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A Production-Accessible Method: Spectrophotometric Iron Speciation in Wine Using Ferrozine and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
摘要： Wine oxidation is reported to be linked to the iron species present in the wine, but spectrophotometric speciation is plagued by unstable measurements due to alterations to the reduction potential of iron by complexing agents. Ferrozine raises the reduction potential of iron by complexing preferentially to iron(II), inducing the reduction of iron(III) during analysis; here, EDTA is added to chelate iron(III) and to stabilize the forms of iron. Bisulfite addition allows the use of ferrozine for red wine analysis by mitigating color interference. Measurements agree with values from a previous method for iron(II) and from FAAS for total iron. Spike recoveries were in the range of 103.5?110.1%. The method is linear for iron concentrations in the range of 0.10?6.00 mg L?1 and offers good precision (CV 0.4?10.1%) and low limits of detection (0.02 mg L?1) and quantification (0.06 mg L?1). The method demonstrated changes to iron speciation during the oxygenation of red wines.
关键词： reduction potential,oxidation,wine,spectrophotometry,ferrozine,iron speciation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Highly Reproducible and Efficient FASnI <sub/>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated with Volatilizable Reducing Solvent
摘要： Lead-free tin halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great attention because of their low toxicity, ideal band gap, and high carrier mobilities. However, the efficiency and reproducibility of tin halide PSCs has been limited because of the facile oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. Herein, liquid formic acid (LFA) was introduced as a reducing solvent in the FASnI3 (FA: formamidinium) perovskite precursor solution. Unlike solid reducing additives, the LFA solvent is volatile, so no residual LFA remained in the FASnI3 perovskite film. Use of the LFA solvent resulted in production of the FASnI3 perovskite film with high crystallinity, low Sn4+ content, reduced background doping, and low electronic trap density. As a result, an efficiency of over 10% was obtained for lead-free tin halide PSCs with improved reproducibility.
关键词： tin,Lead-free,oxidation,trap density,standard reduction potential
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57