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Acceptance criteria for accelerated aging testing of silvered-glass mirrors for concentrated solar power technologies
摘要： Solar reflectors for Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) technologies are required to maintain their optical properties in demanding environments for more than 20 years of service-life. The durability of the commonly used silvered-glass reflectors is typically qualified by means of accelerated aging. Recently, the Spanish standardization committee UNE has published the first specific standard for this topic, which defines a set of accelerated aging tests for CSP reflectors. However, the standard does not contain pass/fail criteria. This paper proposes useful acceptance criteria for the accelerated tests defined by UNE, helping to interpret the obtained degradation results. The criteria have been determined by analyzing the collected accelerated aging data over the past 5 years in the OPAC laboratory, a joint research group of DLR and CIEMAT. Data from six different 4 mm silvered-glass manufacturers is presented, covering nearly the entire market of commercially available silvered-glass mirrors, and going way beyond the recommended testing times of the UNE standard. The data may be used to benchmark initial reflective properties (before aging) and the performance during accelerated durability testing. In addition, recommendations for improvements of the standard are given and an estimate of the acceleration factor of the Copper Accelerate Salt Spray (CASS) test with respect to a highly corrosive outdoor environment is presented.
关键词： Durability,Accelerated aging testing,Reflectance,Acceptance criteria,Solar reflector,Concentrated solar power
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Analysis of optical and thermal factors’ effects on the transient performance of parabolic trough solar collectors
摘要： Solar resources are inherently unsteady and their energy density on the earth is low. Thereby, when the solar energy is converted into thermal energy through concentrating the sunlight, how to predict the transient performance of parabolic trough solar collectors under the operating conditions is necessary for the steady useful output and the efficient use of the energy. So this paper describes a mathematical model of the transient thermal behaviors of parabolic trough solar collectors. Then, to validate this transient model, its numerical results are compared with the experimental data. These data were collected from a utility-scale loop of parabolic trough solar collectors. The comparison between the model predictions and the experimental data shows a consistent and reasonable agreement. Furthermore, the primary interest of this study is to determine how the temperature distributions of the absorber, the glass envelope and the heat transfer fluid evolve from initial conditions with specified optical and thermal parameters. Thus, this model is used to carry out parametric studies to make analyses of essential impact factors on transient behaviors of parabolic trough solar collectors. These factors include the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the inlet, the initial conditions, and the optical efficiency. Moreover, this model has the function of continuous adjustment of the flow rate to satisfy the requirement of the temperature of the heat transfer fluid at the outlet according to varying boundary conditions. Hence, another analysis is performed to investigate transient processes when the flow rate is continuously adjusted at various DNI ramp rates.
关键词： Concentrating solar power,Transient model,Parabolic trough solar collector,Solar heating and cooling
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Effects of Metal Dopings on CuCr <sub/>2</sub> O <sub/>4</sub> Pigment for Use in Concentrated Solar Power Solar Selective Coatings
摘要： The process of fabricating the solar absorbing spinel-structured CuCr2O4 black oxide pigment doped with different metals (Mn, Ni, Co, Al, Zn, and Sn) was discovered to improve the solar selective property. Manganese stands out as an ideal dopant to Copper Chromite (CuCr2O4) for highly solar absorptive pigments compared to the other metal dopings. XRD analysis confirmed that various molar ratio of CuCr(2-x)MnxO4 spinel black oxides were successfully fabricated. Mn-doped black oxide has the highest absorptivity (the lowest band gap value of 1.35 eV) among other metal doping black oxides produced by the hydrothermal synthesis. Manganese is the only dopant that suppresses reflectance peaks exhibited by the copper chromium oxide at 1 μm and 1.5 μm in the light spectrum, raising the solar absorptivity of the pigment. Different manganese doping compositions are introduced to CuCr(2-x)MnxO4 where x = 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.75, and 1.9. The high selective solar absorptivity appears after 100% (x=1) manganese doping with solar absorbance 0.9874 and a Figure of Merit (FOM) value of 0.9284.
关键词： Concentrated Solar Power,Solar selective coating,Solar-absorbing pigment,Black paint,Spinel black oxide.
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Sky camera geometric calibration using solar observations
摘要： A camera model and associated automated calibration procedure for stationary daytime sky imaging cameras is presented. The specific modeling and calibration needs are motivated by remotely deployed cameras used to forecast solar power production where cameras point skyward and use 180° fisheye lenses. Sun position in the sky and on the image plane provides a simple and automated approach to calibration; special equipment or calibration patterns are not required. Sun position in the sky is modeled using a solar position algorithm (requiring latitude, longitude, altitude and time as inputs). Sun position on the image plane is detected using a simple image processing algorithm. The performance evaluation focuses on the calibration of a camera employing a fisheye lens with an equisolid angle projection, but the camera model is general enough to treat most fixed focal length, central, dioptric camera systems with a photo objective lens. Calibration errors scale with the noise level of the sun position measurement in the image plane, but the calibration is robust across a large range of noise in the sun position. Calibration performance on clear days ranged from 0.94 to 1.24 pixels root mean square error.
关键词： fisheye lens,geometric calibration,camera model,sky camera,solar observations,solar power forecasting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Waikoloa Village, HI, USA (2018.6.10-2018.6.15)] 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Commercial Test of Anti-Reflective Coating on First Solar Cadmium Telluride PV Modules
摘要： Anti-reflective coatings (ARC) are commonly applied to photovoltaic (PV) modules in the solar industry to increase power and energy output. In addition to characterization of initial module power and angle of incidence modifier (IAM), it is important to verify that the expected gain is observed in commercial system operation. This analysis shows the increased performance of ARC First Solar CdTe PV modules compared to non-ARC equivalent modules in a commercial test in New South Wales, Australia. PPI analysis indicates a sustained ARC performance gain over time, suggesting good ARC durability. Detailed actual-expected analysis shows both array types performing at or above expected levels after almost 2 years in the field. ARC arrays show slightly greater benefit than predicted compared to non-ARC arrays.
