- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Energy Management and Coordinated Control Strategy of PV/HESS AC Microgrid during Islanded Operation
摘要： An energy management control strategy is proposed for an islanded AC microgrid with the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) including the battery and the supercapacitor (SC). According to the state of charge(SOC) of the battery, the photovoltaic (PV) system can work in either maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode or load power tracking (LPT) mode to prevent the battery from over charging. Similarly, the load shedding control (LSC) is adopted to prevent the battery from over discharging. A virtual impedance control strategy is proposed to achieve effective power sharing in hybrid energy storage systems, where battery provides steady state power and SC only supports transient power fluctuations. The terminal voltage of SC can be restored to the initial value automatically by introducing a high pass filter in the voltage control loop. The AC bus voltage maintains constant using the voltage secondary controller to compensate the voltage droop caused by the virtual impedance control strategy. Simulation results under typical working conditions verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
关键词： hybrid energy storage system (HESS),energy management,state of charge (SOC),Coordinated control,voltage restoration,islanded operation,virtual impedance
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE SoutheastCon 2018 - St. Petersburg, FL (2018.4.19-2018.4.22)] SoutheastCon 2018 - Evaluation of Reference Generation Algorithms for Dispatching Solar PV Power
摘要： This paper aims to develop a low-cost energy storage system by evaluating reference generation algorithms for dispatching solar power for 1 MW photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Based on battery state of charge (SOC), rule-based algorithms are developed to adjust the grid reference power for each one-hour dispatching period. In this paper, several rule-based algorithms are used to control the SOC of the battery that plays a significant role to design cost-effective energy storage system. The price comparison is made between two kinds of energy storage system (i) Battery only (ii) Battery+ Supercapacitor (SC), where a low pass filter is used to allocate power between battery and SC. The most economical energy storage system is developed through extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results show that the hybrid energy storage system (HESS), combination of battery and SC, outperforms a battery-only operation.
关键词： intermittent solar energy,high power density,depth of discharge (DOD),state of charge (SOC),high energy density,hourly dispatching
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE SoutheastCon 2018 - St. Petersburg, FL, USA (2018.4.19-2018.4.22)] SoutheastCon 2018 - Evaluation of Reference Generation Algorithms for Dispatching Solar PV Power
摘要： This paper aims to develop a low-cost energy storage system by evaluating reference generation algorithms for dispatching solar power for 1 MW photovoltaic (PV) arrays. Based on battery state of charge (SOC), rule-based algorithms are developed to adjust the grid reference power for each one-hour dispatching period. In this paper, several rule-based algorithms are used to control the SOC of the battery that plays a significant role to design cost-effective energy storage system. The price comparison is made between two kinds of energy storage system (i) Battery only (ii) Battery+ Supercapacitor (SC), where a low pass filter is used to allocate power between battery and SC. The most economical energy storage system is developed through extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results show that the hybrid energy storage system (HESS), combination of battery and SC, outperforms a battery-only operation.
关键词： intermittent solar energy,high power density,depth of discharge (DOD),state of charge (SOC),high energy density,hourly dispatching
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Graphite lithiation and capacity fade monitoring of lithium ion batteries using optical fibers
摘要： Increasing the e?ciency and safety of battery management systems may require internal monitoring of lithium ion batteries. In this work, we present an analysis of the interaction between ?ber-optic evanescent wave sensors (FOEWS) and graphite particles within a lithium ion battery over multiple cycles. Through slow charging and long rest periods, the FOEWS signal has shown sensitivity to lithium concentration at the surface of graphite particles by demonstrating a response to the slow di?usion of lithium ions within graphite particles during rest periods (i.e. relaxation of the electrode). The slope of the FOEWS signal during a full charge is found to exhibit three distinct peaks that occur within lithiated graphite's stage transitions zones IV, III and II. Deviation from the observed three peak trend correlates with signi?cant battery capacity fade and thus indicate the sensors ability to detect capacity fade in real-time. During experiments, signi?cant deviations in the slope during charging occurred at about ~5% SOC and minor disturbances to the slope were observed at ~80% SOC, which supports limiting the depth of charge and discharge to avoid accelerated capacity fade. These results deepen our understanding of the FOEWS's interaction with lithium ion batteries and supports the development of algorithms that optimize the control and monitoring of graphite lithiation with the aim of achieving safer operation as well as maximizing capacity and battery life.
