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Rice–Bernasconi Gorkov–Eliashberg Effect of Giant Dielectric Permittivity in Silica-Based Films Containing Interrupted Silver Nanowires
摘要： Silver nanowires of diameter * 5 nm were grown within thick ?lms (0.6 lm thickness) of sol–gel-derived xAg2O(1 - x)SiO2; x having values of 30 and 40, respectively, by an electrodeposition method. By applying suitable voltage pulses to the composites, interrupted silver nanowires were produced with lengths having values in the range 4000–5000 nm. The samples exhibited dielectric constant with values of the order of 105 and a low dielectric loss (* 0.01). The dielectric constant values calculated by using Rice–Bernasconi model which originated from Gorkov–Eliashberg theory of metallic nanoparticles were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The present work not only provides strong evidence for the basis of Rice–Bernasconi model but also opens up a simple method to synthesize high dielectric constant materials which will be useful in fabricating devices for very large-scale integration applications, among others.
关键词： Interrupted silver nanowires,Electrodeposition,Nanocomposite,Rice–Bernasconi model
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Silver Nanowire Ink for Flexible Circuit on Textiles
摘要： Low cost electronics implemented in textiles could pave the way to a fully new generation of smart products in the fields of healthcare, sport, fashion, and safety. Although many methods have found their way into the market, many problems still need to be solved and much progress has to be made to enable the commercial exploitation of such products. In this paper, silver nanowires of 60–100 nm in diameter and 8–15 μm in length were achieved by the polyol solvothermal method, and aqueous silver nanowire conductive inks were prepared with the synthesized silver nanowires as the conductive phase, in the presence of polyaniline, guar, and hydrochloric acid. The conductive inks were printed on cotton fabric substrate by screen printing process. The effects of the amount of silver nanowires, layers of coating, and treatment temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the four-point probe method. The results show that the conductivity and densification of the samples increased with increased amount of silver nanowires, layers of coating, and treatment temperature. The heat treatment helped to improve densification of the silver nanowires and conductivity of the sample. The resistance of the samples increased after bending due to loosening of the overlap between the silver nanowires.
关键词： conductive coating,silver nanowires,textile,conductivity
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Wrinkled titanium nitride nanocomposite for robust bendable electrodes
摘要： Electrical contacts and interconnections are critical components for all electronic devices. Bendable electrodes with enhanced electro-mechanical properties are highly desirable to develop innovative wearable electronic devices. Herein we report on a fabrication method for robust bendable coatings based on titanium nitride (TiN) thin films and silver nanowires (Ag NWs). TiN and TiN-AgNWs nanocomposites were deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using a plasma enhanced pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The resulting TiN coatings exhibit excellent adhesion to PET and their sheet resistance can be tuned using a dual frequency PLD process and further decreased by incorporating Ag NWs into the TiN layers. Sample sheet resistance was decreased down to values as low as 3.5 Ω/□, thanks to the formation of TiN-AgNWs nanocomposites. The electro-mechanical robustness of TiN based coatings were evaluated by four-probe resistance measurements in situ under cyclic bending tests. We show that the TiN-AgNWs nanocomposites surpass both ITO and Ag NWs coatings in terms of mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity respectively. These nanocomposites withstand high strain fatigue loading up to ε = 2.6%, keeping RS below 5 Ω/□. The data demonstrates that the incorporation of Ag NWs in TiN coatings improve the mechanical robustness, limiting the crack growth and propagation, with low optical transmittance decrease (≈11%). These results indicate that Ag NWs based nanocomposites are attractive materials for flexible electronic devices.
关键词： mechanical strain,titanium nitride,nanocomposite,ITO,flexible electrode,silver nanowires
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Preparation of Transparent Conductive Electrode via Layer-By-Layer Deposition of Silver Nanowires and Its Application in Organic Photovoltaic Device
摘要： Solution processed transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) were fabricated via layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of silver nanowires (AgNWs). First, the AgNWs were coated on (3-Mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane modified glass substrates. Then, multilayer AgNW films were obtained by using 1,3-propanedithiol as a linker via LBL deposition, which made it possible to control the optical transmittance and sheet resistance of multilayer thin films. Next, thermal annealing of AgNW films was performed in order to agent their electrical conductivity. AgNW monolayer films were characterized by UV-Vis spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and sheet resistance measurement by four-point probe method. The high performances were achieved with multilayer films, which provided sheet resistances of 9 ?/sq, 11 ?/sq with optical transmittances of 71%, 70% at 550 nm, which are comparable to commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Finally, an organic photovoltaic device was fabricated on the AgNW multilayer electrodes for demonstration purpose, which exhibited power conversion efficiency of 1.1%.
关键词： silver nanowires,layer by layer deposition,organic photovoltaics,transparent conductive electrode
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Highly Efficient Flexible Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Using Modified PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer and Polymer-Silver Nanowires Composite Electrode
摘要： Metal halide perovskites have been actively studied as promising materials in optoelectronic devices because of their superior optical and electrical properties, and have also shown considerable potential for flexible devices because of their good mechanical properties. However, the large hole injection barrier and exciton quenching between the perovskite emitter and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) can lead to the reduction in device efficiency. Here, a nonconductive fluorosurfactant, Zonyl FS-300 (Zonyl), is introduced into the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer, which reduces the hole injection barrier and exciton quenching at the PEDOT:PSS/perovskite interface. Moreover, a flexible perovskite light-emitting diode with a polymer–silver nanowire composite electrode is demonstrated, showing a maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 17.90 cd A–1, and this is maintained even after 1,000 cycles of bending with a 2.5 mm bending radius.
