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Light and pressure sensors based on PVDF with sprayed and transparent electrodes for self-powered wireless sensor nodes
摘要： In this work, we report on the fabrication of light and pressure sensors based on the piezo-and pyro material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In addition to the operation as sensors, the presented devices are characterized as energy harvesters. To form an electrical connection to the 39 μm thick PVDF foil, solution-based and transparent electrode (TE) materials such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are utilized and compared with commercial aluminum electrodes on polymer substrate. We show that the performance with regard to sensitivity and generated output power of the TE-PVDF devices outperforms the one for the aluminum foil devices. For the piezo- and pyroelectric effect, a pressure and light sensitivity of 3.6 mV/Pa and 42 V cm2/W, respectively, are measured. The maximum RMS power for the piezo- and pyro effect yield to 1 μW and 0.42 μW, respectively, for an active PVDF area of 8 cm2. At the end of this contribution, we show that this power suffices to drive an energy autarkic wireless sensor node (WSN) that is capable of measuring and transmitting an analog sensor signal using ultra-low power components. This application contributes substantially to the notion of the internet of things (IoT) since paramount aspects such as wireless technology, embedded electronics, and environmental sensor data together with an ultra-low power management are addressed.
关键词： wireless sensor nodes,PEDOT:PSS,WSN,Internet of Things,IoT,spray deposition,energy harvesting,silver nanowires,transparent electrodes
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 14th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES) - Cairo, Egypt (2019.12.17-2019.12.17)] 2019 14th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES) - Analog Control Algorithm-Based a Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting System for Low-Power Medical Applications
摘要： One of the attractive solutions used for supplying low-power medical applications is the photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting system. In this paper, the proposed PV energy harvesting system is composed of a photovoltaic panel, a DC-DC boost converter, a fixed resistive load and an analog control algorithm. This algorithm is designed based on the output load current. The algorithm is implemented using the multisim program. This algorithm is simple, efficient, low cost and low power consumption because it measures only the output current parameter and does not need multipliers. The power consumption of the proposed load is approximately 39.24 mW. Therefore, the expected working duration of the load is 20.9 hours under continuously operation of the light for 4 hours. Finally, the simulation results illustrate the transient characteristics of the proposed PV system.
关键词： Medical wearable sensor nodes,Energy harvesting,Multisim,Photovoltaic,Maximum power point (MPP)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 TEQIP III Sponsored International Conference on Microwave Integrated Circuits, Photonics and Wireless Networks (IMICPW) - Tiruchirappalli, India (2019.5.22-2019.5.24)] 2019 TEQIP III Sponsored International Conference on Microwave Integrated Circuits, Photonics and Wireless Networks (IMICPW) - Energy Efficient Design of Cooperative Communication Enabled Magnetic Induction Based Non-Conventional Wireless Sensor Networks
摘要： Non-conventional media comprising of underground and underwater environment use Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). These are used for monitoring, intrusion detection, exploration and sensing. Electromagnetic communication in non-conventional media characterizes high path loss and thus can’t be realized practically . Also, apart from high path loss it experiences ever changing channel behaviour due to soil type, moisture and depth of burial. Magnetic induction (MI)-based communication,a recently explored technique for non-conventional media, addresses the two main considerations for designing cluster-based communication protocols for wireless sensor networks: Lifetime of the network and its ef?ciency in energy parameter. The goal of this paper is to infer the all out total energy utilization for the proposed cooperative communication methodology, where in the quantity of nodes that take an interest in the cluster to cluster cooperative transmission is an arbitrary variable, whose esteem relies upon the intra-cluster channel and noise.
关键词： Total PER,Inter-Cluster Energy,Number of Sensor Nodes,Intra-Cluster Energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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New Techniques for Sizing Solar Photovoltaic Panels for Environment Monitoring Sensor Nodes
摘要： The development of perpetually powered sensor networks for environment monitoring to avoid periodic battery replacement and to ensure the network never goes offline due to power is one of the primary goals in sensor network design. In many environment-monitoring applications, the sensor network is internet-connected, making the energy budget high because data must be transmitted regularly to a server through an uplink device. Determining the optimal solar panel size that will deliver sufficient energy to the sensor network in a given period is therefore of primary importance. The traditional technique of sizing solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is based on balancing the solar panel power rating and expected hours of radiation in a given area with the load wattage and hours of use. However, factors like the azimuth and tilt angles of alignment, operating temperature, dust accumulation, intermittent sunshine and seasonal effects influencing the duration of maximum radiation in a day all reduce the expected power output and cause this technique to greatly underestimate the required solar panel size. The majority of these factors are outside the scope of human control and must be therefore be budgeted for using an error factor. Determining of the magnitude of the error factor to use is crucial to prevent not only undersizing the panel, but also to prevent oversizing which will increase the cost of operationalizing the sensor network. But modeling error factors when there are many parameters to consider is not trivial. Equally importantly, the concept of microclimate may cause any two nodes of similar specifications to have very different power performance when located in the same climatological zone. There is then a need to change the solar panel sizing philosophy for these systems. This paper proposed the use of actual observed solar radiation and battery state of charge data in a realistic WSN-based automatic weather station in an outdoor uncontrolled environment. We then develop two mathematical models that can be used to determine the required minimum solar PV wattage that will ensure that the battery stays above a given threshold given the weather patterns of the area. The predicted and observed battery state of charge values have correlations of 0.844 and 0.935 and exhibit Root Mean Square Errors of 9.2% and 1.7% for the discrete calculus model and the transfer function estimation (TFE) model respectively. The results show that the models perform very well in state of charge prediction and subsequent determination of ideal solar panel rating for sensor networks used in environment monitoring applications.
关键词： battery state of charge,environment monitoring,solar radiation,discrete calculus model,transfer function estimation,solar photovoltaic panels,sensor nodes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04