- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
-
Near-infrared upconversion–activated CRISPR-Cas9 system: A remote-controlled gene editing platform
摘要： As an RNA-guided nuclease, CRISPR-Cas9 offers facile and promising solutions to mediate genome modification with respect to versatility and high precision. However, spatiotemporal manipulation of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery remains a daunting challenge for robust effectuation of gene editing both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) light–responsive nanocarrier of CRISPR-Cas9 for cancer therapeutics based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The UCNPs served as “nanotransducers” that can convert NIR light (980 nm) into local ultraviolet light for the cleavage of photosensitive molecules, thereby resulting in on-demand release of CRISPR-Cas9. In addition, by preparing a single guide RNA targeting a tumor gene (polo-like kinase-1), our strategies have successfully inhibited the proliferation of tumor cell via NIR light–activated gene editing both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this exogenously controlled method presents enormous potential for targeted gene editing in deep tissues and treatment of a myriad of diseases.
关键词： cancer therapeutics,upconversion nanoparticles,gene editing,CRISPR-Cas9,near-infrared
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
-
FR - Utilidad del láser de colorante pulsado en el lupus eritematoso cutáneo
摘要： El lupus eritematoso cutáneo (LEC) es una enfermedad autoinmune heterogénea con manifestaciones clínicas muy variables, desde lesiones cutáneas aisladas hasta una afectación sistémica grave. Existen, por tanto, diferentes subtipos con características clínicas, histológicas y analíticas bien definidas, siendo constante en todos ellos la afectación cutánea1. Atendiendo a la guía de tratamiento del LEC elaborada por el European Dermatology Forum en 2017 llama la atención que el tratamiento con láser de lesiones activas del LEC estaría desaconsejado. En dicho manuscrito se especifica que este podría ser usado como un tratamiento complementario solo en caso de ser administrado por un dermatólogo acreditado y en lesiones muy seleccionadas (telangiectasias)2. Esta recomendación contrasta de forma notable con lo descrito en la literatura hasta el momento. Desde que en 1986 Henderson et al. aplicaran con éxito láser CO2 a una paciente con lupus eritematoso discoide desfigurante, han sido múltiples los autores que han publicado casos tratados de forma satisfactoria con estos dispositivos3. Este láser junto con el láser argón mejoraban las lesiones cutáneas de los pacientes a expensas de efectos secundarios indeseados4. En contraposición, el láser de colorante pulsado (LCP), el más utilizado para el tratamiento del LEC, ha demostrado unos excelentes resultados (mejorías entre el 60-88%) con mínimos efectos secundarios (dolor, alteraciones de la pigmentación). Este láser permite tratar no solo las telangiectasias que exhiben estos pacientes, sino también el componente eritemato-edematoso con mejoría clínica, histológica y de la sintomatología asociada. Ha sido empleado con éxito en pacientes con lupus eritematoso crónico (discoide, tumidus) y subagudo, ofreciendo buenos resultados tanto en lesiones recalcitrantes que no responden a tratamientos tópicos y sistémicos, como en lesiones agudas, minimizando el riesgo de cicatrices secundarias5. Otras fuentes de luz como el láser Nd:YAG y la luz pulsada intensa han demostrado de forma puntual ser útiles en esta enfermedad, no obstante la evidencia aun es escasa. La seguridad del tratamiento con LCP en pacientes con lupus ha sido un tema ampliamente debatido. Este láser, con longitud de onda de 595 nm, se encuentra fuera del espectro ultravioleta de radiación, el cual es responsable de la fotosensibilidad de los pacientes con lupus. Además, el riesgo de inducir nuevas lesiones por un efecto Koebner no ha sido constatado hasta el momento. El mecanismo por el cual el LCP resulta efectivo no está del todo claro. La hipótesis que formulan la mayoría de autores se basa en una destrucción selectiva de la microvasculatura de las lesiones del LEC, lo cual ocasionaría una reducción del ambiente inflamatorio y la consecuente mejoría clínica e histológica6. En ocasiones los pacientes con LEC reciben altas dosis de fármacos inmunosupresores (tópicos y sistémicos) con respuestas poco satisfactorias y efectos secundarios nada desde?ables. Resulta importante que los dermatólogos conozcamos esta alternativa terapéutica pese a no estar estandarizada en las guías clínicas o algoritmos, dado su potencial y bajo perfil de efectos secundarios. De igual modo serían necesarios futuros estudios sobre la utilidad del LCP en el LEC, con el objetivo de poder ofrecer este tratamiento con un grado de recomendación apropiado.
