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Performance and degradation assessment of large-scale grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant in tropical semi-arid environment of India
摘要： The performance and degradation of a 1 MWp utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) system located in the tropical semi-arid climate of India is investigated based on four years of monitored data. The reference yield, final yield, system efficiency, capacity factor, and performance ratio are 4.64 h/day 6.23 h/day, 11%, 19.33%, and 74.73%, respectively, according to the standard IEC 61724. The performance is compared to other large-scale PV systems in different climate conditions. The degradation of the PV plant is quantified by using various statistical methods. These methods include the linear least-squares regression (LLS), the classical seasonal decomposition (CSD), the Holt-Winters seasonal model (HW), and the seasonal and trend decomposition using loess (STL). The degradation rate is estimated at 0.27%/year, 0.32%/year, 0.50%/year, and 0.27%/year, respectively, after 50 months operating period. The degradation accuracy analysis classifies the LLS and HW as lower accuracy methods (0.22%) than CSD (0.11%) and STL (0.15%). A comparison of the degradation of mono-Si PV systems for various locations is performed using different statistical methods. This study contributes to the improvements in the knowledge of PV degradation in the Indian climate.
关键词： Semi-arid climates,Utility-scale PV system,Photovoltaic degradation,Statistical methods,Photovoltaic performance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[Sustainable Energy Developments] Geothermal,Wind and Solar Energy Applications in Agriculture and Aquaculture || Chapter 7: Fundamentals of solar energy
摘要： Modern agricultural systems are characterized by the intensive and optimal use of land and water, turning agricultural exploitation into a semi-industrial concept. Greenhouses are systems suitable both for zones with unfavorable climatic conditions – allowing crop growth regardless of the ambient temperature – and for regions with less restrictive weather – with the aim of increasing crop productivity and improving fruit quality. In this context, a secure and environmentally friendly energy supply must be considered, for any power range or circumstance, including for stand-alone installations. Crop growth is primarily determined by climate and the amount of water and fertilizers applied through irrigation. Therefore, greenhouses are ideal for farming because they allow one to optimize these physical parameters, via the photosynthetic process (Ramírez-Arias et al., 2012), to enhance biomass production. This manipulation requires energy consumption, depending on the crop’s physiological requirements, and the production patterns adopted for yield quantity and timing. The present general concern on the development of more efficient and sustainable productive activities has increased interest in the evaluation of alternatives to the conventional energy sources in the sector; presently many are involved in processes for assessing the environmental feasibility and technological development of such alternatives (Antón et al., 2007; Bojacá et al., 2014; Martínez-Blanco et al., 2011; Page et al., 2012; Romero-Gámez et al., 2012; Torrellas et al., 2013; van der Werf et al., 2014). This work aims to provide an overview of the existing options for the integration of renewable sources in greenhouses located in semi-arid regions where, for example, the high availability of solar radiation facilitates its use for the fulfillment of a certain percentage of the heat and/or electricity loads of greenhouses. Accordingly, this overview contains the basic technological aspects of the main renewable technologies applicable in greenhouses, some simplified design tools and criteria for their selection. Finally, it includes a summary of selected experiences in this field. The main objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the technologies that should support the promotion and development of projects for the implementation of renewable energies in agriculture.
关键词： biomass,geothermal energy,wind energy,semi-arid climates,crop growth control,renewable energy,photovoltaic,greenhouses,energy efficiency,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14