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Ultraviolet light-related DNA damage mutation signature distinguishes cutaneous from mucosal or other origin for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site
摘要： Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site (HNSCCUP) is a diagnostic challenge. Identification of an ultraviolet (UV) light-related DNA damage signature using next-generation sequencing (NGS) can classify the primary site of origin as cutaneous. Methods: A 62-year-old male was seen with 2 months of left neck swelling. He was a lifetime nonsmoker but had a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the left helix. He was also found to have left hilar adenopathy. He had a p16-negative HNSCCUP on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the left neck. Results: NGS of the FNA specimen revealed a high number of somatic mutations that were mostly C to T transitions, indicating a UV mutation signature and confirming the diagnosis of cutaneous SCC. Conclusions: Identification of a UV DNA damage signature with NGS distinguishes HNSCCUP of cutaneous vs mucosal or other squamous cell carcinoma origin.
关键词： unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck,cutaneous tumor mutation burden,next-generation sequencing,ultraviolet light-related DNA damage signature,skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Honolulu, HI (2018.7.18-2018.7.21)] 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) - Unveiling the Impact of Distinct Melanosome Arrangements on the Attenuation of Cancer-Inducing Ultraviolet Radiation
摘要： The exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can trigger a wide array of biological responses, including photocarcinogenesis. Melanin, either in colloidal form or encapsulated into melanosomes, is known to be the main UVR attenuation substance acting within the cutaneous tissues. Although many studies have addressed the protective role of this pigment against the harmful effects of UVR exposure, the impact of different melanosome arrangements on the mitigation of these effects remains to be quantitatively verified. The difficulties to resolve this open question can be mainly attributed to the intrinsic practical limitations of in vivo and in vitro experiments involving skin specimens. In this paper, we describe controlled in silico experiments that allowed us to overcome such limitations and provide quantitative evidence for the clarification of this question. Besides contributing to a more robust understanding of the physiological parameters associated with cutaneous UVR attenuation, our findings can be incorporated into the development of more effective strategies for the evaluation of individuals' susceptibility to UVR exposure. Such strategies are essential for the prevention of UVR-induced pathologies, particularly skin cancer.
关键词： melanosome,sieve and detour effects,ultraviolet radiation,melanin,predictive simulation,skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Control, Power, Communication and Computing Technologies (ICCPCCT) - Kannur (2018.3.23-2018.3.24)] 2018 International Conference on Control, Power, Communication and Computing Technologies (ICCPCCT) - Identification of Melanoma in Dermoscopy Images Using Image Processing Algorithms
摘要： Skin cancer is the most common of all human cancers and is always misunderstood with other kind of skin diseases, so accurate early detection of skin cancer is essential. The main objective of this paper is to segment the lesion and identify melanoma from dermoscopy images. A total of 170 dermoscopy images are used in this research. Firstly, the input images are enhanced for better processing then, the lesion portion is segmented from the enhanced image by two methods 1.Otsu thresholding 2.Morphological operations. The descriptive features are extracted from the segmented lesion. The extracted feature values are used to compute the Total Dermatascopy Score (TDS), which is used to find the presence or absence of melanoma in dermoscopy images. Classification accuracy is calculated to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm.
关键词： Dermoscopy,Segmentation,Total Dermatoscopy Score(TDS),Feature Extraction,Melanoma,Skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Seasonal Minimum and Maximum Solar Ultraviolet Exposure Measurements of Classroom Teachers residing in Tropical North Queensland, Australia
摘要： The risk of keratinocyte skin cancer, malignant melanoma and ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced eye disease is disproportionately higher in Australia and New Zealand compared to equivalent northern hemisphere latitudes. While many teachers are aware of the importance of reinforcing sun-safety messages to students, many may not be aware of the considerable personal exposure risk while performing outdoor duties in locations experiencing high to extreme ambient-UVR year-round. Personal erythemally-effective exposure of classroom teachers in tropical Townsville (19.3o S) was measured to establish seasonal extremes in exposure behavior. Mean daily personal exposure was higher in winter (91.2 J m-2, 0.91 Standard Erythema Dose (SED)) than summer (63.3 J m-2, 0.63 SED). The range of exposures represent personal exposures that approximate current national guidelines for Australian workers at the study latitude of approximately 1.2 SED (30 J m-2 effective to the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection). Similar proportions of teachers spent more than 1 hour outdoors per day in winter (28.6%) and summer (23.6%) as part of their teaching duties with seasonal differences having little effect on the time of exposure. Personal exposures for teachers peaked during both seasons near school meal-break times at 11:00 am and 1:00 pm respectively.
