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Sonochemical syntheses of iron doped zinc oxide nanoparticles at different sonication powers and temperatures with their application for photocatalytic degradation of PVC-ZnO composite film
摘要： Doping with iron enhances various properties of zinc oxide making it suitable for several applications. Sonochemical route is an easy way for synthesis of doped ZnO nanoparticles. Input-powers of ultrasound and synthesis–temperature have significant influences over the characteristics of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles. Effects of the varying sonication powers and synthesis temperatures on the average grain size, band gap and magnetic properties of doped ZnO were studied using UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron micrography (FESEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and SQUID-magnetometer. Both temperature and sonication power influenced the characteristics. The nanoparticles were then used for casting composite films with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and photodegradation of the film was examined under sunlight. Performances of nanoparticles synthesised at different conditions were compared. Maximum degradation of about 12% was obtained within three hours with nanoparticles synthesised at 42 W power and 30°C temperature.
关键词： sonication-power,temperature,Fe-doped zinc oxide,nanoparticles,photocatalyst,degradation,ultrasound,PVC-nanocomposite,bandgap,magnetization,characterisation
更新于2025-09-05 23:13:11
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Unusual Light-Tunable Thermoresponsive Behavior of OEGylated Homopolypeptide with Azobenzene and Thioether Spacers
摘要： OEGylated homopolypeptide (i.e., P(Azo-S-OEG7)) bearing azobenzene, thioether spacers, and oligo(ethylene glycol) OEG tails were prepared via a copper-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. P(Azo-S-OEG7) showed an upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type thermo-, light-, and oxidation-responsive in ethanol/water solvent mixtures. The UCST-type cloud point temperature (Tcp) decreased after UV irradiation and it increased after visible light irradiation due to the trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene moieties. P(Azo-S-OEG7) can be readily oxidized in the presence of H2O2, yielding P(Azo-SOX-OEG7) with sulfone or sulfoxide spacers. P(Azo-SOX-OEG7) showed an increase of UCST-type Tcp after UV irradiation and the Tcp decreased after visible light irradiation, which is an opposite trend to the UCST-type phase behavior of P(Azo-S-OEG7) as well as previous report. P(Azo-S-OEG7) showed poor water-solubility, yet it underwent H2O2 induced solution phase transition yielding P(Azo-SOX-OEG7) with lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase behavior in water. The P(Azo-SOX-OEG7) aqueous solutions showed a decrease of LCST-type Tcp after UV irradiation and consequently Tcp decreased after visible light irradiation.
关键词： upper critical solution temperature,oxidation-responsive polymer,light-responsive polymer,polypeptide,lower critical solution temperature
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Semiconducting polymer blends that exhibit stable charge transport at high temperatures
摘要： Although high-temperature operation (i.e., beyond 150°C) is of great interest for many electronics applications, achieving stable carrier mobilities for organic semiconductors at elevated temperatures is fundamentally challenging. We report a general strategy to make thermally stable high-temperature semiconducting polymer blends, composed of interpenetrating semicrystalline conjugated polymers and high glass-transition temperature insulating matrices. When properly engineered, such polymer blends display a temperature-insensitive charge transport behavior with hole mobility exceeding 2.0 cm2/V·s across a wide temperature range from room temperature up to 220°C in thin-film transistors.
关键词： semiconducting polymer blends,charge transport,thermal stability,high-temperature operation,organic semiconductors
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Effect of Bad Connection on Surface Temperature of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Using Infrared Thermography
摘要： The temperature distribution of lithium-ion batteries in the electric vehicle is very important for the electric vehicle performance. Heat is produced during lithium-ion batteries operation while being charged and discharged. The battery can in worst case go into thermal runaway if the heat cannot be dissipated rapidly. This experimental investigation analysis the thermal behaviour of a 13Ah pouch type lithium-ion battery through characterisation and determination of the evolution of surface temperature distribution and profiles when there is a bad connection in the positive tab. Infrared thermography and contact thermocouples were employed for a commercial cell thermal analysis. Different types of load profiles were applied to the battery cell. The loads consisted of constant current charge and discharge cycles with currents magnitude of 13A, 26A, 39A and 52A.It was concluded that bad connection increased the non-uniformity of surface temperature and risk of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.
关键词： bad connection,infrared thermography,thermal runaway,surface temperature,lithium-ion batteries
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - Madrid, Spain (2018.9.23-2018.9.27)] 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) - Liquid Crystal Based SPDT with Adjustable Power Splitting Ratio in LTCC Technology
摘要： This paper presents design and characterisation of a new liquid crystal (LC) based single-pole double-throw (SPDT) with continuously adjustable power splitting ratio in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. It is designed for a centre frequency of 30 GHz, the fully embedded LC phase including a key component, shifter in stripline topology. The SPDT shows a good matching with |S11| = ?10 dB over a bandwidth of 18 %. It exhibits an insertion loss of 9 dB to 11 dB and an isolation between 22 dB to 32 dB. The continuous tuneability not only allows the selection of each preferred power splitting ratio at the output ports, but also a tuning of the centre frequency. The high insertion loss arises from a certain surface roughness as well as a decreased conductivity of the gold metallisation used.
关键词： single-pole double-throw (SPDT),low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC),Liquid crystal
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Simplified expressions for calculating Debye temperature and melting point of II-VI and III-V semiconductors
摘要： Simple empirical expressions between the Debye temperature and the bond length and also between the melting point and the bond length have been proposed. These formulas have been established for two groups of ANB8-N type binary semiconductors (groups: II-VI and III-V). A good correlation between the Debye temperature and the bond length and also between the melting point and the bond length is obtained. The minimum average percentage deviations in the present approach reveal that our model proves its identity and soundness compared to those of other author relations.
