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Influence of heat treatment temperature on the microstructural, mechanical, and wear behavior of 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder bed additive manufacturing
摘要： A metal component fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) is generally required to be heat treated to enhance microstructural and mechanical aspects. This present study aims to contribute to the literature in understanding the effect of heat treatment and various heat treatment temperatures on as-built components fabricated by AM. In this study, various heat treatment temperatures were applied to 316L stainless steel specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM) and the effects on the microstructure, microhardness, XRD response, porosity, and wear behavior were investigated. The microhardness, XRD, and wear response of SLM 316L were compared with those of wrought 316L. The results illustrate that the heat treatment temperature has a substantial effect on the evolution of microstructure, XRD response, and porosity. Our results also support the argument that the effect of porosity on wear behavior is more dominant than the effect on microhardness. It should also be noted that the wrought 316L stainless steel specimen shows much better wear resistance than SLM 316L specimen.
关键词： Wear behavior,Selective laser melting,Heat treatment,Porosity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of Laser Quenching on the Microstructure and the Abrasive Wear Resistance of 30KhGSA Steel
摘要： The results of microstructural studies, the microhardness distribution, and the estimation of abrasive wear resistance of structural 30KhGSA steel samples hardened during continuous irradiation with a multichannel (48 beams) CO2 laser are presented. Fine martensite forms in the hardened zone and the steel has a high hardness and abrasion resistance.
关键词： abrasive wear resistance,multichannel CO2 laser,laser quenching,structural steel
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Investigation on laser-induced oxidation assisted micro-milling of Inconel 718
摘要： Poor surface quality and rapid tool wear are the main problems in micro-cutting of Inconel 718. In this study, a novel hybrid machining method named laser-induced oxidation assisted micro-milling is proposed to solve the aforementioned problems. A loose oxide layer and a relatively flat sublayer are formed on the material after laser irradiation. Under optimized laser parameters with a scanning speed of 1 mm/s and an average laser power of 4.5 W, the thicknesses of the oxide layer and the sublayer are 24 and 18 mm, respectively. The influence of cutting parameters on milling force, surface roughness, surface quality, and top burr size is studied in detail. Cutting force and thrust force in the proposed hybrid machining process are lower than those in the conventional micro-milling. Results show that for the investigated range of parameters, the optimal feed per tooth and depth of cut in the hybrid process are 3 mm/z and 3 mm, respectively. When using the optimal parameters, the surface roughness of the machined slot bottom is 108.5 nm. The top burr size on the up-milling side and the down-milling side is 26.8 and 36.2 mm, respectively. In addition, the tool wear mechanism is coating delamination in hybrid process, whereas chipping, coating delamination, tool nose breakage, and adhesion are the main tool wear mechanism in the conventional micro-milling. For the same amount of material removal, the proposed hybrid process can decrease the tool wear and enhance the service life of the micro-end mill as compared to conventional micro-milling.
关键词： micro-milling,Inconel 718,surface quality,tool wear,laser-induced oxidation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Improving the Wear Life of a-C:H Film in High Vacuum by Self-Assembled Reduced Graphene Oxide Layers
摘要： As an energy-e?cient surface modi?cation method, self-assembly has been the subject of extensive research. However, its application on carbon ?lm has been rarely reported. In the present work, a novel self-assembled reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared on a-C:H ?lm by a controllable self-assembly method, and the friction behavior of the RGO/a-C:H ?lm was investigated under vacuum environment. Interestingly, the RGO/a-C:H ?lm exhibited signi?cant improvement of anti-wear ability in vacuum conditions under a high applied load of 5 N. As expected, the synergy lubrication e?ect of the RGO layer and a-C:H ?lm should account for the excellent friction reduction and anti-wear ability of a RGO/a-C:H multilayer ?lm.
关键词： vacuum,wear,reduced graphene oxide,a-C:H ?lm,carbon materials,self-assembly
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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High-Speed Laser Melt Injection of Tungsten Carbide in Highly Conductive Copper Alloys
摘要： For the first time, metal matrix composite (MMC) layers on parts made of highly conductive copper alloys have been generated by laser melt injection (LMI). In order to ensure a sufficient absorption efficiency, different kinds of surface modification were investigated. Welding speeds up to 7.5 m/min can be obtained. When increasing the dispersing rate, the process efficiency, which is the product of absorption efficiency and thermal efficiency, increases. At high dispersing rates, some spherical fused tungsten carbide (SFTC) particles are slightly deformed or partly fused together without decreasing the hardness.
关键词： metal matrix composite,surface modification,laser melt injection,wear resistance
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Influence of Powder Condition on Surface Properties of Cold-Resistant High-Strength Steel Produced by Direct Laser Deposition Method
摘要： Direct laser deposition (DLD) allows creating parts of complex shapes and configurations in a single process step without using of additional equipment. Such technologies are required in the shipbuilding industry, aircrafts, gas turbines, mechanical engineering etc., where it is necessary to manufacture large-sized and complex products that have a long technological cycle for production using classical technologies. DLD makes it possible to produce parts of various alloys with mechanical characteristics at the level of the wrought alloys. The publication is described direct laser deposition of high-strength cold-resistant steels results. Besides mechanical properties of material, the exploitation properties of the structure are also significantly important. Results of corrosion, abrasive-corrosion and tribotechnical tests are shown.
