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Edge mode graphene plasmons based all-optical logic gates
摘要： Graphene plasmonic logic gates (GPLGs) with high compaction and simple structure are presented and investigated in this paper. Due to the strong confinement of edge mode graphene surface plasmon polaritons (EGSPPs), it can process optical signal on nanoscale ribbons with both straight and flexible shapes. Three eigen modes of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (GSPPs) are studied from the aspect of their propagation properties, indicating that the symmetric edge-mode (SEM) is an optimal choice for designing the GPLGs. Finally, some basic logic gates, i.e., the XOR and XNOR gates, are demonstrated by employing the SEM. More kind of GPLGs and functional devices are expected to be realized by cascading these basic logic gates.
关键词： Logic-based optical processing,Surface plasmons,All-optical devices,Planar,Waveguides
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ultrawideband Low-Profile and Miniaturized Spoof Plasmonic Vivaldi Antenna for Base Station
摘要： Stable radiation pattern, high gain, and miniaturization are necessary for the ultra-wideband antennas in the 2G/3G/4G/5G base station applications. Here, an ultrawideband and miniaturized spoof plasmonic antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) is proposed, which is composed of the AVA and the loaded periodic grooves. The designed operating frequency band is from 1.8 GHz to 6 GHz, and the average gain is 7.24 dBi. Furthermore, the measured results show that the radiation patterns of the plasmonic AVA are stable. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results.
关键词： miniaturized,vivaldi antenna,ultrawideband,high gain,surface plasmons
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Comparative Analysis of the Sensitivity of Optical Sensors Based on Surface Waves Excited in the Kretschmann Scheme
摘要： Based on the theory of reflection of a limited light beam from a plane-layered structure, a surface plasmonic wave excited on the free surface of a gold film and, for comparison, a surface wave in a planar surface waveguide, both excited in the Kretschmann scheme, have been examined. The sensitivities of optical sensors based on these surface waves are compared. Various methods are proposed for increasing the sensitivity of sensors based on a surface waveguide. The required fabrication accuracy of film thicknesses to obtain workable sensors is estimated.
关键词： integrated optics,surface plasmons,surface waves,optical sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Colors with plasmonic nanostructures: A full-spectrum review
摘要： Since ancient times, plasmonic structural coloring has inspired humanity; glassmakers achieved vibrant colors by doping glass with metal nanoparticles to craft beautiful objects such as the Roman Lycurgus cup and stained glass. These lovely color ?ltering effects are a consequence of the resonant coupling of light and free electrons in metal nanoparticles, known as surface plasmons. Thanks to the continuing improvement of nanofabrication technology, the dimensions of nanoparticles and structures can now be precisely engineered to form “optical nanoantennas,” allowing for control of optical response at an unprecedented level. Recently, the ?eld of plasmonic structural coloring has seen extensive growth. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of various plasmonic color ?ltering approaches and highlight their uses in a broad palette of applications. Various surface plasmon resonance modes employed in the plasmonic color ?ltering effect are discussed. We ?rst review the development of the pioneering static plasmonic colors achieved with invariant optical nanoantennas and ambient environment, then we address a variety of emerging approaches that enable dynamic color tuning, erasing, and restoring. These dynamic color ?lters are capable of actively changing the ?ltered colors and carrying more color information states than the static systems. Thus, they open an avenue to high-density data storage, information encryption, and plasmonic information processing. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in this exciting research area.
关键词： information encryption,surface plasmons,dynamic color tuning,plasmonic information processing,plasmonic structural coloring,optical nanoantennas,high-density data storage
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A criterion of the vertical spacing between fluorescent molecules in a waveguide structure
摘要： We demonstrate a method to discriminate the vertical spacing of ?uorescent molecules in a guided mode structure. A function that depends only on depth and wavelength is constructed to detect the axial position of a pair of ?uorescent molecules, which is especially suitable for the measurement of microstructure gaps and is not a?ected by the di?raction limit. Since directional ?uorescence radiation information can be collected from the back focal plane in a leakage radiation microscope, we can utilize the appropriate emission angles and corresponding waveguide modes. The relative position of the ?uorescent molecules is calculated by analyzing the intensity ratio between modes emission, so as to determine the vertical distance between the molecules.
关键词： Leakage radiation microscopy,Guided wave coupling emission,Molecular spacing,Surface plasmons
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Largea??Scale Plasmonic Hybrid Framework with Builta??In Nanohole Array as Multifunctional Optical Sensing Platforms
摘要： Light coupling with patterned subwavelength hole arrays induces enhanced transmission supported by the strong surface plasmon mode. In this work, a nanostructured plasmonic framework with vertically built-in nanohole arrays at deep-subwavelength scale (6 nm) is demonstrated using a two-step fabrication method. The nanohole arrays are formed first by the growth of a high-quality two-phase (i.e., Au–TiN) vertically aligned nanocomposite template, followed by selective wet-etching of the metal (Au). Such a plasmonic nanohole film owns high epitaxial quality with large surface coverage and the structure can be tailored as either fully etched or half-way etched nanoholes via careful control of the etching process. The chemically inert and plasmonic TiN plays a role in maintaining sharp hole boundary and preventing lattice distortion. Optical properties such as enhanced transmittance and anisotropic dielectric function in the visible regime are demonstrated. Numerical simulation suggests an extended surface plasmon mode and strong field enhancement at the hole edges. Two demonstrations, including the enhanced and modulated photoluminescence by surface coupling with 2D perovskite nanoplates and the refractive index sensing by infiltrating immersion liquids, suggest the great potential of such plasmonic nanohole array for reusable surface plasmon-enhanced sensing applications.