关键词： Teachers,Occupation,Ultraviolet,Dosimetry,Skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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An Update on Topical Photodynamic Therapy for Clinical Dermatologists
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the application of a topical photosensitizer, irradiation with light, and oxygen to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species that selectively destroy damaged cells while leaving normal skin intact. Topical PDT is a commonly used treatment for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) due to its excellent clearance rate and cosmetic outcomes. However, PDT is emerging as an off-label treatment modality for many dermatological conditions. A literature review using MEDLINE was performed to identify randomized controlled trials conducted for currently approved and off-label clinical indications and photosensitizers for PDT between 2012 and 2018. The photosensitizer indole-3 acetic acid reduces the incubation time (<30 minutes), avoids the need for photoprotection after irradiation, and inflicts minimal pain. Cyclic PDT in individuals with evidence of field cancerization delays the mean time of actinic keratosis appearance and reduces the total number of new actinic keratoses. Substantial evidence exists outlining the utility of PDT in photorejuvenation due to its ability to improve skin texture, wrinkles, and firmness. The addition of microdermabrasion, microneedling, curettage, or various lasers improves clinical efficacy and cosmetic outcomes. PDT applications are expanding rapidly. Clinicians must stay up to date regarding the efficacy and safety of PDT applications.
关键词： non-melanoma skin cancer,daylight PDT,dermatology,PDT,actinic keratosis,photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Regression Analysis of Protoporphyrin IX Measurements Obtained During Dermatological Photodynamic Therapy
摘要： Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light activated drug therapy that can be used to treat a number of dermatological cancers and precancers. Improvement of efficacy is required to widen its application. Clinical protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence data were obtained using a pre-validated, non-invasive imaging system during routine methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)-PDT treatment of 172 patients with licensed dermatological indications (37.2% actinic keratosis, 27.3% superficial basal cell carcinoma and 35.5% Bowen’s disease). Linear and logistic regressions were employed to model any relationships between variables that may have affected PpIX accumulation and/or PpIX photobleaching during irradiation and thus clinical outcome at three months. Patient age was found to be associated with lower PpIX accumulation/photobleaching, however only a reduction in PpIX photobleaching appeared to consistently adversely affect treatment efficacy. Clinical clearance was reduced in lesions located on the limbs, hands and feet with lower PpIX accumulation and subsequent photobleaching adversely affecting the outcome achieved. If air cooling pain relief was employed during light irradiation, PpIX photobleaching was lower and this resulted in an approximate three-fold reduction in the likelihood of achieving clinical clearance. PpIX photobleaching during the first treatment was concluded to be an excellent predictor of clinical outcome across all lesion types.
关键词： photobleaching,aminolevulinic acid (ALA; Ameluz),dermatology,protoporphyrin IX (PpIX),imaging,methyl aminolevulinate (MAL; Metvix),photodynamic therapy (PDT),fluorescence,non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Introduction to reflectance confocal microscopy and its use in clinical practice
摘要： Re?ectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel technology that provides noninvasive, in vivo imaging of the skin at nearly histologic resolution. In 2016, the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) established reimbursement codes for RCM image acquisition and for the reading and interpretation of images. The combination of RCM imaging with dermoscopy has improved the accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis while reducing the number of biopsies of benign skin lesions. With that, we are starting to see more dermatologists and dermatopathologists using RCM in clinical practice. This editorial is to serve as an introduction on RCM imaging with a focus on its usefulness in both the diagnosis and management of skin cancers. We end by brie?y describing the characteristic RCM features of normal skin to serve as a building block for later cases that will explore both the bene?ts and drawbacks of incorporating RCM imaging for benign and malignant lesions.