关键词： Cutaneous lupus erythematosus,Discoid lupus,Subacute lupus,Therapeutics,Tumidus lupus,Pulsed dye laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
-
[IEEE 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) - Salt Lake City, UT, USA (2018.6.18-2018.6.23)] 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Crafting a Toolchain for Image Restoration by Deep Reinforcement Learning
摘要： Background: Malignant insulinoma is extremely rare and accounts for only 10% of total insulinoma cases. The goal of this study is to retrospectively analyze clinical data from 15 patients with malignant insulinoma treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from 1984 to April 2017. Methods: “Malignant insulinoma” was used as the keywords in the PUMCH medical record retrieval system to search and obtain patients’ clinical information. We identified subjects diagnosed with malignant insulinoma based on clinical or surgical pathological signs and subsequently analyzed their clinical data. Results: Eight males and seven females with a median age at diagnosis of 40 years (38–54 years) were included. Eight patients (53%) had developed metastases at diagnosis, while the others (46.67%) developed metastases during the follow-up visits. The major sites of metastasis were the liver (86.7%), local tissues and blood vessels (33%) and abdominal lymph nodes (13%). All patients displayed neuroglycopenic (100%) and/or autonomic (60%) symptoms, mostly during fasting periods (73.3%), with an average blood glucose level of 1.66 ± 0.51 mmol/L. A total of 93% of the patients had one primary pancreatic lesion, 53% had a lesion in the head of the pancreas, and 47% had a lesion in the tail of the pancreas, with diameters ranging between 0.9 and 6.0 cm. Most liver metastases were multiple lesions. Selective celiac arteriography yielded 100% sensitivity for both primary pancreatic lesions and liver metastases. Most patients received synthetical treatments, including surgery, chemoembolization, and octreotide. Conclusions: Malignant insulinomas have a similar diagnostic process to that of benign insulinomas but require far more comprehensive therapies to alleviate hypoglycemic symptoms and extend patients’ survival.
关键词： Hypoglycemia,Hyperinsulinism,Malignant insulinoma,Metastasis,Therapeutics,Diagnosis
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
-
Radiology, Lasers, Nanoparticles and Prosthetics || 14. Nanoparticles for nanomedical applications
摘要： Nanomedicine is a multidisciplinary science and technology field that has emerged over the past 10–20 years. It involves medical physics, materials sciences, biochemistry, biomedicine, pharmaceutics, polymer sciences, clinical sciences, and possibly further fields. Nanomedicine is commonly defined as “The medical application of nanotechnology for diagnosis, treatment and the general management of human health”. As such, nanomedicine promises more sensitive diagnostics and more precise treatment of certain diseases, in particular of cancer.
