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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Waikoloa Village, HI (2018.6.10-2018.6.15)] 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC) - Improving the performance of thermophotovoltaics using stabilized porous media combustion
摘要： A novel cylindrical porous media combustion-based thermophotovoltaic is proposed and experimentally studied. A mixture of methane-air is burnt at an equivalence ratio of 0.7 in a packed bed made of two layers of different alumina balls which are coated with ytterbia (Yb2O3) and erbia (Er2O3) for spectral control with gallium antimonide (GaSb) photovoltaic (PV) cells. A radiant reflector is used to increase the electrical output and the radiant efficiency. The experiments revealed it was possible to achieve a superadiabatic temperature of 1538 °C and a high radiant efficiency, 63%. Overall, this systematic analysis for lean Air/CH4 mixtures represents a new direction for TPV technology.
关键词： porous media combustion,selective coatings,Thermophotovoltaics
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Metamaterial emitter for thermophotovoltaics stable up to 1400?°C
摘要： High temperature stable selective emitters can significantly increase efficiency and radiative power in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems. However, optical properties of structured emitters reported so far degrade at temperatures approaching 1200 °C due to various degradation mechanisms. We have realized a 1D structured emitter based on a sputtered W-HfO2 layered metamaterial and demonstrated desired band edge spectral properties at 1400 °C. To the best of our knowledge the temperature of 1400 °C is the highest reported for a structured emitter, so far. The spatial confinement and absence of edges stabilizes the W-HfO2 multilayer system to temperatures unprecedented for other nanoscaled W-structures. Only when this confinement is broken W starts to show the well-known self-diffusion behavior transforming to spherical shaped W-islands. We further show that the oxidation of W by atmospheric oxygen could be prevented by reducing the vacuum pressure below 10?5 mbar. When oxidation is mitigated we observe that the 20 nm spatially confined W films survive temperatures up to 1400 °C. The demonstrated thermal stability is limited by grain growth in HfO2, which leads to a rupture of the W-layers, thus, to a degradation of the multilayer system at 1450 °C.
关键词： W-HfO2 layered structure,selective emitters,metamaterial emitter,high temperature stability,thermophotovoltaics
更新于2025-10-22 19:40:53
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Machine learning-optimized Tamm emitter for high-performance thermophotovoltaic system with detailed balance analysis
摘要： Light-matter interaction upon nanophotonic structures in the infrared wavelength has drew increasing attentions due to the extensive potential applications. Among them, thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems can exhibit higher efficiency over the Shockley-Queisser limit due to the nanophotonic structure-enabled tunable narrowband thermal emission rather than the broadband incident spectrum. However, two long-standing issues remain formidable as bottlenecks for achieving better performances of TPV system. One is the competing role of the power density and the system efficiency of TPV system, and the other is the magnanimity possibilities of structures, configurations, dimensions, and materials of thermal emitters that disables the manual optimization of TPV system. Here, we attempt to achieve high-performance TPV system by employing the machine learning algorithm under the framework of material informatics. The power density and system efficiency are well modelled through the detailed balance analysis with full considering the photocurrent generation in the PV cells. Through optimization, the non-trial aperiodic Tamm emitters are obtained and the metal-side one is preferable in terms of the TPV performance. The present work is demonstrated to be feasible and efficient in optimizing the TPV performance, and opens a new door for the optimization problems in other fields.
关键词： Machine learning,Material informatics,Tamm emitter,Optimization,Thermophotovoltaics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Design of Thermophotovoltaic Cells for Optimal System Efficiency, Accounting for Photon Reuse from Front and Back Contacts
摘要： We develop a model showing how reflection from both the front and back contacts of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells affects the system efficiency. From this foundation we determine the design rules for front grids for TPV cells, and assess the consequences of those rules on cell design and system performance. We show that these design rules are different and more complex than the corresponding design rules for solar photovoltaic (PV) cells, and can lead to substantially different grid design and system performance than if the simpler solar PV design rules were used.