关键词： CdTe thin film photovoltaics,solar power generation,performance analysis,photovoltaic systems,PV anti-reflective coatings,solar energy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Adaptive Solar Power Forecasting based on Machine Learning Methods
摘要： Due to the existence of predicting errors in the power systems, such as solar power, wind power and load demand, the economic performance of power systems can be weakened accordingly. In this paper, we propose an adaptive solar power forecasting (ASPF) method for precise solar power forecasting, which captures the characteristics of forecasting errors and revises the predictions accordingly by combining data clustering, variable selection, and neural network. The proposed ASPF is thus quite general, and does not require any specific original forecasting method. We first propose the framework of ASPF, featuring the data identification and data updating. We then present the applied improved k-means clustering, the least angular regression algorithm, and BPNN, followed by the realization of ASPF, which is shown to improve as more data collected. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed ASPF based on the trace-driven data.
关键词： machine learning,k-means,BPNN,adaptive solar power forecasting,LARS
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Comparative Study on Solar Powered Interleaved Boost Converter
摘要： Solar energy is an important source of renewable energy. But, it is unpleasant that, only partial amount of energy can be extracted from the Solar cells by our conventional DC-DC Boost converters. A comparative study on solar powered Interleaving Boost converters (ILBCs) is initiated. A novel Solar powered, Series-Inductor ILBC with less current ripple than the conventional ILBC is proposed. A comparative study on single- stage, two-stage and three-stage ILBCs are done. The comparison of ripple reduction of output voltage is tried with ‘C’, ‘Pi’ and Cascade Filters. The results have been applied to R-Load and motor load. The input of 150V is fed to the ILBC from the solar cell and compared for the ripple. The proposed solar powered series inductor ILBC has reduced ripple than the conventional ILBCs. Comparison table of performance and simulation results of these aforementioned solar powered ILBCs have been exhibited in this paper.
关键词： Interleaving,Boost Converter,Solar Power,Comparison Study
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Assessment of concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies based on a modified intuitionistic fuzzy topsis and trigonometric entropy weights
摘要： Concentrated solar power (CSP) technology has shown considerable long-term growth with varying levels of peak development and stall phases over the years. More and more countries are finding CSP technology attractive for the production of electricity and other applications. CSP offers a variety of applications where solar power can be used appropriately, although the debate about which CSP technology has a better future perspective is still ongoing. This technology sector has seen a multitude of advancements and technological innovations. These improvements are primarily concerned with the design of the collectors and the related materials they are made from, the heat transfer processes, and the production and accumulation of energy. In order to assess these CSP technologies, in this paper we propose a fuzzy multi-criteria method. Then, Solar tower (ST), Parabolic solar trough (PST), Compact linear Fresnel reflector (CLFR), and Dish Stirling (DS) are evaluated using a modified intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS with a trigonometric entropy vector weight.
关键词： Sustainability,Concentrated solar power (CSP),Trigonometric entropy,Technological assessment,Intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Paris, France (2018.10.14-2018.10.17)] 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) - Biomass Free Piston Stirling Engine Generator with PV
摘要： Proposed hybrid electric power generation system is constituted from Free Piston Stirling engine generator and solar photovoltaic system. Free Piston Stirling engine electric generator uses biomass, such as wood pellets as the heat source. This system produces maximum output of 1.6kW and 45°C 200L hot water with linear generator. This paper studied the control of output voltage of Free Piston Stirling Engine. ILQ (Inverse Linear Quadratic) control theory is used to keep output active power between 400W and 500W. In long range time constant of burning system and in short range time constant of electrical circuit, experiment yields temperature of FPSEG head between upper limit and lower limit.
关键词： hybrid system,Free Piston Stirling Engine,biomass,solar power,ILQ control
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 2nd Colombian Conference on Robotics and Automation (CCRA) - Barranquilla, Colombia (2018.11.1-2018.11.3)] 2018 IEEE 2nd Colombian Conference on Robotics and Automation (CCRA) - Modeling and Simulation of a Grid-Tied 21.0 kWp Real Solar Power Plant as Case Study, Using the VHDL-AMS Language
摘要： This paper presents the utilization of hardware description language VHDL-AMS (Very High-Speed Integrated Circuit plus Hardware Description Language that includes analog and mixed-signal extensions) for modeling and simulation a grid-tied 21.0 kWp real solar power plant, admitted as case study. The case study used in this research consists of a photovoltaic power system with the following features: 1) It has 90 panels of 255 Wp and 3 SMA On Grid inverters, 2) It operates without batteries, and 3) It has a dynamic power controller, called Circuitor (CDP-0), to guarantee zero injection into the grid. The main contribution of this work is modeling and simulation of a grid-tied real solar power plant, using the VHDL-AMS language (with the support of software SystemVision?), in order to develop a simulating tool capable to find the real electrical energy generation in a photovoltaic system, considering the monthly averaged direct normal radiation and the solar panel characteristics. This paper aims to present the first major developments for the future construction of a bigger VHDL-AMS tool that will allow the simulation of photovoltaic power systems, operating in a synergic way with hydroelectric power plants previously built, with the aim of optimize the coordinated operation between hydropower and solar energy, for periods of rain and hydrological drought.
关键词： Solar Power Plant,Hardware description languages,VHDL-AMS Language,Photovoltaic systems
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52