关键词： Nanomedicine,Theranostic nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Therapeutics,Diagnostics
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
-
Chemical Nanoplasmonics: Emerging Interdisciplinary Research Field at Crossroads between Nanoscale Chemistry and Plasmonics
摘要： Plasmonics research deals with understanding and manipulating the interaction between light and matter at a scale that is significantly smaller than the wavelength of light (e.g., metal nanoparticles). Such an interaction can be correlated with various forms of energy and signals such as thermal energy and optical spectra. Research efforts in plasmonics range from rationally designing and precisely synthesizing nanostructures that allow for unraveling and reliably tuning novel and useful plasmonic properties (e.g., surface-enhanced spectroscopies and photothermal effects) to ultimately obtaining and utilizing plasmonic functionalities for applications, for example, in the biomedical field. With enormous potential and versatility in terms of plasmonic materials and devices, the principles of plasmonics are expected to provide new or improved solutions to many important challenges in various subfields of chemistry, including nanoparticle chemistry, catalytic reactions, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, photovoltaics, sensing, biochemistry, and therapeutics. Additionally, many hurdles and issues related to the advances and applications of plasmonics can be addressed by material- or property-based chemistry at the nanoscale (i.e., nanochemistry), while chemical principles and methods can offer new research directions in plasmonics. Nanochemistry allows scientists to develop exquisitely accurate methods for the synthesis of nanostructures with high precision and provides tools for functionalizing and analyzing complex plasmonic nanostructures (e.g., heterostructured-nanoparticles). Therefore, recent advancements in nanochemistry with plasmonic materials have made a great impact on the proper use and real applications of plasmonics, and plasmonics offers in turn new pathways and tools for chemical processes. The field of chemical nanoplasmonics includes the study of nanoscale chemistry for the advancement of plasmonics and the use of plasmonics to address key issues and challenges in chemistry. Newly emerging principles, methods, and materials in plasmonics can be useful in various fields of chemistry, including optical and chemical hot spots, typically based on strong electromagnetic fields formed within plasmonic nanostructures, as well as single-molecule and 3D SERS with plasmonic hot-spot platforms. Plasmonic multimers (e.g., gold nanoparticle dimers), plasmonic supercrystals, plasmonic nanoparticle lattices, gold nanobipyramids, virus-sized gold nanorods, spherical nucleic acids, plasmonic metamaterials, and chiral plasmonic structures are some of the key nanostructures for materials chemistry-based plasmonics. Hot charge carriers and plasmon-driven catalysis have been identified as important directions for many subfields of chemistry including physical chemistry, materials chemistry, and catalysis. Further, newly emerging platforms such as plasmonic nanoparticle-interfaced cell membranes, DNA origami-based plasmonics, and graphene-based nonlinear plasmonics have emerged as next-generation platforms that can provide new ways of forming functional materials and devices, including optical and computing devices.
关键词： photovoltaics,plasmonics,nanochemistry,biochemistry,nanoplasmonics,sensing,surface-enhanced Raman scattering,therapeutics
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
A regimen to minimize pain during blue light photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses: Bilaterally controlled, randomized trial of simultaneous versus conventional illumination
摘要： Background: Blue light photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective for actinic keratosis (AK), but many patients experience stinging pain during illumination. Objective: Compare a conventional regimen (1 h ALA preincubation, followed by blue light), to a new modified regimen in which blue light is started immediately after ALA application. Methods: A clinical trial with a bilaterally controlled, intrapatient study design was conducted in 23 patients. Topical 20% ALA was applied to the entire face and/or scalp. On one side of the body, blue light was started immediately and continued for either 30, 45, or 60 min (“simultaneous PDT”). On the contralateral side, blue light began 1 h after ALA application and lasted 1000 sec (“conventional PDT”). Pain was evaluated on a 0-10 scale. AK lesion counts were determined by clinical exam and photography. Results: All patients experienced significantly less pain during simultaneous illumination than during the conventional regimen. At 3 months post-treatment, lesion clearance was nearly identical on the two sides, as determined by statistical testing of non-inferiority ± 15% margin. Limitations: Although bilaterally controlled, the study was relatively small. Additional studies are recommended. Conclusion: The modified PDT regimen is essentially painless, yet provides treatment efficacy similar to a conventional regimen.