关键词： Optical ?ber sensor,Lithium ion battery,State of charge,Graphite,Capacity fade,Signal analysis
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Novel Charging and Discharging Algorithm of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Vehicle-to-Grid and Photovoltaic Generation
摘要： Considering, the high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), the charging and discharging of PHEVs may lead to technical problems on electricity distribution networks. Therefore, the management of PHEV charging and discharging needs to be addressed to coordinate the time of PHEVs so as to be charged or discharged. This paper presents a management control method called the charging and discharging control algorithm (CDCA) to determine when and which of the PHEVs can be activated to consume power from the grid or supply power back to grid through the vehicle-to-grid technology. The proposed control algorithm considers fast charging scenario and photovoltaic generation during peak load to mitigate the impact of the vehicles. One of the important parameters considered in the CDCA is the PHEV battery state of charge (SOC). To predict the PHEV battery SOC, a particle swarm optimization-based artificial neural network is developed. Results show that the proposed CDCA gives better performance as compared to the uncoordinated charging method of vehicles in terms of maintaining the bus voltage profile during fast charging.
关键词： state of charge,artificial neural network,particle swarm optimization,plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,charging and discharging control algorithm
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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New Techniques for Sizing Solar Photovoltaic Panels for Environment Monitoring Sensor Nodes
摘要： The development of perpetually powered sensor networks for environment monitoring to avoid periodic battery replacement and to ensure the network never goes offline due to power is one of the primary goals in sensor network design. In many environment-monitoring applications, the sensor network is internet-connected, making the energy budget high because data must be transmitted regularly to a server through an uplink device. Determining the optimal solar panel size that will deliver sufficient energy to the sensor network in a given period is therefore of primary importance. The traditional technique of sizing solar photovoltaic (PV) panels is based on balancing the solar panel power rating and expected hours of radiation in a given area with the load wattage and hours of use. However, factors like the azimuth and tilt angles of alignment, operating temperature, dust accumulation, intermittent sunshine and seasonal effects influencing the duration of maximum radiation in a day all reduce the expected power output and cause this technique to greatly underestimate the required solar panel size. The majority of these factors are outside the scope of human control and must be therefore be budgeted for using an error factor. Determining of the magnitude of the error factor to use is crucial to prevent not only undersizing the panel, but also to prevent oversizing which will increase the cost of operationalizing the sensor network. But modeling error factors when there are many parameters to consider is not trivial. Equally importantly, the concept of microclimate may cause any two nodes of similar specifications to have very different power performance when located in the same climatological zone. There is then a need to change the solar panel sizing philosophy for these systems. This paper proposed the use of actual observed solar radiation and battery state of charge data in a realistic WSN-based automatic weather station in an outdoor uncontrolled environment. We then develop two mathematical models that can be used to determine the required minimum solar PV wattage that will ensure that the battery stays above a given threshold given the weather patterns of the area. The predicted and observed battery state of charge values have correlations of 0.844 and 0.935 and exhibit Root Mean Square Errors of 9.2% and 1.7% for the discrete calculus model and the transfer function estimation (TFE) model respectively. The results show that the models perform very well in state of charge prediction and subsequent determination of ideal solar panel rating for sensor networks used in environment monitoring applications.