关键词： efficiency,grid reflectance,III-V,thermophotovoltaics,back surface reflectance
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Indium antimonide photovoltaic cells for near-field thermophotovoltaics
摘要： Indium antimonide photovoltaic cells are specifically designed and fabricated for use in a near-field thermophotovoltaic device demonstrator. The optimum conditions for growing the p-n junction stack of the cell by means of solid-source molecular beam epitaxy are investigated. Then processing of circular micron-sized mesa structures, including passivation of the side walls, is described. The resulting photovoltaic cells, cooled down to around 77 K in order to operate optimally, exhibit excellent performances in the dark and under far-field illumination by thermal sources in the [600–1000] °C temperature range. A short-circuit current beyond 10 μA, open-circuit voltage reaching almost 85 mV, fill factor of 0.64 and electrical power at the maximum power point larger than 0.5 μW are measured for the cell with the largest mesa diameter under the highest illumination. These results demonstrate that these photovoltaic cells will be suitable for measuring a near-field enhancement of the generated electrical power.
关键词： MBE,Passivation,Thermophotovoltaics,InSb
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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High-Efficiency Thermophotovoltaic System That Employs an Emitter Based on a Silicon Rod-Type Photonic Crystal
摘要： Thermophotovoltaic systems in principle enable utilization of heat that is usually regarded as wasted energy. However, the wavelength selectivity of the thermal emitter required for high e?ciencies is di?cult to control with conventional designs. Here, we design a thermophotovoltaic system, comprising silicon rods as thermal emitter with a relatively narrow emission spectrum and photovoltaic cells with a band gap corresponding to 1.76 μm, and verify e?cient power generation. By accurately measuring the heat ?ux that enters the emitter, the emitter temperature, and the electrical output power of the photovoltaic cells, we ?nd that the actual system e?ciency (ratio of output power to ingoing heat ?ux) is 11.2% at an emitter temperature of 1338 K and the output power density footprint is 0.368 W/cm2. The obtained e?ciency is relatively high, i.e., 1.65 times that of the previously reported record value (6.8%). Further e?ciency improvements may lead to development of distributed energy supplies using combustion heat.
关键词： thermal emitter,photonics for energy materials,photonic crystals,thermophotovoltaics
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Advancing photovoltaics and thermophotovoltaics with supradegeneracy
摘要： An ongoing challenge facing photovoltaics (PV) and thermophotovoltaics (TPV) is to improve the relatively poor efficiency with which they convert blackbody radiation into electricity. Analysis indicates that a recently proposed phenomenon from statistical mechanics – supradegeneracy – might boost this efficiency and increase system power densities. Supradegeneracy might also expand the palette of attractive PV/TPV materials, allow lower operating temperatures for TPVs, and thereby increase their robustness, reliability, and lifespan. Laboratory tests of the supradegeneracy concept have begun.
关键词： Photovoltaics,Second law of thermodynamics,Thermophotovoltaics,Waste heat,Supradegeneracy
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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A Review of Advances in Thermophotovoltaics for Power Generation and Waste Heat Harvesting
摘要： The vast majority of power generation in the United States today is produced through the same processes as it was in the late-1800s: heat is applied to water to generate steam, which turns a turbine, which turns a generator, generating electrical power. Researchers today are developing solid-state power generation processes that are more befitting the 21st-century. Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells directly convert radiated thermal energy into electrical power, through a process similar to how traditional photovoltaics work. These TPV generators, however, include additional system components that solar cells do not incorporate. These components, selective-emitters and filters, shape the way the radiated heat is transferred into the TPV cell for conversion and are critical for its efficiency. Here, we present a review of work performed to improve the components in these systems. These improvements will help enable TPV generators to be used with nearly any thermal source for both primary power generation and waste heat harvesting.
关键词： Power Generation,Thermophotovoltaics,Waste Heat Harvesting,Selective-emitters,Filters
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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High-Temperature Selective Emitter Design and Materials: Titanium Aluminum Nitride Alloys for Thermophotovoltaics
摘要： The efficiency of a thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system depends critically upon the spectral selectivity and stability of an emitter, which may operate most effectively at temperatures in excess of 1000 °C. We computationally design and experimentally demonstrate a novel selective emitter design based on multilayer nanostructures, robust to off-normal emission angles. A computational search of the material and temperature compatibility space of simple emitter designs motivates new material classes and identifies several promising multilayer nanostructure designs for both TPV absorber and emitter applications. One such structure, comprising a thin (<100 nm) tunable TixAl1?xN (TiAlN) absorber and refractory oxide Bragg reflector is grown on W metal foil. In agreement with simulations, the emitter achieves record spectral efficiency (43.4%) and power density (3.6 W/cm2) for an emitter with at least 1 h of high temperature (>800 °C) operation.
关键词： solar thermophotovoltaics,titanium aluminum nitride,selective emitters,optical coating,atomic layer deposition
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04