关键词： skin cancer,phototherapy,therapeutics,oncology,clinical research
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Interfaced Lipid Bilayer Membranes
摘要： Plasmonic nanoparticles are widely exploited in diverse bioapplications ranging from therapeutics to biosensing and biocomputing because of their strong and tunable light?matter interactions, facile and versatile chemical/biological ligand modifications, and biocompatibility. With the rapid growth of nanobiotechnology, understanding dynamic interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems at the molecular or single-particle level is becoming increasingly important for interrogating biological systems with functional nanostructures and for developing nanoparticle-based biosensors and therapeutic agents. Therefore, significant efforts have been devoted to precisely design and create nano?bio interfaces by manipulating the nanoparticles’ size, shape, and surface ligand interactions with complex biological systems to maximize their performance and avoid unwanted responses, such as their agglomeration and cytotoxicity. However, investigating physicochemical interactions at the nano?bio interfaces in a quantitative and controllable manner remains challenging, as the interfaces involve highly complex networks between nanoparticles, biomolecules, and cells across multiple scales, each with a myriad of different chemical and biological interactions.
关键词： Plasmonic nanoparticles,lipid bilayer membranes,therapeutics,biocomputing,nano?bio interfaces,biosensing
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
-
Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Predictive Modeling of Brain Tumor Laser Ablation
摘要： Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest and most common primary brain cancer in adults. Brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs) are a heterogeneous subset of stem-like, invasive cells that play a critical role in treatment failure and recurrence. Here, we propose a system to functionally characterize patient-derived BTICs to identify features that will guide assessment of therapeutics in a BTIC subpopulation-specific manner. We established and evaluated 5 BTIC populations based on (1) proliferation, (2) stemness, (3) migration, (4) tumorigenesis, (5) clinical characteristics, and (6) therapeutic sensitivity. Overall, in Vitro growth trends reflected in Vivo growth rates. However, a significant difference was found between tumor growth in male versus female mice in 3 BTIC lines (QNS108 P = .0011; QNS120 P < .0001; QNS 140 P < .0001). Differences in survival were observed, where BTICs derived from male and female patients produced faster morbidity in mice of the opposite sex (male derived QNS108 male vs female P = .0039; female derived QNS203 male vs female P = .029). QNS203, which was isolated from a tumor in contact with the anterior subventricular zone, decreased survival at a faster rate compared to other cell lines (n = 10 per line, 5 males/5 females, P < .0001). Stem-like properties of BTICs were assessed via differentiation marker expression, sphere-forming capacity, and detection of canonical marker CD133. Higher CD133 expression correlated with faster in Vitro doubling time and greater tumor burden. Histology reflected similar patient tumor features such as migration across the corpus callosum and cystic formation. BTICs revealed varying responses to therapies (TMZ, Radiation, TRAIL, BMP4) and varied competence to retroviral transduction. By studying the functional features of BTICs within our model of GBM heterogeneity, it was shown that several factors influenced tumorigenesis and survival. These included original tumor location, stemness, variation in therapeutic sensitivity, and a critical finding for the role of sex, an unexplored area for creating next-generation, sex-specific, and BTIC-specific therapeutics.
关键词： Brain tumor-initiating cells,Glioblastoma,Sex-specific therapeutics,BTICs,Therapeutic sensitivity
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
-
Detection and Treatment Systems based on Optics and Photonics in New Age Healthcare Management
摘要： The world is becoming smaller in the means of communication and information but we are yet short to make basic medical needs deliverable universally. There have been many breakthroughs and advancements in the field of medical and healthcare but they fall scant in stature, in terms of taking care of major healthcare problems across the globe. If we look closely, major healthcare problems can be classified as primary and secondary. Accurate diagnosis, treatment and therapies for severe diseases and disorders which are prolonged threat to life form the primary healthcare problems. Secondary health care problems include conditions like trauma, or accidents, or mishaps in daily life. The latter healthcare conditions demand for quick and immediate medical attention for stabilizing the victims and then initiate recovery. Human population is advancing in terms of medical technologies with respect to diagnostic and treatment modalities to tackle serious healthcare issues, but most of the latest medical technologies are available in established centres which are formed by a high economic investment. The high cost makes the technology unavailable to a majority of the population residing in developing countries. In cases of road trauma several factors