关键词： modulated photoluminescence (PL),refractive index (RI) sensing,titanium nitride (TiN),surface plasmons (SPs),plasmonic nanoholes (NHs)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Collectively induced exceptional points of quantum emitters coupled to nanoparticle surface plasmons
摘要： Exceptional points, resulting from non-Hermitian degeneracies, have the potential to enhance the capabilities of quantum sensing. Thus, finding exceptional points in different quantum systems is vital for developing such future sensing devices. Taking advantage of the enhanced light-matter interactions in a confined volume on a metal nanoparticle surface, here we theoretically demonstrate the existence of exceptional points in a system consisting of quantum emitters coupled to a metal nanoparticle of subwavelength scale. By using an analytical quantum electrodynamics approach, exceptional points are manifested as a result of a strong-coupling effect and observable in a drastic splitting of originally coalescent eigenenergies. Furthermore, we show that exceptional points can also occur when a number of quantum emitters are collectively coupled to the dipole mode of localized surface plasmons. Such a quantum collective effect not only relaxes the strong-coupling requirement for an individual emitter, but also results in a more stable generation of the exceptional points. Furthermore, we point out that the exceptional points can be explicitly revealed in the power spectra. A generalized signal-to-noise ratio, accounting for both the frequency splitting in the power spectrum and the system’s dissipation, shows clearly that a collection of quantum emitters coupled to a nanoparticle provides a better performance of detecting exceptional points, compared to that of a single quantum emitter.
关键词： strong-coupling effect,metal nanoparticle,power spectra,quantum emitters,quantum sensing,signal-to-noise ratio,surface plasmons,Exceptional points
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Hybrid of graphene surface plasmons and surface magneto-plasmons in a waveguide
摘要： The terahertz frequency has potential applications in various devices, and surface plasmons open up a number of promising applications. With the motivation of studying the possibility of hybridization of different surface plasmons, we proposed a waveguide structure with magneto-optical and dielectric layers with an air spacer layer in which a sheet of graphene is inserted between the dielectric and air gap. It is found that at terahertz frequencies, surface magneto-plamons at the interface of air and magneto-optical material can interact with graphene surface plasmons which leads to the new type of hybrid plasmons. The coupling can be either tuned by external magnetic field, waveguide width, and the Fermi energy of graphene sheet. Our results show that at given values of waveguide parameters, huge enhancement of fields take place at a specific frequency. These findings open up new window to designing new plasmonic devices with desirable properties.
关键词： surface magneto-plasmons,graphene surface plasmons,waveguide
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Selective Angular Momentum Generator Based on a Graphene Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide
摘要： Manipulation of the angular momentum (AM) of photons are of great importance in many fields such as optical communications, holographic, particle manipulation. Although there are many demonstrations focusing on dynamic manipulation of AM in free space, the active tuning of AM in nanophotonic waveguides is mainly exclusive, especially in the Terahertz regime. Here we proposed a selected AM generation scheme based on graphene hybrid waveguide, which can convert a quasi-linear mode into a quasi-circular mode with dynamic tuning manner. Also, we show that the proposed waveguide structure can serve as a distinguisher between left- and right-handed quasi-circular modes. These results allow for the dynamic control of AM of light in nanophotonic waveguides, which are crucial for various devices with compact footprint, such as on-chip bio-sensing and integrated quantum information processing.
关键词： hybrid waveguide,graphene surface plasmons,birefringence effect,Angular momentum
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Plasmon Induced Transparency in Graphene-based Side Coupled two Rectangular Nano-cavities-like structures
摘要： We investigate numerically the plasmon analogue of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) in a compact graphene-based waveguide coupled to two rectangular nano-cavities-like structures made out of graphene nanoribbons. The cavities are placed symmetrically on each side of the bus waveguide, giving rise to a V-like state in analogy with three level atomic systems. In this configuration, the cavities are directly coupled to the waveguide, and consequently both play the role of the bright mode. By slightly detuning the Fermi energy level of the cavities, we show the possibility of generating a narrow transparency window, that’s, the plasmon induced transparency (PIT). The resonance peak occurs as a consequence of destructive interference between the cavities acting like coupled radiative oscillators. We also demonstrate that by appropriately shifting (symmetrically) the Fermi energy levels of the cavities, one could dynamically tune the resonance peak frequency. The proposed structure may help the design of highly integrated optical devices.
关键词： Nanomaterials,Plasmon induced transparency,Graphene waveguide,Metamaterials,Surface plasmons
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59