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Battery-assisted low-cost hydrogen production from solar energy: Rational target setting for future technology systems
摘要： The massive implementation of renewable energy requires sophisticated assessments considering the combination of feasible technology options. In this study, a techno-economic analysis was conducted for hydrogen production from photovoltaic power generation (PV) utilizing a battery-assisted electrolyzer. The installed capacity of each component technology was optimized for the wide range of unit costs of electricity from the PV, battery, and proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer. Leveling of PV output by battery, the necessary capacity of electrolyzer is suppressed and the operating ratio of electrolyzer increases. The battery-assist will result in a lower hydrogen production cost when the benefit associated with the smaller capacity and higher operation ratio of the electrolyzer exceeds the necessary investment for battery installation. The results from this study indicated the cost of hydrogen as low as 17 to 27 JPY/Nm3 using a combination of technologies and the achievement of ambitious individual cost targets for batteries, PV, and electrolyzers.
关键词： Techno-economic analysis,Technology roadmap,Off-grid production,Proton-exchange membrane electrolyzer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Roadmap for the development and GMP translation of optical tracers cetuximab-800CW and trastuzumab-800CW
摘要： Optical molecular imaging using fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies is of significant added value to guide surgical or endoscopic procedures. However, development of tracers for clinical trials is complex, and therefore implementation in the clinic is slow. We present a roadmap for development and translation of monoclonal antibody tracers into a current Good Manufacturing Process (cGMP) compliant drug product. Methods. The production process of cetuximab-800CW and trastuzumab-800CW was optimized with regard to dye to protein label ratio and formulation buffer. Promising formulations were produced under cGMP conditions and advanced to full-scale stability study. Tracers were analyzed for stability by SE-HPLC, pH-measurement, osmolality, visual inspection and sterility, as required by the European Pharmacopeia and cGMP guidelines. Results. For cetuximab-800CW, 7 formulations were investigated and for trastuzumab-800CW 10 formulations were investigated. Based on the formulation study results, we chose 2 formulations per antibody for investigation during full-scale stability study. These formulations all performed well, showing good compliance with the acceptance criteria set for each product. Conclusion We designed a roadmap to standardize the development, formulation and cGMP translation of molecular fluorescent tracers. Using our standardized approach, we developed two stable antibody-based tracers for clinical use. When developing tracers, the proposed roadmap can be used to efficiently develop a cGMP compliant formulation and improve translation of newly developed optical tracers to first in human use.
关键词： optical imaging,cGMP,development,roadmap
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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BaWO4:Ce Single Crystals Codoped with Na Ions
摘要： Single crystals of BaWO4, BaWO4: 0.5 at. % Ce; BaWO4: 1 at. % Ce; BaWO4: 0.5 at. % Ce, 1 at. % Na; and BaWO4: 1 at. % Ce, 2 at. % Na were grown from an inductively heated iridium crucible by the Czochralski method on a Malvern MSR4 puller. They were investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at helium temperatures. One isolated center of high (D2d or S4) symmetry was found and two or more other centers of lower symmetry were identified, depending on crystal doping. From the fitting using the EPR-NMR program, the following parameters of g-matrix for the high symmetry center were found: gx = 1.505, gy = 1.505, and gz = 2.731. The linewidth vs. temperature revealed an increasing exponential tendency with increasing temperature. It showed one phonon at the lower temperatures and a Raman + Orbach effect at the higher temperatures. Radioluminescence and pulse height spectra showed rather poor scintillation properties, without any contribution from cerium emission.
关键词： scheelite,EPR,local symmetry,roadmap,BaWO4,structural refinement
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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A roadmap for electronic grade 2D materials
摘要： Since their modern debut in 2004, 2-dimensional (2D) materials continue to exhibit scientific and industrial promise, providing a broad materials platform for scientific investigation, and development of nano- and atomic-scale devices. A significant focus of the last decade’s research in this field has been 2D semiconductors, whose electronic properties can be tuned through manipulation of dimensionality, substrate engineering, strain, and doping (Mak et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 136805; Zhang et al 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 16938; Conley et al 2013 Nano Lett. 13 3626–30; Li et al 2016 Adv. Mater. 28 8240–7; Rhodes et al 2017 Nano Lett. 17 1616–22; Gong et al 2014 Nano Lett. 14 442–9; Suh et al 2014 Nano Lett. 14 6976–82; Yoshida et al 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14808). Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2) have dominated recent interest for potential integration in electronic technologies, due to their intrinsic and tunable properties, atomic-scale thicknesses, and relative ease of stacking to create new and custom structures. However, to go ‘beyond the bench’, advances in large-scale, 2D layer synthesis and engineering must lead to ‘exfoliation-quality’ 2D layers at the wafer scale. This roadmap aims to address this grand challenge by identifying key technology drivers where 2D layers can have an impact, and to discuss synthesis and layer engineering for the realization of electronic-grade, 2D materials. We focus on three fundamental areas of research that must be heavily pursued in both experiment and computation to achieve high-quality materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
关键词： transition metal dichalcogenides,2D materials,grand challenges,technology drivers,2D electronics,synthesis,roadmap
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Business Ecosystem and Technology Roadmap in Taiwan’s TFT-LCD Industry
摘要： During the past decade, Taiwan, a reliable source of quality 12-inch wafer manufacturing, grew to become the largest supplier of TFT-LCD panels in the world. The financial crisis in 2008 and increasing competition from other Asian manufacturers shortly after, led to the current scenario, which is characterized by global oversupply, demand fluctuations, and price volatility. As a result, in 2012 several firms attempted to form alliance strategies in support of Taiwan’s TFT-LCD industry. This paper proposes the Grand Alliance in Taiwan’s TFT-LCD and describes three methods to analyze the current strengths, limitations, and future potential of the Grand Alliance: an Industry Value Chain (Porter 1985), a Dynamic Five Forces framework (Porter 1980), and a Business Ecosystem (Moore 1993). The results suggest that developing a business ecosystem lifecycle could obtain an appropriate technology roadmap for Taiwan’s TFT-LCD industry. The study provides useful observations and directions for management and business coalitions involved in drafting and executing globally competitive strategies.
关键词： five forces,Industry analysis,TFT-LCD industry,technology roadmap,business ecosystem
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Efficiency Roadmap for Evolutionary Upgrades of PERC Solar Cells by TOPCon: Impact of Parasitic Absorption
摘要： Passivating contacts created via a thin interfacial oxide and a highly doped polysilicon layer, e.g., the TOPCon technology, are on the verge of being implemented in solar cell mass production. Investment decisions rely on R&D to identify the most promising implementation option, meaning a trustworthy roadmap based on predicted performance gains. This article shows how to thoroughly quantify the performance potential via numerical simulation, focusing on an evolutionary upgrade of a busbarless p-type bifacial passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) technology. We specifically highlight the need to consider not only the electrical gains of passivating contacts, but also the associated optical losses due to parasitic absorption in the polysilicon layers for front and rear illumination. The influence of free-carrier absorption in polysilicon on the solar cell optics is characterized on experimental test structures in order to verify our optical simulation model. Introducing TOPCon fully at the rear and also locally aligned to the front fingers can boost the PERC efficiency by approximately 1%abs. The final device is strongly limited by losses in the p-type c-Si bulk and phosphorus-doped front emitter. Consequently, the presented evolutionary TOPCon upgrades may well be of increased relevance for future improved p-PERC cells, as an alternative to the current focus on n-type TOPCon cells with boron emitter.
关键词： parasitic absorption,sentaurus TCAD,TOPCon,simulation,passivating contacts,Free-carrier absorption,roadmap,Quokka3
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52