关键词： battery state of charge,environment monitoring,solar radiation,discrete calculus model,transfer function estimation,solar photovoltaic panels,sensor nodes
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Coimbatore, India (2018.3.1-2018.3.3)] 2018 International Conference on Current Trends towards Converging Technologies (ICCTCT) - Analysis and Comparison of Charging Time between Battery and Supercapacitor for 300W Stand-Alone PV System
摘要： Among the available energy sources the energy through photovoltaic impact can be viewed as the most fundamental and sustainable resource as a result of the all over, sufficient and sustainability of solar radiant energy. Stand-alone solar photovoltaic system consists of storage device which stores the electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, and transforms this system electricity. Battery due to its low cost and ease of availability becomes one of the most conventional method of energy storage in all other standalone solar systems. Power generation from the solar photovoltaic system is an efficient energy storage business. Among the best energy storage device Super capacitor has a special place. It consist of unique properties that can praise other energy storage technologies. For factors like less charging time and rapid charging Super capacitors performs better than a conventional battery. It also have a better performance characteristics with improved system efficiency, high power density and discharging capability. The examination and comparison of batteries and super capacitor charging time for solar insolation at constant and time varying state is clearly clarified in this paper. It also explains the output voltage and current through load. Matlab/Simulink environment is used to simulate this 300W dynamic model of stand-alone solar PV system.
关键词： State of Charge,Supercapacitor,Rechargeable Battery,Stand-alone PV system,Charge controller
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Estimation of state of charge of lithium-ion battery based on photovoltaic generation energy storage system
摘要： The fast and accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion battery is one of the key technologies of battery management system. In view of this nonlinear dynamic system of lithium battery, through the test and analysis of lithium-ion battery hysteresis characteristics, the second-order RC hysteresis model is established, and the cubature Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the battery state of charge in this report. The experiment results show that the battery model can essentially predict the dynamic hysteresis voltage behavior of the lithium-ion battery and cubature Kalman Filtering algorithm can maintain high accuracy in the estimation process.
关键词： cubature Kalman filter,Lithium-ion battery,state of charge,hysteresis model
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Electrochromic effect of indium tin oxide in lithium iron phosphate battery cathodes for state of charge determination
摘要： In this paper, we discuss the origin of an optical effect in lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cathodes, which depends on the electrical charge transferred into the battery. Utilizing indium tin oxide (ITO) as an electrode additive, we were able to observe a change in reflectivity of the cathode during charging and discharging with lithiation and delithiation being clearly visible in the form of lithiation fronts. Further investigations using in situ video microscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy on test cells with an optical window indicates that ITO additionally acts as an electrochromic marker within the LFP cathode. This enhances the optical effect due to local potentials around the lithiation fronts, which enables the voltage-dependent reflectivity of the ITO to be visible in the LFP cathode. Structural analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray crystallography (XRD) are presented as well. The observed effect allows for novel battery research methods and for a possible commercial application as a sensor for state of charge (SOC) estimation similar to the optical fiber approach reported by Ghannoum et al. for a graphite anode.
关键词： lithium ion batteries,battery state determination,lithium iron phosphate,raman spectroscopy,indium tin oxide,electrochromic marker,video microscopy,state of charge
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Real-Time Study of the Disequilibrium Transfer in Vanadium Flow Batteries at Different States of Charge via Refractive Index Detection
摘要： Studying the disequilibrium transfer of the electrolyte in vanadium redox ?ow batteries is essential for the application of the batteries. Due to the lack of proper detection techniques, the real-time study of the disequilibrium transfer is di?cult. In this paper, a real-time refractive index detector with high resolution is developed to study the material transfer in the positive electrolyte at di?erent states of charge. It is found that the rapid imbalance of the electrolyte occurs at the initial state of battery operation, and the disequilibrium transfer rate of materials in the electrolyte accelerates with an increase of the state of charge. During the charge/discharge process, the disequilibrium transfers of vanadium and sulfate show di?erent behaviors. This real-time refractive index detector is bene?cial for studying the electrochemical process of vanadium ?ow batteries and helpful to the optimization of the operational parameter.
关键词： vanadium redox ?ow batteries,electrochemical process,refractive index detection,state of charge,disequilibrium transfer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14