关键词： flexible perovskite light-emitting diodes,hole transport layer,flexible electrode,silver nanowires (AgNWs),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Transparent Flexible Polymer Actuator with Enhanced Output Force Enabled by Conductive Nanowires Interlayer
摘要： In this work, an approach to enhance the output force of polymer actuators by increasing the dielectric permittivity of the electroactive polymer (EAP), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)), via incorporation of a nanowire interlayer into the polymer matrix is presented. The interlayer is formed by a network of highly conductive silver nanowires with high aspect ratio. Due to the enhanced dielectric properties, the output force of the resultant composite actuator is double that of a neat EAP actuator. This advantage can be utilized to improve user perception of tactile feedback produced by the modified EAP actuator. The higher output force translates to a lower excitation voltage which is 60% of what is required to excite a neat EAP actuator. The resultant-modified EAP maintains its transparency and flexibility, while enhancing the dielectric properties without severe degradation of the electrical breakdown strength. The excellent transparency and flexibility of the modified EAP allows for a wider range of possible applications such as direct and localized haptic feedback on flexible electronic displays, touch screens, etc.
关键词： silver nanowires,haptic feedback,transparent flexible actuators,electroactive polymers,space charge
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Visible light from modulated electron beam moving between twin circular silver nanowires forming plasmonic photonic molecule
摘要： The visible-range diffraction radiation of harmonically modulated electron beam, which moves between twin circular silver nanowires is considered. The electromagnetic field of such a two-dimensional beam is a surface wave propagating along its trajectory with the phase velocity equal to the beam velocity. This wave induces currents on the nanowires and hence radiation occurs even if the beam does not touch the wires. If the wires are tuned to a resonance, the radiated power displays a peak proportional to the resonant mode Q-factor. Sub-wavelength in radius silver nanowires are famous as nanoresonators due to the localized surface-plasmon modes. In our analysis, we use the field expansions in the azimuthal Fourier series and the addition theorems for the cylindrical functions. This enables us to reduce the wave scattering problem to a Fredholm second kind infinite-matrix equation that guarantees convergence of numerical solutions. Truncating this matrix, we compute the near and far field patterns of the wires as optically coupled plasmonic resonators and analyse dependence of the far-field spectral characteristics on the wavelength and electron beam parameters.
关键词： absorption cross-section,optical diffraction radiation,total scattering cross-section,plasmon resonance,surface wave,silver nanowires
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Promising Hybrid Graphene-Silver Nanowire Composite Electrode for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
摘要： Thanks to its high transparency, high carrier mobility, and thermal conductivity, graphene is often used as transparent conductive electrode (TCE) in optoelectronic devices. However, the low carrier concentration and high resistance caused by vacancy defects, grain boundaries, and superposed folds in typical graphene films limit its application. In this study, we propose a method to increase both the conductivity and carrier concentration in single-layer graphene (SLG) by blending it with silver nanowires (AgNWs). AgNWs provide connections between grain boundaries of graphene to improve charge-carrier transport. The AgNWs in this study can reduce the resistance of SLG from 650 Ω/? to 27 Ω/? yet still maintain a transmittance of 86.7% (at 550 nm). Flexible organic light-emitting diode, with a maximum 15000 cd m?2 luminance was successfully fabricated using such graphene and AgNWs composite transparent electrodes.
关键词： Silver nanowires,Graphene,Transparent conductive electrode,Optoelectronic devices,Flexible OLED
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Flexible organic photovoltaics based on water-processed silver nanowire electrodes
摘要： A key feature of organic electronic devices is their mechanical flexibility. However, the performance of flexible organic optoelectronic devices still lags behind the performance of devices on rigid substrates. This is due, in particular, to the lack of flexible transparent electrodes that simultaneously offer low resistance, high transparency and a smooth surface. Here, we report flexible transparent electrodes created using water-processed silver nanowires and a polyelectrolyte. Due to ionic electrostatic charge repulsion, the nanowires form grid-like structures in a single step, leading to smooth, flexible electrodes that have a sheet resistance of around 10 Ω □?1 and a transmittance of around 92% (excluding the substrate). To illustrate the potential of the approach in organic electronics, we use the flexible electrodes to create organic photovoltaic devices. The devices are tested with different types of donors and acceptors, and exhibit performance comparable to devices based on commercial rigid electrodes. Furthermore, flexible single-junction and tandem devices achieve power conversion efficiencies of 13.1% and 16.5%, respectively.
关键词： silver nanowires,flexible electronics,transparent electrodes,organic photovoltaics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT) - Rochester, MI, USA (2018.5.3-2018.5.5)] 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT) - Electrochemical Phosphate Sensors Using Silver Nanowires Treated Screen Printed Electrodes
摘要： Essential biomolecules of the human body and plant growth depend upon the proper amount of phosphate ions. Phosphorus has critical values in both agricultural and biomedical applications. There is a need for inexpensive, portable, repeatable, highly sensitive and field deployable sensors with wide detection range to monitor the health of water system and to develop an electrochemical phosphate sensor using novel ammonium molybdate (AMT/AgNWs) modified screen printed electrode (SPE) for phosphate detection to achieve simplicity, high sensitivity, wide detection range, and high repeatability and portability. The cyclic voltammetry measurements exhibited the sensitivities of AMT modified SPE without and with AgNWs are 0.1 μA/μM and 0.71 μA/μM, respectively. The use of highly conductive AgNWs significantly increased the sensitivities of the AMT/SPE. Besides, AgNWs and AMT modified SPE (AMT/AgNWs/SPE) showed a very wide detection range of 5 μM -1 mM. Moreover, the proposed sensor demonstrated a good repeatability and recovery. Our work suggests that AMT/AgNWs/SPE is promising for simple, low-cost, and portable phosphate ion detection.
关键词： phosphate detection,ammonium molybdate,screen printed electrodes,electrochemical phosphate sensors,silver nanowires
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36