need to be considered within a small time frame to provide immediate medical supervision, also medical procedures to be provided simultaneously in no time. The loss in time in such cases eventually leads to loss of life or loss of functionality of organs. Excessive losses of blood or internal injuries are most common but are involved with most time consumption for proper attention and diagnosis leading to irreversible lethality to important organs like brain, heart, liver or kidneys. Thus researchers are continuously developing diagnostic and therapeutic systems which are affordable in resource poor settings. Optical technologies provide most suitable approach for deployment in resource poor settings. Optical technologies are continuously evolving and advancing our healthcare systems. Proper utilization and conditioning of light spectrum and exploring optical properties of novel materials have shown promising results for development of medical techniques. Modification, assembly and combination of optical equipment’s can be easily integrated to form dedicated instruments for health anomalies. As a requirement to increase deliverability, solutions need to rely on new components which travel and transfer information faster. Use of light for above purpose can solve all the above mentioned perils and also provide non-invasive and harmless method of diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic and scanning techniques like PET, X-ray, CT etc. have already employed optical techniques for in vivo imaging and surgery. Endoscopic examination of GIT involves use of light and camera inserted using a flexible tube and a colour TV monitor is the basic example of use of optics for imaging and visualization of disease manifestations [1]. On the other hand, lasers are part of helpful optical instruments in the medical sector from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) to sutures and vessels sealing from time to time [2,3] In case of DVT by ‘Laser Thrombolysis’ (Use of laser pulses to remove the clots) using different sets of lasers and intensity, timings are used to disintegrate the clot without making unnecessary incisions [2-4]. Lasers are also deployed in sensitive surgical procedures for vision impairment owing to its precision, reach, and less invasive properties. Apart from proven aesthetic uses like tattoo and pigmentation removal, optical instruments are also to be utilized in the field of non-invasive patient monitoring systems as optical pulse and oxygen saturation analyser for uninterrupted patient recovery and observation. Various skin diseases are being tested by scope of optical scanning including skin cancer, chronic pain using ‘photo-dynamic therapy’ [2,3]. The scope of optical techniques in diagnostic and therapeutic usage has been described in the adjoining (Figure 1). The use of optics is not restricted to one property or one field but it appears as vast as its extension in spectrum thus the same source and property of light can also be used in other objectives with few changes, establishing its integration compactly and low energy tool developments. These prospects are greatest and most desirable cues for using optical technology in almost every field where portability and ambulatory utilization is very high in demand. Recently, a healthcare company ‘THERANOS’ developed 140 types of testing and analysis with a single drop of blood and has been well received in scientific community [5]. The product signifies the precision, reaching ability, less invasive nature and adaptability to different needs of the system. Similarly, optical characteristic profiling gives strong hope for testing other soft or hard tissue like bone and density and bodily samples as well on the basis of signal processing internally or by sampling them out in very fewer quantities than the existing procedures. In another application of pulse oximetry red and infra-red light is utilized to get the absorbance of dissolved gasses and saturation level of biological carriers like haemoglobin. Continuous monitoring systems like pulse oximetry capable to detect pulse rates, O2 and CO2 gasses saturation level can be deployed [1-2,6-12]. Infrared thermometers or pulse laser thermometers or temperature guns working on the principle of capturing and measuring infrared emittance of a heated body by focusing it to a particular spot; which is not only applicable in medical field but serves very vast field of applications and industrial areas. Lasers and optics make another robust base for telemedicine and remote analysis prospective in healthcare field with appropriate placements and counter check with other indicative and suggestive parameters. Telemedicine and remote analysis can provide a huge possibility for screening by non-invasive method and remote execution. Development of analytic tools in movement and body structure related disorders with added benefit of being non-invasive as in GAIT and posture analysis [2-7]. Different types of lasers are being combined for the therapies like CO2 lasers are used to make incisions in tissues with low vascularity (mostly used in neurosurgery for precision), while on the other hand with Nd-YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) lasers are applicable in high vascular areas and tumour shrinkage, or surgical removal without leaving scars owing to energy dependent concentration