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Plasmonic Color Makes a Comeback
摘要： The phenomenon behind the earliest photographs is inspiring new research in color printing and displays. One of the earliest surviving photographs shows the mortuary temple of Pharaoh Ramses II, located in the ancient Egyptian capital of Thebes. The sharp clarity of the image, showing a building with a golden glow framed by a blue sky, gives the impression that it could be a modern snapshot, but the image, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, was taken in 1844. Rather than being captured by modern, high-resolution methods, this early photograph, called a daguerreotype, was made by exposing a silver iodide-coated surface to light, creating clusters of elemental silver 1?2 nm in diameter. The image was developed with mercury vapor, forming silver?mercury nanoparticles, which scatter light and create the ?nal scene, embodying a resolution impressive even by today’s standards. Two centuries later, the technology responsible for this earliest of photographs is making a comeback: it is inspiring the next generation of ultra-high-resolution color printing and displays.
关键词： plasmonic color,daguerreotype,displays,nanoparticles,color printing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Electrochemical Switching of Plasmonic Colors Based on Polyaniline-Coated Plasmonic Nanocrystals
摘要： Plasmonic color generation has attracted much research interest due to the unique optical properties of plasmonic nanocrystals that are promising for chromatic applications, such as flat-panel displays, smart windows and wearable devices. Low-cost, monodisperse plasmonic nanocrystals supporting strong localized surface plasmon resonances are favorable for the generation of plasmonic colors. However, many implementations so far have either a single static state or complexities in the particle alignment and switching mechanism for generating multiple displaying states. Herein we report on a facile and robust approach for realizing the electrochemical switching of plasmonic colors out of colloidal plasmonic nanocrystals. The metal nanocrystals are coated with a layer of polyaniline, whose refractive index and optical absorption are reversibly switched through the variation of an applied electrochemical potential. The change in the refractive index and optical absorption results in the modulation of the plasmonic scattering intensity with a depth of 11 dB. The electrochemical switching process is fast (~5 ms) and stable (over 1000 switching cycles). A device configuration is further demonstrated for switching plasmonic color patterns in a transparent electrochemical device, which is made from indium-tin-oxide electrodes and a polyvinyl alcohol solid electrolyte. Our control of plasmonic colors provides a favorable platform for engineering low-cost and high-performance miniaturized optical devices.
关键词： polyaniline,electrochemical switching,plasmonic color display,noble metal nanocrystals,plasmonic colors,plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A Plasmonic Paintera??s Method of Color Mixing for a Continuous Red-Green-Blue (RGB) Palette
摘要： The ability of mixing colors with remarkable results had long been exclusive to the talents of master painters. By finely combining colors at different amounts on the palette, intuitively, they obtain smooth gradients with any given color. Creating such smooth color variations through scattering by the structural patterning of a surface, as opposed to color pigments, has long remained a challenge. Here, we borrow from the painter’s approach and demonstrate color mixing generated by an optical metasurface. We propose a single-layer plasmonic color pixel and a method for nanophotonic structural color mixing based on the additive RGB color model. The color pixels consist of plasmonic nanorod arrays that generate vivid primary colors and enable independent control of color brightness without affecting chromaticity, by simply varying geometric in-plane parameters. By interleaving different nanorod arrays, we combine up to three primary colors on a single pixel. Based on this, two- and three-color mixing is demonstrated, enabling the continuous coverage of a plasmonic RGB color gamut and yielding a palette with a virtually unlimited number of colors. With this multi-resonant color pixel, we show the photorealistic printing of color and monochrome images at the nanoscale, with ultra-smooth transitions in color and brightness. Our color mixing approach can be applied to a broad range of scatterer designs and materials, and has the potential to be used for multi-wavelength color filters and dynamic photorealistic displays.
关键词： plasmonic color,nanophotonics,plasmonic lattice,color-printing,nanoantenna,structural color
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Patterned resist on flat silver achieving saturated plasmonic colors with sub-20-nm spectral linewidth
摘要： Plasmonic color generation is a promising field of study that have the potential to produce paradigm-shifts in display and printing technologies. To produce vibrant colors, plasmonic surfaces decorated with complex corrugated or protruding structures have been the commonly adopted strategy for saturated structural color generation. However, it is particularly challenging to cover the full sRGB color gamut due to difficulty in achieving narrowband spectral response via plasmonic structures. Here we report a flat silver film decorated with 90 nm-thick resist nanostructures of low aspect-ratio feature (0.25–0.55). With such a facile and close-to-uniform morphology, we experimentally demonstrate sub-20-nm linewidth of full-width-half-maxima (FWHM) of reflection spectra in the visible range, realizing a color gamut comparable to that of ultra-high definition TV (UHDTV) in the chromaticity diagram. Our work breaks the conventional notion that sophisticated and high aspect-ratio plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures are indispensable, and highly saturated color are impossible for plasmonic nanoprinting. The unique structure enables an etch-free fabrication and recycling recipe, with the potential for mass production by nanoimprinting lithography and other applications including multicolor holographic projection.
关键词： sRGB color gamut,narrowband spectral response,Plasmonic color generation,nanoimprinting lithography,structural color
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Seoul, Korea (South) (2019.1.27-2019.1.31)] 2019 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) - Diversified and Precise Plasmonic Color Tuning by Three-Dimensional Air-Gap Nanocavities
摘要： We report a new arrayed three-dimensional (3D) air-gap nanocavities with multiple tunable geometrical parameters. Light is tightly confined into the nanocavities and strong surface-plasmon coupling is introduced, realizing narrow band resonance. Vivid plasmonic colors are generated, and can be tuned by multiple geometrical parameters of the 3D nanocavities, including shapes, separations, and heights. What’s more, the surface-plasmon coupling resonance has different dependence on different variable geometrical parameters. So, multi-dimensional color tuning with different spectral sensitivities is realized by proper and precise structural design, leading to both broad gamut and sophisticated plasmonic color printing at the optical diffraction limit.
关键词： plasmonic color tuning,surface-plasmon coupling,color printing,optical diffraction limit,3D air-gap nanocavities
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Dynamic Color-Switching of Plasmonic Nanoparticle Films
摘要： The fast and reversible switching of plasmonic color holds great promise for many applications, while its realization has been mainly limited to solution phases, achieving solid-state plasmonic color-switching has remained a significant challenge owing to the lack of strategies in dynamically controlling the nanoparticle separation and their plasmonic coupling. Herein, we report a novel strategy to fabricate plasmonic color-switchable silver nanoparticle (AgNP) films. Using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the capping ligand and sodium borate as the salt, the borate hydrolyzes rapidly in response to moisture and produces OH? ions, which subsequently deprotonate the PAA on AgNPs, change the surface charge, and enable reversible tuning of the plasmonic coupling among adjacent AgNPs to exhibit plasmonic color-switching. Such plasmonic films can be printed as high-resolution invisible patterns, which can be readily revealed with high contrast by exposure to trace amounts of water vapor.
关键词： plasmonic color-switching,nanoparticles,silver,films,sodium borate
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04