关键词： Melting Point,AII-BVI and AIII-BV Binary Compounds,Debye Temperature,Bond Length
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The OH<sup>*</sup>(3&ndash;1) layer emission altitude cannot be determined unambiguously from temperature comparison with lidars
摘要： I investigate the nightly mean emission height and width of the OH?(3–1) layer by comparing nightly mean temperatures measured by the ground–based spectrometer GRIPS9 and the Nalidar at ALOMAR. The dataset contains 42 coincident measurements between November 2010 and February 2014, when GRIPS9 was in operation at the ALOMAR observatory (69.3?N, 16.0?E) in northern Norway. To closely resemble the mean temperature measured by GRIPS9, I weighted each nightly mean temperature profile measured by the lidar using Gaussian distributions with 40 different centre altitudes and 40 different full widths at half maximum. In principle, one can thus determine the altitude and width of the OH?(3–1) layer by finding the minimum temperature difference between the two instruments. On most nights, several combinations of centre altitude and width yield a temperature difference of ±2 K. The generally assumed altitude of 87 km and width of 8 km is never an unambiguous, good solution for any of the measurements. Even for a fixed width of ～8.4 km, one can sometimes find several centre altitudes that yield equally good temperature agreement. Weighted temperatures measured by lidar are not suitable to determine unambiguously the emission height and width of an OH? layer. If the OH?(3–1) rotational temperature is used as a proxy for the temperature at an altitude of 87 km with a width of 8.4 km, this proxy is representative to within ±16 K.
关键词： emission altitude,OH?(3–1) layer,Nalidar,ALOMAR,lidar,GRIPS9,temperature comparison
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Modeling and Experimental Analysis on the Temperature Response of AlN-Film Based SAWRs
摘要： The temperature responses of aluminum nitride (AlN) based surface acoustic wave resonator (SAWR) are modeled and tested. The modeling of the electrical performance is based on a modified equivalent circuit model introduced in this work. For SAWR consisting of piezoelectric film and semiconducting substrate, parasitic parameters from the substrate is taken into consideration for the modeling. By utilizing the modified model, the high temperature electrical performance of the AlN/Si and AlN/6H-SiC based SAWRs can be predicted, indicating that a substrate with a wider band gap will lead to a more stable high temperature behavior, which is further confirmed experimentally by high temperature testing from 300 K to 725 K with SAWRs having a wavelength of 12 μm. Temperature responses of SAWR’s center frequency are also calculated and tested, with experimental temperature coefficient factors (TCF) of center frequency being ′29 ppm/K and ′26 ppm/K for the AlN/Si and AlN/6H-SiC based SAWRs, which are close to the predicted values.
关键词： equivalent circuit modeling,aluminum nitride,surface acoustic resonators,high temperature response
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Thermo‐sensitive nanogel‐laden bicontinuous microemulsion drug‐eluting contact lenses
摘要： The bicontinuous microemulsion contact lens (BMCL) has nanoporous biphasic structures (100–250 nm) that are interconnected via multiple nano-channels, providing suitable retention of various drugs for glaucoma. Timolol maleate (TM)-carried poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogel (30–50 nm) was incorporated into BMCLs by soaking or by centrifuging plus soaking. Here, we present drug-loading and release in silicon- or polyethylene oxide-microemulsion BMCLs under various conditions. Nanoporous BMCLs containing thermosensitive TM-laden nanogel were capable of potent body-temperature-triggered release of TM. Daily drug release was controllable according to the initial volume of drug-loaded (VDL) and loading method for sustained drug release, making them reduce drug-loss during transportation or storage.
关键词： temperature-triggered drug release,sustained drug release,bicontinuous microemulsion,drug delivery,nanoporous contact lens,drug-eluting contact lens
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Impact of black silicon on light- and elevated temperature-induced degradation in industrial passivated emitter and rear cells
摘要： Light and elevated‐temperature induced degradation (LeTID) is currently a severe issue in passivated emitter and rear cells (PERC). In this work, we study the impact of surface texture, especially a black silicon (b‐Si) nanostructure, on LeTID in industrial p‐type mc‐Si PERC. Our results show that during standard LeTID conditions the b‐Si cells with atomic‐layer‐deposited aluminum oxide (AlOx) front surface passivation show no degradation despite the presence of a hydrogen‐rich AlOx/SiNx passivation stack on the rear. Furthermore, b‐Si solar cells passivated with silicon nitride (SiNx) on the front lose only 1.5%rel of their initial power conversion efficiency, while the acidic‐textured equivalents degrade by nearly 4%rel under the same conditions. Correspondingly, clear degradation is visible in the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the acidic‐textured cells, especially in the ~850 to 1100‐nm wavelength range confirming that the degradation occurs in the bulk, while the IQE remains nearly unaffected in the b‐Si cells. The observations are supported by spatially resolved photoluminescence (PL) maps, which show a clear contrast in the degradation behavior of b‐Si and acidic‐textured cells, especially in the case of SiNx front surface passivation. The PL maps also suggest that the magnitude of LeTID scales with surface area of the texture, rather than wafer thickness that was recently reported, although the b‐Si cells are slightly thinner (140 vs 165 μm). The results indicate that b‐Si has a positive impact on LeTID, and hence, benefits provided by b‐Si are not limited only to the excellent optical properties, as commonly understood.
关键词： passivated emitter and rear cells,multicrystalline silicon,light‐induced degradation,black silicon,solar cells,light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14