where tumours can be thermally destroyed by concentrating the laser beam. This strategy also prevents undue toxicity to normal cells in comparison to other chemotherapeutic methods [2]. It also allows separation of tumours from vital structures minimizing low risk to surrounding tissues in the removal of tumours with surgeries. Use of monochromatic light absorption property different levels of tissues within internal layers can be operated with success [3,4]. Another example is maintenance of secretory activity of small glands glands can be maintained by using a catheter to remove over-secretory regions by flashing laser pulses. Above mentioned properties surely give an upper hand to practitioners and surgeons for performing highly complex procedures in critical areas like brain where collateral damage can lead to severe implications. Needless to mention that these procedures save a lot of time, effort, risk of collateral damage to surrounding tissues, and manage blood loss in comparison to normal surgical procedure subsequently leading to early and sound recovery without any scar formation or associated complications. Conditions associated with brain are most susceptible and irreversible to collateral damage owing to non-repairable nature of brain structures. Cerebral hypoxia associated with trauma cases due to low blood pressure or clot formation and subsequent fall in essential nutrition is one such process which is not completely understood by researchers and physicians. The neurons are dependent for supplies on the blood flow to the brain and other parts of nervous system, and these constant supplies are utilized in the energy production to carry out different duties, most primarily conduction of impulses via interneuron junctions called synapse in a vast interconnected complex network lying all across the brain tissue. Whenever brain is exposed to resource scanty conditions the important physiological responses are hampered as brain doesn’t have any kind of storage facility for energy produced. The brain does not have pain receptors or physical warning signs for indicating ongoing damage which ultimately leads to brain tissue death [1,2-15]. Cerebral hypoxia causes a partial/complete loss of functionality of brain tissues due to degeneration [12-18]. The most alarming part is that the function of that part cannot be restored by any present therapeutic manner as brain tissue doesn’t inhabit the power of regeneration, surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments are also less effective due to complexity of the organ and the presence of blood brain barrier. Invasive procedures for brain trauma treatment are associated with vulnerabilities to damage of other parts of brain. In response to detrimental conditions, at times the brain activates and alters different control mechanisms of normal physiological factors and bodily conditions under its command; towards the values, which are of opposite effect on present danger in order to nullify its further negative effect on neural tissue. The Brain raises cerebral blood pressure and breathing rates by neural control centre to fulfil elevated demand of oxygen or nutrient. Along with these parameters neural activity at brain also increases several folds to prepare and release more counter measures for present dangerous situation, as biochemical messengers responsible to initiate vascularisation and elevate blood pressure at cellular level by constricting blood vessels, are released in bloodstream returning from cerebral region to increase blood vessels [11,14,15-17]. We believe that research in mapping of cerebral hypoxia can be a new prospective area of research to be dealt using optical methodologies. It is also interesting to see the enthusiasm of national and international organizations who are supporting this initiative by financial and resources aid. It will be astonishing if in near future we can develop a whole automated setup based on optical and electrical components capable to capture whole body scans at once without any human intervention especially in remote and resource poor healthcare settings [3,5,19].
关键词： Optical technologies,Diagnostics,Healthcare,Telemedicine,Remote analysis,Therapeutics,Photonics,Lasers,Non-invasive methods,Optics
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
-
Near <scp>IR</scp> Photochemistry for Biology: Exploiting the Optical Window of Tissue
摘要： Photoactive molecules enable much of modern biology and biochemistry – a vast library of fluorescent chromophores is used to track and label cellular structures and macromolecules. However, photochemistry is better-known to the synthetic or physical organic chemist as a “light switch” that turns on unusual excited-state reactivity, isomerization, or dynamic adjustment of structure. This review details a rapidly growing approach to bio-photochemistry that uses low-energy near-IR wavelengths not only for imaging, but for close spatial control over chemical switching events in biosystems. Emphasis is placed on topics of biomedical interest: release of gaseous biological messengers, uncaging of drugs, nano-therapeutics, and modification of biomaterials.
关键词： drug uncaging,bio-photochemistry,nano-therapeutics,biomaterials modification,optical window of tissue,biomedical applications,gasotransmitters,Near IR photochemistry
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46