关键词： innovative technology,noninvasive imaging,skin cancer,melanoma,re?ectance confocal microscopy,lentigo maligna,nonmelanoma skin cancer
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Identification of Master Regulator Genes of UV Response and Their Implications for Skin Carcinogenesis
摘要： Solar UV radiation is a major environmental risk factor for skin cancer. Despite decades of robust and meritorious investigation, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying UV-induced skin carcinogenesis remain incomplete. We previously performed comprehensive transcriptomic profiling in human keratinocytes following exposure to different UV radiation conditions to generate UV-specific gene expression signatures. In this study, we utilized VIPER, a robust systems biology tool, on UV-specific skin cell gene signatures to identify master regulators (MRs) of UV-induced transcriptomic changes. We identified multiple prominent candidate UV MRs, including forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13, and DNA isomerase II alpha, which play important roles in cell cycle regulation and genome stability. MR protein activity was either activated or suppressed by UV in normal keratinocytes. Intriguingly, many of the UV-suppressed MRs were activated in human skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), highlighting their importance in skin cancer development. We further demonstrated that selective inhibition of FOXM1, whose activity was elevated in SCC cells, was detrimental to SCC cell survival. Taken together, our study uncovered novel UV master regulators that can be explored as new therapeutic targets for future skin cancer treatment.
关键词： Keratinocyte,UV signature,skin cancer,master regulator
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A regimen to minimize pain during blue light photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses: Bilaterally controlled, randomized trial of simultaneous versus conventional illumination
摘要： Background: Blue light photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective for actinic keratosis (AK), but many patients experience stinging pain during illumination. Objective: Compare a conventional regimen (1 h ALA preincubation, followed by blue light), to a new modified regimen in which blue light is started immediately after ALA application. Methods: A clinical trial with a bilaterally controlled, intrapatient study design was conducted in 23 patients. Topical 20% ALA was applied to the entire face and/or scalp. On one side of the body, blue light was started immediately and continued for either 30, 45, or 60 min (“simultaneous PDT”). On the contralateral side, blue light began 1 h after ALA application and lasted 1000 sec (“conventional PDT”). Pain was evaluated on a 0-10 scale. AK lesion counts were determined by clinical exam and photography. Results: All patients experienced significantly less pain during simultaneous illumination than during the conventional regimen. At 3 months post-treatment, lesion clearance was nearly identical on the two sides, as determined by statistical testing of non-inferiority ± 15% margin. Limitations: Although bilaterally controlled, the study was relatively small. Additional studies are recommended. Conclusion: The modified PDT regimen is essentially painless, yet provides treatment efficacy similar to a conventional regimen.
关键词： skin cancer,phototherapy,therapeutics,oncology,clinical research
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Water-based Terahertz Metamaterial for Skin Cancer Detection Application
摘要： We present a highly sensitive detection of skin cancer using a novel water-based (THz) metamaterial (MM) used semiconductor film. We apply the application of terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) in reflection geometry for the study of skin tissue and related cancers. As a refractive index (RI) sensing application of the proposed device, there will be shown with placing different sensing materials in the biosensor design, the effective RI will also change that in turn leads to measuring the sensitivity of the biosensor to detect the normal skin and Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC). The RI FOM value of the proposed device is much higher than for the sensor using semiconductor film, to detect biomarkers in the literature. Significantly, the sensitivity increases by about 117 um/RIU and the RI FOM increases by more than 20.53. This results from a combination of size-related factors, leading to field enhancement accompanying strong field localization. We observed the resonance-frequency shift of the THz MM following the RI changing of the detected skin. The dip reflectance resonance has a blue-shift for normal skin. Finally, we suggest that this water-based MM can be used to control of the gene expression. The advantage of our design depends on two factors. Firstly, we used the MM structure, which has micro-scale, and the smaller the size of the structure, the more sensitive to the changes in the RI. Secondly, we used water in our structure, which is very well-suited to the human body and are highly bio-absorbable and inexpensive which is abundantly found in nature.
关键词： bio-absorbable metamaterials,Skin Cancer detection,THz Metamaterials,Semiconductor Biosensor,Refractive Index Sensor,control of the gene expression
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36