关键词： corrosion resistance,high-strength steel,abrasive-corrosion resistance,Direct laser deposition,cold-resistant steel,initial powder condition,wear resistance
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Influence of Work Media on Surface Property of Compacted Graphite Cast Iron Processed by Laser Local Processing
摘要： In order to enhance surface property of brake materials, compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) with non-smooth surface was processed by laser local processing. This study focuses on the influence of the work media on wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance of specimens. The results showed that when the work media were air and water respectively, laser local processing could enhance surface property of CGI. Changing work media could not change phase compositions of the laser processing area, but refined their microstructures, which enhanced their micro-hardness. By this way, the specimens’ wear resistance and resistance to thermal crack initiation were further improved, while their resistance to thermal crack propagation was influenced by cracks on bionic units.
关键词： Work media,Laser,Compacted graphite cast iron,Wear resistance,Thermal fatigue resistance
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Performance analysis of laser-treated hot forging dies with WC-Co-Cr
摘要： The service life of hot forging dies was evaluated after being subjected in a double-layer surface treatment. The dies were laser treated, using WC-Co-Cr powder, and then surface nitrided. Previously, the integrity of the layers was proven metallographically. Information about the properties of the surface was measured in order to be used later for the wear calculation. The performance of the treated die compared with the normal one was first assessed by FEM wear simulation. The areas with increased wear were determined, and with the aid of an analytical model, the total wear was predicted after predetermined number of forging cycles. Later, forging dies were manufactured, surface treated, and utilized in real production environment. The results suggested an improvement of 41% and 94% for the different forging trials which also is in good agreement with the simulation results.
关键词： WC-Co-Cr,Laser,Multilayer,Wear,Surface treatment,FEM,Hot forging
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Study on laser-induced oxidation modification coupled with micro milling of WC-Co cemented carbide
摘要： Cemented carbide is known as “industrial tooth” and has wide applications in terms of military, aerospace and other fields. In this study, a compound processing approach named laser-induced oxidation modification coupled with micro milling (LCMM) is proposed to solve its poor micro machining performance. The oxidation mechanism of WC-Co cemented carbide is revealed. Surface morphology and cross-section of WC-Co cemented carbide are investigated after laser irradiation under various average laser power and two reaction environment. Research results present that at the average power of 5 W, scanning speed of 0.5 mm/s and oxygen-rich oxygen condition, the laser-induced oxidation process is optimal. The thickness of oxide layer and sub-layer is 9.1 μm and 2.7 μm, and the material surface generates porous and loose oxide layer. In addition, comparative analyses are performed and discussed in detail considering milling force, tool wear and surface quality of machined micro slot. In comparison with conventional micro milling (CONM), cutting force of Fx and thrust force of Fy generated in removing the oxide layer in LCMM are reduced by 56% and 58% to maximum extent, respectively. The machined surface quality in LCMM is better than that in CONM with a slower rate of increase in surface roughness (Sa). At ap = 2 μm and fz = 1.5 μm/z, surface quality of machined micro slot in LCMM is superior to that at other milling parameters, and the surface roughness reach 57 nm. Tool wear rate in LCMM is greatly improved and tool wear mechanism mainly includes slight adhesion wear and abrasion wear. While, in CONM the wear mechanisms are severe abrasion wear, chipping and adhesion wear. The tool service life in LCMM can be promoted more than double.
关键词： Micro milling,Surface quality,Cemented carbide,Laser-induced oxidation,Tool wear
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Production and Tribological Characterization of Tailored Laser-Induced Surface 3D Microtextures
摘要： The aim of the present study was firstly to determine the manufacturing feasibility of a specific surface 3D-microtexturing on steel through an ultra-short pulsed laser, and secondly to investigate the tribological properties under 2 different lubrication conditions: oil-lubricated and antifriction coated. The selected 3D-microtexture consisted of 2 different levels of quadratic micropillars having side dimensions of approximately 45 μm, heights of about 35 μm and periods of 80 μm. It was shown that the production of specific 3D-microtextures on steel substrates using an ultra-short pulsed laser was feasible, and that the reproducibility of the texture dimensions over the entire textured region was extremely good. Frictional investigations have shown that, in comparison to the benchmark (untextured samples), the 3D-microtextured samples do not induce any significant improvements in the coefficient of friction (COF) under oil-lubricated conditions, but that under antifriction coated conditions, significant improvements in the friction coefficients may be achieved. Wear-based tribological tests have shown that the antifriction coating on benchmark samples was completely depleted, which greatly influenced their friction and wear behavior, since steel-steel contact occurred during testing. For the 3D-microtexture, the antifriction coating was also partially depleted; however, it accumulated itself in the microtexture which acted as a potential lubricant reservoir.
关键词： ultra-short pulsed laser,surface characterization,wear,laser microtexturing,tribological,friction,characterization
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52