Algeria. Suggested hybridization based on a renewable energy with a view to an improved environment is promising. Study results show the performance of PV/diesel system based on solar radiation. The experiment load curve in this typical area may conduct the diesel generator to operate at 60% to 70% of its nominal power with less fuel consumption, and it has been verified during this study that the implementation of a PV/diesel hybrid system is efficient for higher load and higher solar radiation. Results and discussions are encouraging considering less emission of greenhouse gases and less storage of fuel, which drives the government to draw a political arrangement for the improvement of cleaner forms of electricity generation.
关键词： hybrid energy system (HES),PV generator,CO2 emission,South Algeria,diesel power plant,fuel consumption,solar radiation
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Fault detection in trackers for PV systems based on a pattern recognition approach
摘要： In many photovoltaic (PV) power plants, the PV modules are installed in trackers. In these systems, the PV modules are fixed in a mobile structure to always maintain a perpendicular position to the brightest point in the sky, obtaining in this way the maximum power from the sun, during the all day. Nevertheless, these systems are subject to problems that reduce their efficiency. Thus, visual inspection or complex methods can be used to detect this problem. However, these systems normally result in delays or are expensive. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new method for that detection. This, method is based on the pattern recognition analysis. Thus, through the analysis of the images of the several solar panels, the PV module that presents a problem in the tracker will be detected. The orientation of the PV modules is determined using the centroid of the PV cells after applying an image pre‐processing stage. The angle is calculated using the statistical moments or by the slope of the line joining two centroids of the PV cells that are located at the vertices of the PV module. Several test cases are presented to verify the efficiency of the proposed approach.
关键词： pattern recognition,image processing,tracker,PV power plant,fault detection,PV module
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36